MAK LABS — CTET 21 January 2024 Paper II (Social Studies) Question Paper with Answer Key

1.According to Vygotsky, what is the role of the teacher in facilitating cognitive development?

(1) To provide information and knowledge to the student.
(2) To guide and support the student’s learning through scaffolding.
(3) To allow the student to learn completely independently.
(4) To give only those tasks that the student can currently do independently.

Why: Vygotsky saw the teacher as a guide. The teacher gives support (scaffolding) when the task is hard and slowly withdraws it as the child learns.

2.Which of the following statements about adolescence is not correct?

(1) Adolescence is a social construction.
(2) Adolescence is generally considered to begin with puberty - the process that leads to sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce.
(3) Adolescence is developmental transition between childhood and adulthood entailing physical, cognitive and psychosocial changes.
(4) Children across different cultures usher in and experience adolescence in a similar manner.

Why: Adolescence is shaped by culture. Different cultures mark and experience it in different ways. So option 4 is not correct.

3.Sujata participates eagerly in the dance competition only because she is interested in winning the first prize of cash. Sujata is:

(1) Intrinsically motivated
(2) Extrinsically motivated
(3) Mastery-Oriented learner
(4) Failure-avoiding learner

Why: Sujata dances only to win the cash prize. Her motive comes from an outside reward, so she is extrinsically motivated.

4.In order to address the individual differences among learners, a teacher should:

(1) acknowledge differences as abnormal and kind of deficit
(2) be indifferent towards individual differences
(3) consider differences as obvious feature of human diversity
(4) implement a rigid and uniform curriculum for all learners

Why: Individual differences are a natural part of human diversity. A teacher should accept them and plan for them.

5.Jean Piaget believed that knowledge is:

(1) constructed by the child rather than being passed passively from the environment.
(2) innate and given rather than acquired through interactions.
(3) co-constructed in interactions with more knowledgeable others.
(4) a visible behavioural change that can be measured with reliability.

Why: Piaget believed that children build (construct) knowledge by acting on their world. They do not just receive it.

6.In a progressive classroom assessment is:

(1) Dynamic
(2) Objective
(3) Summative
(4) Normative

Why: In a progressive class, assessment goes on along with learning. It changes with the learner’s needs, so it is dynamic.

7.Which of the following process is essential in meaning-making of the information received from environment and store it further in memory?

(1) Attention
(2) Decay
(3) Forgetting
(4) Retrieval

Why: Information is noticed first, and only then can it be understood and stored. So attention is the essential first step.

8.Which of the following is an example of a question that requires students to analyze information?

(1) What is the plot of the novel “To Kill a Mockingbird”?
(2) What is the theme of the novel “To Kill a Mockingbird”?
(3) How does the author use symbolism in “To Kill a Mockingbird”?
(4) Who is the protagonist of “To Kill a Mockingbird”?

Why: Asking how the author uses symbolism needs the student to break the text into parts and study them. This is analysis. Plot and character name need only recall.

9.Assertion (A): Teachers should constantly reflect on their own stereotypes and bias.
Reason (R): Culturally responsive teaching means that teachers are reflective.
Choose the correct option:

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why: Culturally responsive teachers reflect on their own beliefs. So they keep checking their stereotypes and bias. (R) explains (A).

10.The central argument of Carol Gilligan’s critique of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development is around:

(1) Ethics of care and the feminist perspective.
(2) Overestimation of children’s moral abilities.
(3) Use of experimental design in studying children.
(4) Educational implications of the study for school going children.

Why: Carol Gilligan said Kohlberg’s theory ignored the ‘ethics of care’ seen more in women. Her critique is from a feminist point of view.

11.Assertion (A): Learning from real-life problems and concrete experiences gives the children multiple pathways for learning and retrieving information.
Reason (R): Development is relatively orderly and sequential.
Choose the correct option:

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why: Learning from real-life problems gives many ways to learn and recall. Development is orderly and sequential. Both are true, but (R) does not explain (A).

12.Dyslexia is a _________ condition which impacts learner’s ability to ________.

(1) emotional, draw pictures
(2) neurological, link sounds with symbols
(3) physiological, socialize with peers
(4) sensory, coordinate body movements

Why: Dyslexia is a neurological condition. It affects the child’s ability to link sounds with letters (symbols).

13.A middle school teacher wants to enable meaningful learning by helping students make connections between concepts and real-world applications. Which of the following activities would be an appropriate pedagogical strategy?

(1) Let the students memorize terms and definitions.
(2) Let the students complete worksheets with multiple choice questions.
(3) Let the students learn by the method of stimulus-response conditioning.
(4) Let the students research on a current issue in small groups and present their findings to the class.

Why: Researching a current issue in groups and presenting it links concepts with real life. It also makes learning meaningful.

14.In which stage of Kohlberg’s moral development do children’s reasoning revolve around ethics of law?

(1) Pre-conventional morality
(2) Conventional morality
(3) Heteronomous morality
(4) Autonomous morality

Why: At the conventional level, children follow rules and laws to keep order in society. So their reasoning revolves around law.

15.Which of the following does not exemplify an inclusive classroom?

(1) Incorporation of diverse perspectives
(2) Following reasonable accommodation
(3) Offering differentiated instruction
(4) Encouraging competitive ethos

Why: An inclusive class values cooperation. A competitive ethos goes against inclusion.

16.Work in progress Portfolios are an effective tool for formative assessment because:
(a) They involve students in the process of assessment.
(b) They offer insights about the progress of individual students.
(c) They focus mainly in the presentation of the final product.
(d) They offer tangible evidence of student learning.

(1) (b), (c)
(2) (a), (d)
(3) (a), (b), (c)
(4) (a), (b), (d)

Why: A work-in-progress portfolio involves students, shows each student’s progress and gives real proof of learning. It does not focus mainly on the final product.

17.Which of the following describes a mastery goal orientation?

(1) focus on achieving a certain level of performance for competing with others.
(2) focus on improving ones’ skills and understanding of a task.
(3) focus on achieving a high grade for receiving external rewards.
(4) focus on avoiding failure or punishment for fear of humiliation.

Why: A mastery goal means trying to improve one’s own skill and understanding. It is not about beating others or getting rewards.

18.Which of the following best describes the role of the teacher in progressive education?

(1) The teacher is the primary source of knowledge and authority in the classroom.
(2) The teacher provides diverse materials for children to experiment and provides scaffolding as and when required.
(3) The teacher is responsible for ensuring strict adherence to curriculum standards.
(4) The teacher lets the children learn independently and does not interfere in their learning.

Why: In progressive education, the teacher gives many materials for children to explore. The teacher helps (scaffolds) when needed.

19.Asking Critical questions such as “how much and in what ways are various gender represented in textbooks and media” would encourage:

(1) Questioning gender stereotypes
(2) Strengthening gender constancy
(3) Reinforcing gender identity
(4) Discouraging gender role flexibility

Why: Asking how genders are shown in textbooks and media makes children question gender stereotypes.

20.According to Jean Piaget the ability to use symbols for symbols such as letting the letter X stand for an unknown numeral develops during __________ and enables the children to learn _________.

(1) concrete operational stage; algebra and calculus
(2) concrete operational stage; conservation and seriation
(3) formal operational stage; algebra and calculus
(4) formal operational stage; conservation and seriation

Why: Using a letter like x for an unknown number is abstract thinking. It develops in the formal operational stage. It helps children learn algebra and calculus.

21.Alok shows the following behaviours : Holds head in an awkward position when reading; squinting and rubbing the eye frequently; redness/swelling of eyes; confusing letters. These can be symptoms of potential:

(1) Visual problems
(2) Language comprehension problems
(3) Autistic spectrum disorder
(4) Communication disorder

Why: Holding the head awkwardly, squinting, rubbing the eyes and red eyes are signs of a vision problem.

