Std 5 EVS 1 · Chapter 25

25. Community Health and Hygiene

Complete solutions to the Exercise. Maharashtra State Board (Balbharati), Standard 5 EVS 1.

Exercises

1Fill in the blanks.

(a) A healthy and wholesome life leads to feelings of friendship.

(b) Constant presence of tobacco in the digestive organs can lead to cancer of those organs.

(d) The most important factor in the country’s progress and development are its people.

(e) Good community health can be achieved through habits of hygiene and good health.

2True or false? Correct the wrong statements.

(a) Pollution, squalor, epidemics, addictions and insect-borne diseases are all beneficial for community health.

False. Corrected statement: Pollution, squalor, epidemics, addictions and insect-borne diseases are all threats to community health.

(b) There is a ban on spitting in public places.

True. It is a legal offence to spit in a public place, and the aim of the ban is to prevent the spread of diseases.

True. They lead to excellent health and to good personal development as well.

(d) We cannot live a wholesome life if we take care of our health.

False. Corrected statement: We can live a wholesome life if we take care of our health.

3Answer the following questions.

(a) How can you achieve excellent health?

Nutritious foodA balanced diet that supplies all the food constituents in the right quantities.

Personal hygieneWashing the hands before eating, bathing, and keeping the body and clothes clean.

ExerciseGames and physical activity every day.

Hobbies and interestsThey keep the mind happy and occupied.

A cheerful mindAvoiding feelings of hatred and envy, which is part of wholesome living.

Staying away from addictionsBeing firm and learning to say ‘No’ when someone urges us to try tobacco, alcohol or drugs.

(b) What factors are a threat to community health?

Pollution, squalor or dirty surroundings, epidemics of infectious diseases, addictions and insect-borne diseases are all threats to community health. Carelessness about hygiene is an important threat — for example spitting on the road, throwing household garbage into the street and burning old tyres. Polluted water, malnutrition, and ignorance and superstition also harm the health of the whole community.

Ulcers form in the mouth.

These ulcers develop into bigger wounds, and tumours may form.

A great deal of time and money has to be spent on treatment, and if the wounds do not heal it can lead to cancer.

Tobacco reaching the digestive organs causes complaints related to them, and its constant presence there can cause cancer of any of those organs.

Cancer caused in this way needs very painful treatment, and even then a cure is not certain.

A person addicted to tobacco spits here and there and makes the surroundings dirty, which harms everyone.

(d) What are the ill effects of alcoholism?

Alcohol makes a person drowsy and confused, and they lose control over their own actions.

It causes diseases of the liver, the intestines and the urinary bladder.

The condition of the addicted person becomes pitiable, and the family suffers along with them.

There is no telling how much money the treatment will need, and a great deal of time and effort is wasted.

The family is deprived of health and happiness and is ruined. An addict destroys the whole family, not only himself.

Remember: if someone has begun to fall into such a habit, the help of a doctor or a counsellor should be sought at once. Eating regularly, playing games and following a hobby all help a person to stay away from addictions.

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