MAK LABS — Std 9 Geography Chapter 11 Transport and Communication

1Differentiate between:

(A) Railways and roadways

Railways	Roadways
Most suitable for long-distance travel and bulk freight transport.	Most suitable for short to medium distances and local commute.
They operate on fixed tracks and schedules, so they lack flexibility.	They offer high flexibility, providing door-to-door service directly to destinations.
Cheaper for transporting heavy goods over long distances.	Comparatively costlier for transporting heavy freight over long distances.
They require relatively flat terrain; construction in hilly regions is highly difficult.	They can be built and navigated across diverse terrains, including steep hilly regions.

(B) Transportation and communication

Transportation	Communication
It refers to the physical movement of people, goods, and animals from one place to another.	It refers to the exchange or transmission of information, ideas, messages, or data between people.
Key means include roadways, railways, airways, waterways, and pipelines.	Key means include postal services, internet, telephones, radio, and television.
Its primary goal is to overcome spatial distance for physical trade and mobility.	Its primary goal is to connect people and spread awareness regardless of physical location.

(C) Conventional and modern means of communication

Conventional Means	Modern Means
These are traditional methods of communication like letters, telegrams, radio, and print newspapers.	These are highly advanced, technology-driven methods like the internet, mobile phones, and video conferencing.
Communication is relatively slow and often one-way (e.g., watching TV, reading a newspaper).	Communication is instantaneous, global, and highly interactive (two-way).
Relies on physical delivery networks or ground-based broadcasting towers.	Relies heavily on man-made artificial satellites in space and extensive optic-fibre networks.

2Answer in detail:

(1) 'Newspapers are used for communication'. Explain the statement.

Newspapers act as a powerful medium of mass communication. They facilitate one-way communication by delivering local, national, and international news to a vast audience simultaneously. Apart from daily news, they spread awareness about government policies, social issues, scientific advancements, and commercial advertisements. By exchanging critical information and shaping public opinion on a daily basis, newspapers serve as a reliable and conventional tool for communication.

(2) Explain how T.V. is a cheap means of communication.

Television is considered a highly cost-effective means of mass communication because its initial broadcasting cost is distributed across millions of viewers. Once a user purchases a TV set, it serves the entire family for many years. With a very low monthly subscription fee (or even free-to-air channels), users gain round-the-clock access to endless streams of global news, educational programs, weather updates, and entertainment. In terms of "cost per user," television provides immense informational value for a negligible ongoing price.

(3) What types of communications can be done through mobiles?

Mobile phones have revolutionized communication. We can perform various types of communication through them, such as:

Voice and Video Calling: Real-time audio and face-to-face conversations globally.
Messaging and Social Media: Instant text messages (SMS), emails, and interactions on platforms like WhatsApp, Facebook, and Twitter.
Financial Transactions: Exchanging payment data via apps like BHIM, UPI, and mobile banking.
Conferencing: Group video-conferencing for remote education or professional business meetings.

3Name them on the basis of the given information:

(1) Five cities with airways services in Maharashtra: Mumbai, Pune, Nagpur, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Nashik
(2) Services available in post offices: Speed post, Parcel delivery, Money order, Savings accounts, Life insurance
(3) National Highways near your area (Model answer for Mumbai/Pune region): Mumbai-Pune Expressway, NH-48 (Mumbai-Bengaluru)
(4) Ports along the coast of Maharashtra: Mumbai Port, Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT), Ratnagiri, Dighi

4Identify the relation and match the columns making a chain:

Group 'A'	Group 'B'	Group 'C'
Postal services	Conventional means of communication	Speed post
Shivneri	Roadways	Comfortable Journey
Internet	World network of connected computers	Exchange of information
RoRo transport	Railways	Energy, time and labour saving

Note: "Shivneri" is the name given to the premium, air-conditioned buses operated by the Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation (MSRTC).

11. Transport and Communication

Exercise