22.Assertion (A): In an inclusive classroom, adaptations should be made in learning goals, pedagogical strategies as well as assessment.
Reason (R): The philosophy of inclusion advocates elimination of all individual differences through pedagogical approaches and assessment.
Choose the correct option:

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why: Inclusion adapts goals, methods and assessment for learners, so (A) is true. Inclusion respects differences. It does not try to remove them, so (R) is false.

23.According to Lev-Vygotsky children benefit from the experience of interacting with __________ while working _______ their zone of proximal development.

(1) more knowledgeable others; within
(2) more knowledgeable others; just outside
(3) the physical environment; within
(4) the physical environment; just outside

Why: Vygotsky said children learn best with help from more knowledgeable others. This happens while they work within their zone of proximal development.

24.A teacher notices that one of her students is highly distractible and has trouble paying attention during class. Which of the following strategies would is an effective strategy in helping the student stay focused?

(1) Giving the student repeated tasks to do during class.
(2) Strictly telling the student to increase their attention span.
(3) Giving a timer to student for self-regulation and time-management.
(4) Calling the parents and taking strict disciplinary action against the student.

Why: A timer helps the child manage time and control attention by himself. Scolding or punishing does not help.

25.Assertion (A): Students are more likely to do well and stay in school if they have emotional attachment to their school and believe that they matter.
Reason (R): Emotions play a significant role in learning.
Choose the correct option:

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why: When students feel attached to school and feel they matter, they learn better. This is because emotions play a big role in learning. (R) explains (A).

26.Which of the following is a core principle of constructivist learning theory?

(1) Teachers should provide direct instruction and explicit guidance to students.
(2) Learning occurs when students receive correct answers and feedback from teachers.
(3) Students construct their own knowledge through active engagement with their environment.
(4) Learning is primarily a passive process that involves receiving and memorizing information.

Why: Constructivism says students build their own knowledge by actively engaging with their surroundings.

27.Assertion (A): The less able a child is to do a task the more directions the teachers should give and as the child can do more and more the teacher should help less and less.
Reason (R): Intelligence cannot be accurately measured by calculating IQ.
Choose the correct option.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why: (A) describes scaffolding: more help at first, less help later. (R), that IQ cannot measure intelligence fully, is also true. But (R) does not explain (A).

28.Which of the following characterise the process of socialization?
(a) It is a linear process.
(b) It is a complex process.
(c) It is a multidimensional process.
(d) It takes place uniquely in different cultures.

(1) (a), (b)
(2) (b), (c)
(3) (b), (c), (d)
(4) (a), (b), (c), (d)

Why: Socialisation is complex and has many dimensions. It differs from culture to culture. It is not a linear process.

29.Assertion (A): There is no objectively definable moment when a child enters middle childhood or adolescence.
Reason (R): Development is continuous in nature.
Choose the correct option.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why: Development is continuous. So there is no exact moment when a child enters middle childhood or adolescence. (R) explains (A).

30.An elementary school teacher can strongly influence students’ development of academic self-concept by:

(1) Keeping very low expectations from all students
(2) Punishing autonomy and initiative in students
(3) Rewarding autonomy and initiative in students
(4) Keeping very low expectations from special students

Why: Rewarding children’s autonomy and initiative builds their confidence. This shapes a positive academic self-concept.

31.Read the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) carefully:
Assertion (A): In 1960, the bilingual state of Bombay was divided into separate states for Marathi and Gujarati speaking people.
Reason (R): In 1966, the state of Punjab was also divided into two States Punjab for Punjabi speakers and Haryana for Haryanavi or Hindi speakers.
Choose the correct option of the following:

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A)
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not explain (A)
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false
(4) (A) is false but (R) is true

Why: Both are true. Bombay was divided into Maharashtra and Gujarat in 1960, and Punjab and Haryana were formed in 1966. But the 1966 split is a separate event. It does not explain the 1960 split.

32.Ladakh is also called Little Tibet due to:
(a) Geographical proximity
(b) Religious similarity
(c) Similar cuisines
(d) Linguistic similarity
Choose the correct options:

(1) (a), (b) and (c)
(2) (b), (c) and (d)
(3) (a), (b) and (d)
(4) (a), (b), (c) and (d)

Why: The CBSE key credits (b), (c) and (d). Ladakh is called Little Tibet because its religion (Buddhism), food and language are like those of Tibet.

33.Which of the following ideas was questioned by people from the seventh century onwards?

(1) Only human beings pass through countless cycles of births.
(2) All human beings are equal at the time of birth.
(3) One could break the cycle of rebirth through personal effort.
(4) Social privileges are a result of one’s birth.

Why: From the seventh century onwards, many people questioned the idea that a person’s social privileges come from his birth.

34.The atmosphere is a thin layer of air surrounding the Earth. What keeps the air to remain around the earth?

(1) Gravitational force of the Earth
(2) Heat of the sun
(3) Rocks and oceans on the earth
(4) Gravitational force of moon

Why: The gravitational force of the Earth pulls the air and holds the atmosphere around the Earth.

35.Read the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) carefully:
Assertion (A): It was during Shah Jahan’s reign that the different elements of Mughal architecture were fused together in a grand harmonious synthesis.
Reason (R): His reign witnessed a huge amount of construction activity especially in Agra and Delhi.
Choose the correct option of the following:

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A)
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not explain (A)
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false
(4) (A) is false but (R) is true

Why: Shah Jahan built a lot in Agra and Delhi, such as the Taj Mahal and the Red Fort. Through these buildings the different elements of Mughal architecture were blended. So (R) explains (A).

36.Our solar family consists of following celestial bodies:

(1) Constellations, Planets, Sun
(2) Satellites, Planets, Pole star
(3) Sun, Planets, Satellites, Asteroids, Meteroites
(4) Planets, Satellites, Asteroids, Saptarishi

Why: The solar family has the Sun, planets, satellites, asteroids and meteoroids. Constellations, the Pole Star and Saptarishi are stars outside the solar system.

37.Read the statements (A) and (B) carefully:
(A): In 1817, James Mill published ‘A History of British India’ in three volumes.
(B): In this he divided Indian history into three periods - Ancient, Medieval and Modern.
Choose the correct option of the following:

(1) Both (A) and (B) are true
(2) Both (A) and (B) are false
(3) (A) is true but (B) is false
(4) (A) is false but (B) is true

Why: James Mill’s ‘A History of British India’ came out in 1817 in three volumes. So (A) is true. He divided Indian history into Hindu, Muslim and British periods, not Ancient, Medieval and Modern. So (B) is false.

38.Railway network is now extensively being built in mountainous areas. Select the most suitable reason.

(1) It is easy to construct railways in mountains.
(2) Mountains are highly eroded.
(3) Mountain people are making railways.
(4) There are advanced technological developments to enable it.

Why: Railways are now built in hills because of advanced technology like tunnels and strong bridges.

39.Read the statements (A) and (B) carefully:
(A): In 1770, a terrible famine killed ten million people in Bengal.
(B): About one-third of the population was wiped out.
Choose the correct option of the following:

(1) Both (A) and (B) are true
(2) Both (A) and (B) are false
(3) (A) is true but (B) is false
(4) (A) is false but (B) is true

Why: The Bengal famine of 1770 killed about one crore (ten million) people. This was about one-third of the population. Both are true.

40.Choose the statements that explain the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin in Indian subcontinent.
(a) Coniferous forests grow in this region.
(b) The Basin lies in sub-tropical region.
(c) The area is dominated by Monsoon climate.
(d) The basin area has a varied topography.
Choose the correct option:

(1) (a), (b), (c)
(2) (b), (c), (d)
(3) (a), (b), (d)
(4) (a), (c), (d)

Why: The Ganga-Brahmaputra basin is sub-tropical, has a monsoon climate and has varied landforms. Coniferous forests are not typical of this basin.

41.The book ‘Stripurushtulna’ was written by which one of the following reformer?

(1) Pandita Ramabai
(2) Veerasalingam Pantulu
(3) Tarabai Shinde
(4) E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker (Periyar)

Why: Tarabai Shinde wrote ‘Stripurushtulna’. It criticised the social differences between men and women.

