9. Surface Area and Volume
Solutions to Practice Sets 9.1 to 9.3 and Problem Set 9, with full working. Maharashtra State Board (Balbharati), Std 9 Mathematics Part 2 (Geometry).
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Practice Set 9.1
Given: l = 20 cm, b = 12 cm, h = 10 cm
Area of vertical faces = 2(l + b) × h = 2(20 + 12) × 10 = 2 × 32 × 10 = 640 cm²
Total surface area = 2(lb + bh + lh) = 2(20 × 12 + 12 × 10 + 20 × 10) = 2(240 + 120 + 200) = 2 × 560 = 1120 cm²
∴ Vertical faces = 640 cm², total surface area = 1120 cm²
Given: Total surface area = 500, b = 6, h = 5
2(lb + bh + lh) = 500
2(6l + 30 + 5l) = 500
11l + 30 = 250
11l = 220 ∴ l = 20
∴ Length of the box = 20 units
Given: side l = 4.5 cm
Area of vertical faces = 4l² = 4 × (4.5)² = 4 × 20.25 = 81 cm²
Total surface area = 6l² = 6 × 20.25 = 121.5 cm²
∴ Vertical faces = 81 cm², total surface area = 121.5 cm²
6l² = 5400 ∴ l² = 900
Area of vertical faces = 4l² = 4 × 900 = 3600 cm²
∴ Area of all vertical faces = 3600 cm²
Volume = l × b × h
34.50 = l × 1.5 × 1.15 = 1.725 l
l = 34.51.725 = 20
∴ Length of the cuboid = 20 m
Volume = l³ = (7.5)³ = 7.5 × 7.5 × 7.5 = 421.875 cm³
∴ Volume = 421.875 cm³
Given: r = 20 cm, h = 13 cm
Curved surface area = 2πrh = 2 × 3.14 × 20 × 13 = 1632.8 cm²
Total surface area = 2πr(r + h) = 2 × 3.14 × 20 × (20 + 13) = 125.6 × 33 = 4144.8 cm²
∴ Curved surface area = 1632.8 cm², total surface area = 4144.8 cm²
2πrh = 1980
2 × 227 × 15 × h = 1980
6607 × h = 1980
h = 1980 × 7660 = 3 × 7 = 21
∴ Height of the cylinder = 21 cm
Practice Set 9.2
For a cone with base radius r, perpendicular height h and slant height l: l² = r² + h², curved surface area = πrl, total surface area = πr(l + r), volume = ⅓πr²h.
l² = r² + h²
13² = r² + 12²
r² = 169 − 144 = 25 ∴ r = 5
∴ Radius of the base = 5 cm
Total surface area = πr(l + r)
7128 = 227 × 28 × (l + 28) = 88(l + 28)
l + 28 = 712888 = 81 ∴ l = 53 cm
h² = l² − r² = 53² − 28² = 2809 − 784 = 2025 ∴ h = 45 cm
Volume = 13 πr²h = 13 × 227 × 28 × 28 × 45 = 22 × 4 × 28 × 15 = 36960 cm³
∴ Volume of the cone = 36960 cm³
πrl = 251.2
3.14 × 8 × l = 251.2
25.12 l = 251.2 ∴ l = 10 cm
h² = l² − r² = 100 − 64 = 36 ∴ h = 6 cm
∴ Slant height = 10 cm, perpendicular height = 6 cm
A closed cone needs its total surface area of tin.
Total surface area = πr(l + r) = 227 × 6 × (8 + 6) = 227 × 84 = 264 m²
Cost = 264 × 10 = Rs. 2640
∴ Cost = Rs. 2640
No value of π is given; π = 22/7 is used. With π = 3.14 the area is 263.76 m² and the cost Rs. 2637.60.
Volume = 13 πr²h
6280 = 13 × 3.14 × 30 × 30 × h = 942 h
h = 6280942 = 203 ≈ 6.67
∴ Perpendicular height = 20/3 cm ≈ 6.67 cm
Taking the given surface area as the curved surface area:
πrl = 188.4 ∴ 3.14 × r × 10 = 188.4 ∴ 31.4 r = 188.4 ∴ r = 6 cm
h² = l² − r² = 100 − 36 = 64 ∴ h = 8 cm
∴ Perpendicular height = 8 cm
If 188.4 cm² is taken as the total surface area, r(10 + r) = 60, which has no whole-number solution. The intended value is the curved surface area.
With 1212 cm³ the radius is not exact (r² ≈ 48.2). The intended volume is 1232 cm³, which gives r = 7 cm. The solution below uses 1232 cm³.
13 πr²h = 1232
13 × 227 × r² × 24 = 1232 ∴ 1767 r² = 1232
r² = 1232 × 7176 = 49 ∴ r = 7 cm
l² = r² + h² = 49 + 576 = 625 ∴ l = 25 cm
Total surface area = πr(l + r) = 227 × 7 × (25 + 7) = 22 × 32 = 704 cm²
∴ Surface area of the cone = 704 cm²
πrl = 2200 ∴ 227 × r × 50 = 2200 ∴ r = 2200 × 722 × 50 = 14 cm
Area of base = πr² = 227 × 14 × 14 = 616 cm²
Total surface area = 2200 + 616 = 2816 cm²
∴ Total surface area = 2816 cm²
Area of the base = 25 × 4 = 100 m²
Volume = 13 × area of base × height = 13 × 100 × 18 = 600 m³
∴ Volume of the tent = 600 m³
Given: h = 2.1 m, r = 7.2 ÷ 2 = 3.6 m; π = 22/7
Volume = 13 πr²h = 13 × 227 × 3.6 × 3.6 × 2.1 = 22 × 0.1 × 12.96 = 28.512 ≈ 28.51 m³
l² = r² + h² = 12.96 + 4.41 = 17.37 ∴ l ≈ 4.17 m
Polythene covers only the curved surface (the base is on the ground).