42.The earliest evidence of growing crops like wheat and barley are located in which one of the following places?
Choose the correct option.

(1) Garo hills
(2) Malabar hills
(3) Sulaiman and Kirthar hills
(4) Nilgiri hills

Why: The earliest evidence of wheat and barley comes from the Sulaiman and Kirthar hills (Mehrgarh) in the north-west.

43.Reasons and Assertions:
Assertion (A): Stereotypes prevent people from doing certain things that they are good at.
Reason (R): Stereotypes stop us from recognizing unique qualities and skills in individuals and fit them into one pattern.
Choose the correct option:

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false
(4) (A) is false but (R) is true

Why: Stereotypes fit everyone of a group into one pattern. So we fail to see a person’s own skills, and the person may be stopped from doing what he is good at. (R) explains (A).

44.Which of following two gases make up the bulk of the Atmosphere?

(1) Nitrogen and Hydrogen
(2) Carbondioxide and Oxygen
(3) Nitrogen and Oxygen
(4) Ozone and Helium

Why: Nitrogen (about 78%) and oxygen (about 21%) make up most of the air.

45.Read the statements (A) and (B) carefully:
(A): The Veda Samaj was established in Madras in 1864.
(B): It was inspired by the Arya Samaj.
Choose the correct option:

(1) Both (A) and (B) are true
(2) Both (A) and (B) are false
(3) (A) is true but (B) is false
(4) (A) is false but (B) is true

Why: The Veda Samaj was set up in Madras in 1864. So (A) is true. It was inspired by the Brahmo Samaj, not the Arya Samaj. So (B) is false.

46.The Child Marriage Restraint Act was passed in 1929. According to this Act, what was the respective minimum age approved for marriage, for men and women?

(1) 20 years and 18 years
(2) 18 years and 16 years
(3) 21 years and 18 years
(4) 17 years and 15 years

Why: The Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929 fixed the minimum age of marriage at 18 for men and 16 for women.

47.India and Bangladesh are leading producers of jute. Choose the correct statements that support growth of jute.
(a) It grows well in alluvial soil.
(b) It requires high temperature.
(c) It requires low temperature and low rainfall.
(d) It requires heavy rainfall and humidity.
Choose the correct options:

(1) (a), (b), (c) are correct
(2) (a), (b), (d) are correct
(3) (b), (c), (d) are correct
(4) (a), (c), (d) are correct

Why: Jute grows well in alluvial soil. It needs high temperature, heavy rainfall and humid weather.

48.Winds blow dry leaves down the pavement. How do winds blow?

(1) Movement of air from high pressure area to low pressure area.
(2) Movement of air from low pressure area to high pressure areas.
(3) Movement of condensed air.
(4) Movement of plants and animals.

Why: Wind is the movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure.

49.Torrid Zone on Earth receives maximum heat as:

(1) it is land locked
(2) it is bounded by oceans
(3) the mid-day sun is exactly overhead
(4) rays of the sun are slanting here

Why: In the torrid zone, the mid-day sun is overhead at least once a year. Its rays fall straight, so it gets the most heat.

50.Lines drawn on a globe are known as latitudes and longitudes. What purpose do these lines serve?

(1) To make designs on globe
(2) To locate places on earth
(3) To beautify the globe
(4) They are furrows on earth and indicate physical features of the earth

Why: Latitudes and longitudes form a grid on the globe. With their help we can find the exact location of any place.

51.Which one of the following is not true regarding Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA).
Choose the correct option:

(1) Bhagat Singh and his comrades founded this organisation.
(2) It was founded in 1928 at Firozeshah Kotla in Delhi.
(3) It was founded in 1928 at Amritsar in Punjab.
(4) Members of the HSRA assassinated Saunders, a police officer.

Why: The HSRA was founded in 1928 at Ferozeshah Kotla in Delhi, not in Amritsar. So option 3 is not true.

52.Read the assertion (A) and reason (R) carefully:
Assertion (A): The Mahalwari settlement for revenue collection was introduced by Holt Mackenzie.
Reason (R): The charge of collecting the revenue and paying it to the company was given to the village headman, rather than the Zamindar.
Choose the correct option of the following:

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A)
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not explain (A)
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false
(4) (A) is false but (R) is true

Why: Holt Mackenzie started the Mahalwari system. The village headman collected the revenue instead of the zamindar. Both are true, but the key says (R) only describes it and does not explain (A).

53.Which of the following statements help in sustainable development with reference to present day resource availability?
(a) Reducing consumption of resources
(b) Increasing resource use
(c) Recycling resources
(d) Reusing things
Choose the correct options:

(1) (a), (c), (d)
(2) (a), (b), (c)
(3) (b), (c), (d)
(4) (a), (b), (d)

Why: Sustainable development means reducing, reusing and recycling resources. Increasing resource use goes against it.

54.‘Periyapuranam’, a Tamil work informs us about whom?

(1) Kings and queens
(2) Scholars and poets
(3) Ordinary men and women
(4) Soldiers and military generals

Why: The ‘Periyapuranam’ is a Tamil work. It tells us about the lives of ordinary men and women.

55.What makes an object or substance a resource?

(1) Purification
(2) Utility or usability
(3) Extraction
(4) Discovery of object

Why: A thing becomes a resource when it has utility, that is, when it can be used to meet our needs.

56.The prairies are known as ‘Granaries of the World’. Select the conditions that help in production of surplus wheat in this region.
(a) People do not use technology here.
(b) People are very hardworking here.
(c) Scientific methods of cultivation are used here.
(d) There is a lack of rainfall in this region.
Choose the correct option:

(1) (a) and (b) are correct
(2) (b) and (c) are correct
(3) (a) and (d) are correct
(4) (c) and (d) are correct

Why: Prairie farmers use scientific methods and machines and work hard. So they produce surplus wheat. The prairies do get enough rainfall for wheat.

57.The true representative model of our Earth is:

(1) Map
(2) Satellite image
(3) Rugby ball
(4) Globe

Why: A globe is a true model of the earth. It shows the correct shape, sizes and directions.

58.Read the assertion (A) and reason (R) carefully:
Assertion (A): Tribes have rich and unique cultural traditions including their own language and music etc.
Reason (R): Land, forests, grasslands and water are regarded as the wealth of the entire tribe and everybody shares and uses these together.
Choose the correct option of the following:

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A)
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not explains (A)
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false
(4) (A) is false but (R) is true

Why: Tribes have a rich culture with their own language and music. They also share land and forests as common wealth. Both are true, but (R) does not explain (A).

59.The diseases that spread from one person to another through water, food, air etc. are called as:

(1) Genetic diseases
(2) Communicable diseases
(3) Acquired diseases
(4) Congenital diseases

Why: Diseases that spread from one person to another through air, water or food are communicable diseases.

60.Read the assertion (A) and reason (R) carefully:
Assertion (A): Dadabhai Naoroji, one of the great leader of Indian National Congress, never become the President of INC.
Reason (R): He was a businessman and publicist settled in London and for sometime a member of the British Parliament.
Choose the correct option of the following:

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A)
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not explain (A)
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false
(4) (A) is false but (R) is true

Why: Dadabhai Naoroji was President of the Congress three times (1886, 1893 and 1906). So (A) is false. He lived in London and was a member of the British Parliament, so (R) is true.

61.Assertion (A): Teaching of social studies is important at the elementary stage.
Reason (R): It sensitises the child to social issues and develops in him/her a respect for difference and diversity.
Choose the correct option from the following:

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A)
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not explain (A)
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false
(4) (A) is false but (R) is true

Why: Social studies makes children aware of social issues and teaches respect for diversity. That is why it is important at the elementary stage. (R) explains (A).

62.Reasons and Assertions:
Assertion (A): Many cases of farmer’s suicides have been reported from villages in India.
Reason (R): Failure of Monsoons and inability to repay loans leads to distress among farmers.
Choose the correct option:

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false
(4) (A) is false but (R) is true

Why: Crop failure due to poor monsoon and loans that cannot be repaid cause great distress. This has led to many farmer suicides. (R) explains (A).

63.Identify the immediate measures which ensure women’s safety and enable them to take up jobs, support family income and in becoming self-reliant.
(a) Provision of child-care centres
(b) Reservation of seats for women in parliament
(c) Provision of occupational safety
(d) Pick and drop facility for night shifts
Choose the correct option:

(1) (a), (b) and (c)
(2) (a), (c) and (d)
(3) (a), (b) and (d)
(4) (a), (b), (c) and (d)

Why: Child-care centres, safety at work and pick-and-drop for night shifts directly help women take up jobs safely. Reservation in Parliament is not an immediate workplace measure.

64.Which of the following statements are true about inquiry approach?
(a) It encourages problem solving skills.
(b) It helps find ways to gather and evaluate evidence.
(c) Teacher decides the pace of learning.
(d) It is a quick way of learning.
Choose the most appropriate option:

(1) (a) and (c)
(2) (b), (c) and (d)
(3) (a), (c) and (d)
(4) (a) and (b)

Why: The inquiry approach builds problem-solving skills and teaches how to collect and check evidence. Learners set the pace, and it is not a quick method.

65.Identify a skill-based objective of teaching social sciences from the following options.

(1) To understand the cultures of people living in different societies
(2) To develop an ability to draw a map
(3) To develop a respect for difference and diversity
(4) To acquire knowledge of continents

Why: Drawing a map is a skill. The other options are about knowledge or attitudes.

66.Consider the following Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and choose the correct option:
Assertion (A): The disciplines that make up the social science are history, geography, political science and economics.
Reason (R): There is interrelationship between the disciplines.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A)
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not explains (A)
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false
(4) (A) is false but (R) is true

Why: CBSE accepted options 1 and 2. History, geography, political science and economics make up social science, and these subjects are linked with one another.

67.While evaluating social science the following questions will help to understand its objectives:
(a) What skills are emphasised in the syllabus?
(b) Is it derived from a standard text or combination of texts?
(c) How detailed is the outline of syllabus?
(d) What level of competence is demanded of learner on each social science skill?
Choose the correct option:

(1) (a) and (b)
(2) (a) and (d)
(3) (a), (b) and (c)
(4) (a), (b) and (d)

Why: To understand the objectives, we should ask which skills the syllabus stresses and how much competence it expects in each skill. So (a) and (d).

68.The Indian judiciary upholds the rule of law, without any fear or external influence, and maintains effective control over the actions of the government because of:

(1) Supremacy of judiciary in India
(2) Independence of judiciary in India
(3) Judicial activism
(4) Democratic values enshrined in Indian Constitution

Why: The judiciary can act without fear or pressure because it is independent. It is not under the control of the legislature or the executive.

69.Which of the following is not a characteristic of continuous comprehensive evaluation?

(1) It makes evaluation an integral part of the teaching-learning process.
(2) It focuses on all-round development of the child’s personality.
(3) It includes an assessment of scholastic as well as co-scholastic aspects of the students growth.
(4) It focuses on marks based evaluation of student’s work.

Why: CCE assesses all-round growth, including co-scholastic areas, as a part of daily teaching. Marks-based evaluation is not its main feature.

70.Many workshops and factories located in industrial areas employ casual workers because:
(a) They can hire and fire them according to their convenience.
(b) They save on salaries and other job benefits which are paid to the permanent workers.
(c) Casual workers work long hours without demanding overtime wages.
(d) Casual workers are more hard working as compared to permanent ones.
Choose the correct option:

(1) (a), (b) and (c)
(2) (b), (c) and (d)
(3) (a), (b) and (d)
(4) (a), (b), (c) and (d)

Why: Employers prefer casual workers because they can hire and fire them easily, save on benefits and make them work long hours without overtime pay. They are not more hardworking than permanent workers.

71.Fill in the blank with correct option. An alert and vigilant public is necessary for developing a strong __________.

(1) Monarchy
(2) Democracy
(3) Oligarchy
(4) Autocracy

Why: Democracy becomes strong when people are alert and keep a watch on the government.

72.In Indian secularism, the state maintains a “Principled distance” with respect to religion. This means that:
(a) State could interfere in religious matters on the basis of ideals laid out in the Constitution.
(b) State and religion can interfere in each other’s matters.
(c) State and religion cannot transgress each other’s boundaries.
(d) State can regulate religious affairs when need arises.
Choose the correct option:

(1) (a) and (b)
(2) (b) and (d)
(3) (a) and (d)
(4) (c) and (d)

Why: Principled distance means the state may step into religious matters, guided by the ideals of the Constitution, when there is a need. So (a) and (d) are correct.

73.Assertion and
Reason:
Assertion (A): Open-book exams shift the focus away from rote learning to a more involved engagement with the textbook.
Reason (R): Open-book exams reduce the burden of students as they don’t need to prepare for the exam beforehand.
Choose the correct option:

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(3) Only (A) is true
(4) Only (R) is true

Why: Open-book exams test understanding, not memory, so (A) is true. Students still have to prepare well. So (R) is false.

74.Following are some questions/comments that you have received from your students in a class. Which question reflects the student’s ability to critically look at the issue of poverty and inequality?

(1) Why is it that luxury cars and beggars can both be seen at traffic signals?
(2) Why can’t poor people work harder to improve their lives?
(3) When will India become developed and get rid of poverty?
(4) Why does government give free goods to the poor? Won’t it make them lazy?

Why: Asking why luxury cars and beggars are seen at the same signal shows critical thinking about inequality. The other questions blame the poor or are simple.

75.Which of the following statements is irrelevant representation of diagnostic evaluation?

(1) They are used for comparing the learning achievements of all the students in class.
(2) They are conducted during the instructional process.
(3) They help to identify learning difficulties.
(4) They are usually followed by remedial classes.

Why: Diagnostic tests find out each learner’s difficulties so that remedial teaching can follow. They are not used to compare all students.

76.At which stage of school education as per NCF 2005, are social science topics independently introduced to students in textbooks?
Choose the correct option of the following.

(1) Primary Stage
(2) Upper Primary Stage
(3) Secondary Stage
(4) Higher Secondary Stage

Why: According to NCF 2005, social science subjects like history, geography and political science are introduced as separate topics at the upper primary stage. At the primary stage it is part of EVS.

77.Which of the following is true about sources?
(a) They are more concrete in nature
(b) They are all historical in nature
(c) They are objective
(d) They include accounts of eye witness and personal letters
Choose the correct option:

(1) (a) and (d)
(2) (a) and (b)
(3) (a), (b) and (c)
(4) (a), (c) and (d)

Why: Sources are concrete things such as letters and eye-witness accounts. Not all sources are historical, and not all are objective. So (a) and (d).

78.Which of the following classroom activities will help students critically look at the role of media in society?
(a) Asking students to have a classroom discussion on the topic ‘can the govt. prevent certain news from being aired on T.V? Why might it do so?’
(b) Asking students to bring clippings from different newspapers on the same issue and make comparisons regarding how they have reported it.
(c) Asking students to collect news items they have received in whatsapp groups or through social media platforms and using them as pedagogic resources.
Choose the correct option:

(1) (a) and (b)
(2) (a) and (c)
(3) (b) and (c)
(4) (a), (b) and (c)

Why: Discussing whether the government can stop news, and comparing reports from different newspapers, help students think critically about media. Forwarded messages are not reliable sources.

79.For teaching which of the following topics, a tree chart would be best suited?

(1) To give summary of reign of a ruler
(2) To illustrate the hierarchy of historical events in a particular era, such as wars, revolutions or social movements
(3) To teach modern history
(4) Distribution of demographic variables such as age, gender, race etc

Why: A tree chart shows how things branch out from a main point. It is best for showing the hierarchy of events in an era.

80.Which of the following resources/strategies can make a social science classroom inclusive?