Curved surface area = πrl = 227 × 3.6 × 4.17 ≈ 47.18 m²
∴ Volume ≈ 28.51 m³; polythene needed ≈ 47.18 m²
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Practice Set 9.3
Sphere: surface area = 4πr², volume = ⁴⁄₃πr³. Hemisphere: curved surface area = 2πr², total surface area = 3πr², volume = ⅔πr³.
(i) r = 4 cm
Surface area = 4 × 3.14 × 16 = 200.96 cm²
Volume = ⁴⁄₃ × 3.14 × 64 = 267.95 cm³ (approx.)
(ii) r = 9 cm
Surface area = 4 × 3.14 × 81 = 1017.36 cm²
Volume = ⁴⁄₃ × 3.14 × 729 = 3052.08 cm³
(iii) r = 3.5 cm
Surface area = 4 × 3.14 × 12.25 = 153.86 cm²
Volume = ⁴⁄₃ × 3.14 × 42.875 = 179.50 cm³ (approx.)
- 200.96 cm², 267.95 cm³
- 1017.36 cm², 3052.08 cm³
- 153.86 cm², 179.50 cm³
Curved surface area = 2πr² = 2 × 3.14 × 25 = 157 cm²
Total surface area = 3πr² = 3 × 3.14 × 25 = 235.5 cm²
∴ Curved surface area = 157 cm², total surface area = 235.5 cm²
4πr² = 2826 ∴ 12.56 r² = 2826 ∴ r² = 225 ∴ r = 15 cm
Volume = ⁴⁄₃ × 3.14 × 15 × 15 × 15 = ⁴⁄₃ × 3.14 × 3375 = 14130 cm³
∴ Volume = 14130 cm³
⁴⁄₃ × 227 × r³ = 38808
r³ = 38808 × 2188 = 9261 ∴ r = 21 cm
Surface area = 4πr² = 4 × 227 × 21 × 21 = 5544 cm²
∴ Surface area = 5544 cm²
⅔πr³ = 18000π
r³ = 18000 × 3 ÷ 2 = 27000 ∴ r = 30 cm
Diameter = 2r = 60 cm
∴ Diameter = 60 cm
Problem Set 9
In one rotation the roller presses an area equal to its curved surface area.
Curved surface area = 2πrh = πdh = 227 × 0.9 × 1.4 = 3.96 m²
Area in 500 rotations = 500 × 3.96 = 1980 m²
∴ Area pressed = 1980 m²
Thickness of glass = 2 mm = 0.2 cm.
Inner length = 60.4 − 2 × 0.2 = 60 cm; inner breadth = 40.4 − 2 × 0.2 = 40 cm
The tank is open at the top, so glass is only at the bottom: inner height = 40.2 − 0.2 = 40 cm
Volume of water = 60 × 40 × 40 = 96000 cm³ = 96 litres
∴ Maximum volume of water = 96000 cm³ (96 litres)
Let r = 5k and h = 12k.
Volume = 13 × 3.14 × 25k² × 12k = 314k³
314k³ = 314 ∴ k³ = 1 ∴ k = 1
h = 12 m, r = 5 m
l² = r² + h² = 25 + 144 = 169 ∴ l = 13 m
∴ Perpendicular height = 12 m, slant height = 13 m
⁴⁄₃ × 3.14 × r³ = 904.32
r³ = 904.32 × 34 × 3.14 = 2712.9612.56 = 216 ∴ r = 6 cm
∴ Radius = 6 cm
6l² = 864 ∴ l² = 144 ∴ l = 12 cm
Volume = l³ = 12³ = 1728 cm³
∴ Volume = 1728 cm³
4πr² = 154 ∴ 4 × 227 × r² = 154 ∴ r² = 154 × 788 = 12.25 ∴ r = 3.5 cm
Volume = ⁴⁄₃ × 227 × 3.5 × 3.5 × 3.5 = 5393 ≈ 179.67 cm³
∴ Volume ≈ 179.67 cm³
No value of π is given; π = 22/7 is used because it gives an exact radius.
Let the radius be r; then l = 3r.
Total surface area = πr(l + r) = πr(3r + r) = 4πr²
4 × 227 × r² = 616 ∴ r² = 616 × 788 = 49 ∴ r = 7 cm
l = 3 × 7 = 21 cm
∴ Slant height = 21 cm
The inner surface of the well is the curved surface of a cylinder with r = 2.1 m, h = 10 m.
Curved surface area = 2πrh = 2 × 227 × 2.1 × 10 = 132 m²
Cost = 132 × 52 = Rs. 6864
∴ Inner surface area = 132 m², cost = Rs. 6864
Area levelled in one rotation = curved surface area = 2πrh = 2 × 227 × 0.7 × 2.1 = 9.24 m²
Area in 500 rotations = 500 × 9.24 = 4620 m²
Cost = 4620 × 7 = Rs. 32340
∴ Area levelled = 4620 m², cost = Rs. 32340