(1) Display of stories and photos of people from various communities and regions.
(2) Teaching only dominant views of society.
(3) Avoiding examples from immediate environment.
(4) Encouraging only answers from textbooks.

Why: Displaying stories and pictures of people from different communities makes every child feel included.

81.It is possible that there might be students belonging to marginalised sections in your class. So, when you are talking about the notion of marginalisation, which of the following things should you keep in mind before introducing the topic?
(a) Taking names of particular communities might cause discomfort to those belonging to those communities.
(b) Such issues need to be handled with sensitivity.
(c) Some students might feel shame in talking about their experiences of discrimination.
(d) Students should be forced to share their experiences.
Choose the most appropriate option:

(1) (a) and (b)
(2) (a) and (c)
(3) (a), (b) and (c)
(4) (a), (b) and (d)

Why: Marginalisation must be taught with care. Naming communities can hurt, and some students may feel ashamed. Students should never be forced to share their experiences.

82.Which of the following is/are features of a project work?
(a) They provide opportunity to the students to go beyond the textbook.
(b) A project work should ideally be done at home so that there is more time for teaching in class.
(c) A group project helps develop collaborative skills in students.
Choose the most appropriate answer:

(1) Only (a)
(2) (a) and (b)
(3) (a) and (c)
(4) (b) and (c)

Why: Projects take students beyond the textbook. Group projects build teamwork. Project work need not be done only at home.

83.What is the advantage of field work as a method of social science?

(1) Provides students first hand knowledge
(2) Develops skills of presenting, proposing and arguing
(3) Helps to memorize facts
(4) Helps in testing knowledge of the students

Why: Field work gives students first-hand knowledge of places and people.

84.Why do elections take place after a fixed time interval in democracy?
(a) To ensure accountability of the government
(b) To ensure equal political participation by the parties
(c) To encourage political debate and public dialogue
(d) It is a customary practice
Choose the correct options:

(1) (a), (b) and (c)
(2) (b), (c) and (d)
(3) (a), (b) and (d)
(4) (a), (b), (c) and (d)

Why: Regular elections keep the government accountable, give all parties an equal chance and encourage public debate. They are not just a custom.

85.Which is the best method to teach the concept of ‘Insolation’?

(1) Case study
(2) Brain-storming
(3) Demonstration
(4) Survey

Why: Insolation (heat from the sun) can be shown with a simple demonstration, such as a lamp and a globe. So demonstration is best.

86.The statement, ‘The Indian Constitution provides safeguards to religious and linguistic minorities as part of Fundamental Rights’ infers that:
(a) it protects minorities against possible cultural domination by the majority.
(b) it protects minorities from any discrimination by the majority.
(c) it safeguards minority interests.
(d) it guarantees economic opportunities to minorities.
Choose the correct option:

(1) (a), (b) and (c)
(2) (b), (c) and (d)
(3) (a), (b) and (d)
(4) (a), (b), (c) and (d)

Why: These rights protect minorities from domination and discrimination by the majority and safeguard their interests. They do not promise economic opportunities.

87.Which of the following is most appropriate for reducing curricular load of Social Science syllabus?
(a) Minimising the emphasis on memorizing facts and focus on comprehension.
(b) Focusing on conceptual clarity.
(c) Skipping certain topics from the textbook based on exam directives and teacher’s lacks of familiarity with the theme.
Choose the correct option:

(1) (a), (b) and (c)
(2) Only (a) and (b)
(3) Only (b) and (c)
(4) Only (a) and (c)

Why: Curricular load is reduced by stressing understanding and concepts instead of memorising. Skipping topics is not the right way.

88.Two Fundamental Rights which the marginalized groups can invoke, to insist that they be treated with dignity and as equals, are:
(a) Right to Equality
(b) Cultural and Educational Rights
(c) Right against Exploitation
(d) Right to Liberty
Choose the correct answers:

(1) (a) and (b)
(2) (b) and (c)
(3) (c) and (d)
(4) (a) and (d)

Why: The Right to Equality and Cultural and Educational Rights help marginalised groups claim dignity and equal treatment.

89.Consider the following assessment questions (A) and (B) related to the working of the state government.
(A): What is the purpose of a press conference? How is it different from a Legislative Assembly debate?
(B): What is the term used to refer to elected representatives who are not members of the ruling party and who play the role of questioning govt. decisions?
Choose the correct option:

(1) (A) tests conceptual knowledge whereas (B) tests factual knowledge.
(2) (A) tests factual knowledge whereas (B) tests conceptual knowledge.
(3) Both (A) and (B) test conceptual knowledge.
(4) Both (A) and (B) test factual knowledge.

Why: Question (A) asks about purpose and difference, so it tests concepts. Question (B) asks for a term (the opposition), so it tests facts.

90.The distinctiveness of Adivasi societies is attributed to:
(a) prevalence of caste system
(b) practice of a range of tribal religions distinct from other prevalent religions
(c) distinct language use
(d) presence of little hierarchy
Choose the correct option:

(1) (a), (b) and (c)
(2) (b), (c) and (d)
(3) (a), (b) and (d)
(4) (a), (b), (c) and (d)

Why: Adivasi societies are distinct because they follow their own religions, speak their own languages and have little hierarchy. They do not have a caste system.

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow. (91-99)

1. We were walking across the garden when my daughter spotted a cluster of familiar red flowers. She pulled me to one side and then, looking excitedly at me as though she had a secret to share, she pulled me down to her height and whispered in my ears. I shot up straight almost as soon as she had finished her sentence. With my mouth ajar, I was about to tell her that it was probably not a good idea to do so when I was transported to the time when I was around her age.

2. It had been a rather long day from school and I was dead tired. I was walking along the pathway that was lined with many ixora plants when my friend grabbed me by the arm. Before I could do anything, he gleefully plucked a single flower from the cluster and showed it to me. Unimpressed, I was not about to be swayed by a puny flower and was about to admonish him when he turned the flower upside down to show me a tiny almost invisible thread-like thing that protruded out from its stalk.

3. He pulled the faint yellowish thread and right at the end of it, a tiny drop of nectar appeared. At least, that was what I think it was, as it was really quite sweet. That day we raided the ixora plants. We really had a lot of fun. I can still taste the sweetness till today. My daughter’s urgent tug brought me back to reality. I turned to my daughter and decided that she too needed to know the joy of tasting sweet nectar from beautiful blooms.

91.Identify the parts of speech of the underlined words.
I was transported to the time when I was around her age.

(1) noun, verb
(2) adjective, preposition
(3) noun, preposition
(4) noun, adverb

Why: ‘Time’ is the name of a thing, so it is a noun. ‘Around’ shows the relation between ‘I was’ and ‘her age’, so it is a preposition here.

92.From the given anecdote, one can assume that the 2 characters shared the relationship of:

(1) best friends
(2) mother and daughter
(3) school-mates
(4) grandmother and grand-child

Why: The narrator says ‘my daughter’ and is pulled down to her height. So they are mother and daughter.

93.‘to be transported in time’ means __________.

(1) travel backwards
(2) to indulge in time travel
(3) recollect memories of the past
(4) to take future decisions

Why: The mother remembers her own childhood. ‘Transported in time’ here means recollecting memories of the past.

94.‘I was about to admonish him ....’. The underlined word can be replaced by the word -

(1) appreciate
(2) reprimand
(3) refuse
(4) cajole

Why: ‘Admonish’ means to scold or warn someone. ‘Reprimand’ has the same meaning.

95.Complete the word analogy:
cluster : bunch : : puny : ___?___

(1) delicate
(2) colourful
(3) prickly
(4) long-stalked

Why: Cluster and bunch mean the same. So we need a word with the same meaning as ‘puny’, which means small and weak. ‘Delicate’ is the closest.

96.In para 1, according to the mother it was not a good idea to:

(1) taste sweet nectar from flowers
(2) raid the ixora plants
(3) walk in the garden the whole day long
(4) walk along the pathway alone

Why: The daughter whispered her secret: to taste nectar from the flowers. The mother first felt it was not a good idea.

97.‘To be dead tired’ does not mean -

(1) to feel too tired to walk
(2) to be exhausted
(3) to be completely exhausted
(4) to feel refreshed

Why: ‘Dead tired’ means very tired or exhausted. It does not mean feeling refreshed.

98.Read the following sentences:
Assertion (A): The child was excited to share a secret with her mother.
Reason (R): The mother was in disbelief and went down memory lane.

(1) (A) is correct, but (R) is incorrect
(2) Both (A) and (R) are correct
(3) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(4) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Why: The child was excited to share her secret. Hearing it, the mother was surprised and went back to her own childhood. The key takes (R) as the explanation of (A).

99.Read the following sentences:
(a) The writer is traumatised by the memories of her childhood.
(b) The daughter’s secret brings back nostalgic memories of the school days.
(c) The writer wants her child to be connected to the sweet pleasures of nature.

(1) (a) and (c) are correct, (b) is incorrect
(2) (b) and (c) are incorrect, (a) is correct
(3) (a) and (b) are correct, (c) is incorrect
(4) (b) and (c) are correct, (a) is incorrect

Why: The writer remembers her school days happily, so (b) is correct. She wants her daughter to know the joy of tasting nectar, so (c) is correct. She is not traumatised, so (a) is wrong.

My tea is nearly ready and the sun has left the sky;
Its time to take the window to see Leerie going by;
For every night at tea time and before you take your seat,
With lantern and with ladder he comes posting up the street.

Now Tom would be a driver and Maria may go to the sea;
And my papa’s a banker and as rich as he can be;
But I, when I’m stronger and choose what I’m to do,
O Leerie, I’ll go around at night and light the lamps with you

For we are very lucky, with a lamp before the door;
And Leerie stops to light it as he lights so many more;
And O! Before you hurry by with ladder and with light,
O Leerie, see a little child and nod to him tonight!

100.Why does the poet consider himself to be fortunate?

(1) He has a rich banker father.
(2) He doesn’t have to light other peoples’ doors.
(3) He has light at night by his door.
(4) He is strong and doesn’t have to make a choice in life.

Why: The poet says ‘we are very lucky, with a lamp before the door’. So he is fortunate to have a light at his door at night.

101.The phrase, ‘the sun has left the sky’ indicates that -

(1) it is morning
(2) it is forenoon
(3) it is afternoon
(4) it is evening time

Why: When the sun has left the sky, it is evening. The child is about to have his evening tea.

102.Read the following sentences:
(a) The poet occasionally has a light outside his door.
(b) The poet wants to be a banker like his father when he grows up.
(c) The poet is fascinated by the lamp lighter’s profession.

(1) (a) and (c) are correct, (b) is incorrect
(2) (b) and (c) are correct, (a) is incorrect
(3) (a) and (b) are incorrect, (c) is correct
(4) (a) and (b) are correct, (c) is incorrect

Why: The lamp is at his door every night, not occasionally, so (a) is incorrect. He wants to be a lamplighter, not a banker, so (b) is incorrect. He is fascinated by Leerie’s work, so (c) is correct.

103.With reference to the poem, complete the word analogy:
Leerie : lamplighter : : father : ___?___

(1) rich businessman
(2) driver
(3) sailor
(4) banker

Why: Leerie’s work is lamp lighting. The poet’s father (‘papa’) is a banker.

104.Identify the rhyme scheme in lines 5 - 8.

(1) abba
(2) aabb
(3) abab
(4) aaba

Why: Lines 5 to 8 end in sea/be and do/you. The first two rhyme and the next two rhyme. So the scheme is aabb.

105.The poet looks at the lamp-lighter’s profession with -

(1) wonder
(2) jealousy
(3) curiosity
(4) confusion

Why: The child admires Leerie and wants to do his work one day. He looks at the profession with wonder.

106.Malayalam spoken by a particular community in Kozhikodi is slightly different from the Malayalam spoken by others in the same place. What is the Malayalam spoken by the particular community known as?

(1) Two varieties of Malayalam
(2) Regional dialect of Malayalam
(3) Social dialect of Malayalam
(4) They are two different languages

Why: A form of a language spoken by a particular community or social group is a social dialect. A regional dialect differs from place to place.

107.Following learning task was given to learners in different groups. Find out what is this vocabulary learning activity known as.
Find words and phrases which relate to the following words.
( Family ) ( Relationship ) ( Feeling )

(1) Thematic Vocabulary
(2) Word clusters
(3) Cluster Vocabulary
(4) Word Web

Why: Finding words related to themes like family, relationship and feeling is thematic vocabulary building.

108.The language we use for day-to-day, face-to-face interaction is known as:

(1) Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP)
(2) Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS)
(3) Communicative language skills
(4) Interpersonal language proficiency

Why: The language used in everyday face-to-face talk is BICS (Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills). CALP is academic language.

109.A teacher at the secondary stage gives a text/short story and asks them to read and discuss the meaning and ideas of the text from the point of view of power and justice. What does the teacher attempt to develop in the learners?

(1) Critical literacy skills
(2) Critical pedagogy
(3) Critical language development
(4) Higher order language skills

Why: Reading a text from the angle of power and justice is critical literacy.

110.Procedural knowledge in the teaching-learning grammar is __________.

(1) knowing how to do the grammatical item.
(2) knowledge about the grammatical item.
(3) knowing the rules of the grammatical item.
(4) knowing the language and its culture.

Why: Procedural knowledge is knowing how to use a grammar item. Knowing about it is declarative knowledge.

111.A teacher of Class VII conducts a pair work activity in which the pairs are given a story of ten sentences. One in the pair reads out the first sentences and the other in the pair writes that sentence. Then other in the pair read out second sentence and the first in the pair writes the second sentence. Likewise the pairs complete the whole story. Later they compare their writing with the original text given to them. What is this activity known as?

(1) Mutual Writing
(2) Mutual Listening
(3) Sentence Dictation
(4) Mutual Dictation

Why: Partners take turns to read out and write each other’s sentences. This is mutual dictation.

112.Which of the following is NOT true of Sign Language?

(1) Sign language has many varieties.
(2) Sign language is a natural language.
(3) Sign language does not have a grammar.
(4) Sign language has a grammar.

Why: Sign language is a full natural language with its own grammar. So ‘it does not have a grammar’ is not true.

113.Which one of the following is true of the three language formula?

(1) Mother tongue/home language/regional language as the first language.
(2) English/Hindi/home language/local language as the first language.
(3) Mother tongue/home language/Hindi as the first language.
(4) Mother tongue/home language/English as the first language.

Why: Under the three-language formula, the first language is the mother tongue, home language or regional language.

114.Remedial teaching is for:

(1) learners who need attention on certain aspects of language learning.
(2) teachers who need to modify their teaching for certain student to learn the language.
(3) learners and teachers to understand and modify/improve their teaching/learning strategies.
(4) learners and teachers to enhance the scores in the examination in language paper.

Why: Remedial teaching helps both learners and teachers. It helps them understand and improve their learning and teaching strategies.

115.A method of teaching in which a teacher and four students form a collaborative learning group with different roles. Dialogues occur on the content of the text passage, which creates a zone of proximal development in which reading comprehension improves. This method is referred to as:

(1) Grammar Translation Method
(2) Reciprocal Teaching
(3) Structural Approach
(4) Model Reading

Why: In reciprocal teaching, the teacher and students take turns to lead a dialogue on the text. This improves reading comprehension.

116.A language teacher tells a story in English and asks learners to work in group to tell the story in the languages known to them and then in the common language of the classroom. What is this pedagogical strategy known as?

(1) Translanguaging
(2) Multilingual policy
(3) Multilanguage teaching
(4) Language acquisition

Why: Using all the languages learners know, along with the class language, is translanguaging.

117.A learner reads through the news item in the newspaper to know specific information. This reading is known as ____________.

(1) Critical reading
(2) Skimming
(3) Scanning
(4) Study skill

Why: Reading quickly to find a particular piece of information is scanning.

118.What is ‘interlingual identification’?

(1) Learner’s judgment that something in the native language and something in the target language are similar.
(2) Learner’s judgment that something in the native language and something in the target language are dissimilar.
(3) Learner’s judgment that the knowledge of the native language interferes in the learning of second language.
(4) Learner’s understanding that learning of different languages warrants different abilities.

Why: Interlingual identification is when a learner judges that something in the mother tongue and something in the new language are the same.

119.Shreya is a Class VI learner who moves from the Jalander in Punjab to Madurai in Tamil Nadu as her father has been transferred. She knows Punjabi as her mother tongue and English language she studies as her second language in school. She is able to speak and read Tamil learning from her neighbourhood. Which one of the following statements is true based on the languages she now knows?

(1) Her Punjabi and Tamil come under language acquisition and English comes under language learning.
(2) Her Tamil comes under language acquisition and English and Punjabi come under language learning.
(3) All the three languages, Punjabi, Tamil and English under language learning.
(4) Her English comes under language acquisition and Punjabi and Tamil come under language learning.

Why: Shreya picked up Punjabi and Tamil naturally from her surroundings. That is acquisition. She studies English formally in school. That is learning.

120.Which of the following is NOT the purpose of extensive reading?

(1) Reading for appreciation
(2) Reading for extrapolation
(3) Reading for learning grammar
(4) Reading for pleasure

Why: Extensive reading is reading a lot for pleasure and understanding. Learning grammar is not its aim.

निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर पूछे गए प्रश्नों के सही/सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त विकल्प का चयन कीजिए। (121-128)

हाल ही में मेडिकल इंडस्ट्री के एक जानकार दावा कर रहे हैं कि भविष्य में डॉक्टरों सर्जनों की जरूरत भी कम होने वाली है। एआई के जरिए लक्षणों को समझा जाएगा। आपकी केस हिस्ट्री एआई को पता होगी। ताजा हालत पूछ ली जाएगी और प्रिस्क्रिप्शन आपके हाथ में होगा। शारीरिक श्रम से जुड़े कामों पर शायद सबसे कम असर पड़ने वाला है। यह समझने का वक्त है कि एआई से फायदे होंगे या नुकसान। अभी तो इस नकली बुद्धिमत्ता को इंसान ने ही जन्म दिया है। उसका नियंत्रण है, लेकिन एआई वरदान ही रहे और भस्मासुर न बने, उसके लिए यह सोचने की जरूरत भी है कि मानवीय बुद्धिमत्ता के स्तर को इतना ऊँचा कैसे उठाया जाए कि एआई उस पर हावी न हो सके। अब अगर चैट जीपीटी बनाया है तो फिर पढ़ाई-लिखाई और इम्तहानों का वह तरीका कौन सा हो, जो बिना एआई के युवाओं और बच्चों के बौद्धिक स्तर को परख सके।

यह सवाल ऐसे हैं जिनके जवाब दे पाना मुश्किल है, पर नजर जरूर रखनी चाहिए। वैज्ञानिकों को भी तय करना चाहिए कि एआई ऐसी हो जो इंसानियत फैलाने में मददगार हो।

121.गद्यांश के आधार पर कहा जा सकता है कि एआई ऐसी होनी चाहिए जो:

(1) मानवीय क्षमताओं को कम करे।
(2) मानवीय गुणों का संस्कार दे।
(3) कम समय में अधिक कार्य करे।
(4) बिना बुद्धि के सारे जवाब दे दे।

Why: गद्यांश के अंत में कहा गया है कि एआई ऐसी हो जो इंसानियत फैलाने में मददगार हो। यानी वह मानवीय गुणों का संस्कार दे।

122.समूह से भिन्न शब्द है:

(1) पढ़ाई - लिखाई
(2) रात - दिन
(3) कंकड़ - पत्थर
(4) चाय - वाय

Why: पढ़ाई-लिखाई, रात-दिन और कंकड़-पत्थर में दोनों शब्द सार्थक हैं। ‘चाय-वाय’ में ‘वाय’ निरर्थक है, इसलिए यह भिन्न है।

123.‘मानवीय’ शब्द में प्रत्यय है:

(1) वीय
(2) य
(3) ईय
(4) इय

Why: मानव + ईय = मानवीय। इसमें ‘ईय’ प्रत्यय है।

124.एआई शारीरिक श्रम से जुड़े कार्यों पर संभवत: सबसे कम प्रभाव डाले। इससे कौन-सा कार्य प्रभावित नहीं होगा?

(1) चिकित्सा
(2) शिक्षण
(3) खेती-बाड़ी
(4) आविष्कार

Why: गद्यांश के अनुसार शारीरिक श्रम वाले कामों पर एआई का सबसे कम असर होगा। खेती-बाड़ी ऐसा ही काम है।

125.एआई को जन्म देने वाला कारक है:

(1) आवश्यकता
(2) तकनीक
(3) सभ्यता
(4) मानव

Why: गद्यांश कहता है कि इस नकली बुद्धिमत्ता को इंसान ने ही जन्म दिया है।

126.‘एआई’ का अर्थ है:

(1) एपल इंटेलीजेंस
(2) आर्टिफिशियल इंटेलीजेंस
(3) आर्टिफिशियल इंस्टीट्यूट
(4) एपल इंस्टीट्यूशन

Why: एआई का पूरा रूप है आर्टिफिशियल इंटेलीजेंस, यानी कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता।

127.एआई से शिक्षा जगत भी प्रभावित होगा। यह प्रभाव:

(1) नकारात्मक होगा
(2) शून्य होगा
(3) सकारात्मक होगा
(4) अधिक होगा

Why: गद्यांश में चिंता जताई गई है कि चैट जीपीटी के कारण पढ़ाई और परीक्षा का तरीका बदलना पड़ेगा। CBSE की कुंजी इस प्रभाव को नकारात्मक मानती है।

128.चिकित्सा से जुड़े कार्य करने में एआई भविष्य में क्या सहयोग करेगा?

(1) डॉक्टरों को जॉब देगा।
(2) केस हिस्ट्री बना देगा।
(3) अस्पतालों की संख्या कम कर देगा।
(4) अस्पतालों की संख्या बहुत बढ़ा देगा।

Why: गद्यांश के अनुसार एआई को आपकी केस हिस्ट्री पता होगी। यानी वह केस हिस्ट्री तैयार रखेगा।

निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर पूछे गए प्रश्नों के सही/सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त विकल्प का चयन कीजिए। (129-135)

प्रश्न उठता है कि प्राण का शरीर के साथ बेहतर तालमेल कैसे बैठाकर रखा जाए। ऐसा क्या करें कि प्राण शरीर के हर अंग की तरफ संतुलित और व्यवस्थित होकर बहे। देखा जाए तो बीमारी और कुछ भी नहीं, बल्कि प्राण का उस अंग विशेष में असंतुलित हो जाना ही है। स्वास्थ्य का अर्थ ही होता है - प्राण का समुचित तरीके से समस्त अंगों की तरफ बहना। योग में इस प्राण को बल देने के लिए अनेक अभ्यास हैं। इनके जरिए हम अपने प्राण को रोज बल दे सकते हैं और शरीर में होने वाली बीमारियों की रोकथाम कर सकते हैं। यह प्राण केवल हमारे शरीर की ही संभाल नहीं करता, यह मन, बुद्धि आदि प्रत्येक आयाम को जीवन देता रहता है।

129.जीवन के लिए सर्वाधिक महत्वपूर्ण है:

(1) योग के माध्यम से प्राणायाम करना।
(2) प्राण के माध्यम से योग करना।
(3) प्राण और शरीर का दीर्घायु होना।
(4) प्राण और शरीर का सामंजस्य।

Why: गद्यांश का मुख्य प्रश्न है कि प्राण का शरीर के साथ बेहतर तालमेल कैसे रखा जाए। अतः प्राण और शरीर का सामंजस्य सबसे महत्वपूर्ण है।

130.विशेषण शब्द का उदाहरण नहीं है:

(1) संतुलित
(2) स्वस्थ
(3) स्वास्थ्य
(4) व्यवस्थित

Why: संतुलित, स्वस्थ और व्यवस्थित विशेषण हैं। ‘स्वास्थ्य’ भाववाचक संज्ञा है।

131.प्राण वायु को सशक्त बनाने के अभ्यास _________ में है।

(1) शिक्षा
(2) योग
(3) चिकित्सक
(4) शिक्षक

Why: गद्यांश के अनुसार प्राण वायु को सशक्त बनाने के अभ्यास योग में हैं।

132.प्राण वायु शरीर के हर अंग में संतुलित और _________ होकर बहती है।

(1) व्यवस्थित
(2) अव्यवस्थित
(3) उत्तेजित
(4) मंद-मंद

Why: गद्यांश के अनुसार प्राण वायु शरीर के हर अंग में संतुलित और व्यवस्थित होकर बहती है।

133.रोग का कारण है:

(1) प्राण वायु का बहुत अधिक बढ़ जाना
(2) प्राण वायु का अंग विशेष में असंतुलन
(3) योग के माध्यम से शारीरिक शक्ति घटाना
(4) अपने शरीर की उचित देखभाल न करना

Why: जब किसी अंग विशेष में प्राण वायु असंतुलित हो जाती है, तब रोग होता है।

134.अच्छे स्वास्थ्य का संबंध _________ से है।

(1) अच्छे शरीर
(2) प्राण वायु
(3) योगाभ्यास
(4) बीमारियों के अभाव

Why: गद्यांश के अनुसार अच्छा स्वास्थ्य प्राण वायु के संतुलित प्रवाह से जुड़ा है।

135.‘बुद्धि’ में ‘इक’ प्रत्यय लगने पर शब्द बनेगा:

(1) बुद्धिक
(2) बौद्धिक
(3) बोद्धिक
(4) बौद्धीक

Why: ‘इक’ प्रत्यय लगने पर पहले स्वर की वृद्धि होती है। उ → औ। बुद्धि + इक = बौद्धिक।

136.निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सी विधि भाषा अधिगम के लिए ड्रिल और ‘भाषा के औपचारिक गुणधर्म में निपुणता’ को आवश्यक रूप की तरह अनुशंसा करती है?

(1) श्रव्य भाषावाद
(2) सम्प्रेषणात्मक भाषा शिक्षण
(3) व्याकरण अनुवाद विधि
(4) कुल भौतिक प्रतिक्रिया

Why: श्रव्य भाषावाद (ऑडियोलिंगुअलिज़्म) में मौखिक ड्रिल और भाषा के रूपों में निपुणता पर बल दिया जाता है।

137.कक्षा सात का विद्यार्थी ऐलम कन्नड़, मराठी, हिंदी और अंग्रेजी चार भाषाएँ जानता है। घर में जब वह अपने माता-पिता के साथ बात करता है तो प्रवाह के साथ चारों भाषाएँ बोलता है और विद्यालय में वह हिंदी, कन्नड़ तथा अंग्रेजी बोलता है क्योंकि उसके मित्र व अध्यापकों को यही भाषाएँ आती हैं। इस स्थिति को किस रूप में जाना जाएगा?

(1) परभाषिक (ट्रांसलिंग्युल) योग्यता
(2) कोड जाल (कोड मैशिंग)
(3) कोड से आगे जाना (कोड मूविंग)
(4) अन्तरभाषा (इंटरलैंग्युएज)

Why: ऐलम स्थिति के अनुसार अपनी चारों भाषाओं में सहजता से आता-जाता है। यह परभाषिक योग्यता है।

138.भाषा अधिगम के बारे में कौन-सा कथन सही है?

(1) सहजात/प्रथम भाषा का ज्ञान द्वितीय भाषा के अधिगम में अवरोध डालता है।
(2) सहजात/प्रथम भाषा के ज्ञान का द्वितीय भाषा अधिगम से कोई लेना-देना नहीं है।
(3) सहजात/प्रथम भाषा का ज्ञान द्वितीय भाषा के अधिगम को समर्थित करता है।
(4) प्रथम भाषा अधिगम और द्वितीय भाषा दोनों पूरी तरह से अलग-अलग हैं।

Why: प्रथम भाषा का ज्ञान दूसरी भाषा सीखने में सहायता करता है। शिक्षार्थी उससे कौशल और समझ ले आते हैं।

139.कक्षा छह की अध्यापिका शब्दावली समृद्ध करने के लिए चम्मच, प्लेट, डिब्बे, परात कक्षा में लेकर आती है। इन्हें दिखाकर वह रसोई में इस्तेमाल होने वाली वस्तुओं का विवरण लिखना चाहती है। भाषा शिक्षण के संदर्भ में इन वस्तुओं को क्या कहेंगे?

(1) शिक्षण सामग्री
(2) वास्तविक वस्तुएँ (रीयलिया)
(3) खाना पकाने के बर्तन
(4) वास्तविक जीवन के कार्य

Why: भाषा सिखाने के लिए कक्षा में लाई गई असली वस्तुओं को रीयलिया कहते हैं।

140.घोषणात्मक ज्ञान क्या है?

(1) किसी भाषा के शब्द का उच्चारण करना जानना।
(2) व्याकरणिक तत्वों के बारे में ज्ञान।
(3) व्याकरणिक तत्वों में त्रुटि की पहचान करना सीखना।
(4) किसी व्याकरणिक तत्व पर कैसे कार्य किया जाए, यह जानना।

Why: घोषणात्मक ज्ञान का अर्थ है किसी व्याकरणिक तत्व के बारे में (जैसे उसका नियम) जानना।

141.यहाँ एक ऐसी स्थिति दी जा रही है जहाँ विद्यार्थियों को विषय के प्रति समझ बनाने के लिए विषय के विपरीत वाले दृष्टिकोण से परिचित करवाया जाता है। इस प्रक्रिया द्वारा विद्यार्थियों में किसके विकास का प्रयास किया जा रहा है?

(1) समालोचनात्मक विश्लेषण
(2) प्रक्रिया आधारित शिक्षणशास्त्र
(3) समालोचनात्मक साक्षरता
(4) साक्षरता विकास

Why: विरोधी दृष्टिकोण से परिचित कराने से विद्यार्थी पाठ पर प्रश्न उठाना सीखते हैं। यह समालोचनात्मक साक्षरता है।

142.‘परभाषा व्यवहार’ (ट्रान्सलैंग्युजिंग) क्या है?

(1) भाषाओं के शिक्षण अधिगम के दौरान एक भाषा से दूसरी भाषा में व्यवहार करने से संबंधित है।
(2) भाषाएँ किस तरह से एक समय अवधि के दौरान अपना रूप बदलती हैं।
(3) एक कक्षा में एक से अधिक भाषाओं को संसाधन के रूप में इस्तेमाल करने की शिक्षण शास्त्रीय प्रक्रिया है।
(4) विद्यालय में कितनी भाषाएँ पढ़ानी चाहिए इस मुद्दे पर ‘शिक्षा नीति में भाषा’ है।

Why: कक्षा में एक से अधिक भाषाओं का संसाधन के रूप में प्रयोग करना ट्रांसलैंग्युजिंग है।

143.निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सी प्रक्रियाएँ भाषा को अच्छी तरह से लिखना सीखने में शामिल है?

(1) मानस मंथन - रूपरेखा तैयार करना - प्रारूपण - मुख्य बिन्दु नोट करना - संपादन - अन्तिम स्वरूप देना
(2) मानस मंथन - मुख्य बिन्दु नोट करना - प्रारूप लिखना - रूपरेखा तैयार करना - संपादन - अन्तिम स्वरूप देना
(3) मानस मंथन - मुख्य बिन्दु नोट करना - प्रारूप लिखना - संपादन - रूपरेखा तैयार करना - अन्तिम स्वरूप देना
(4) मानस मंथन - मुख्य बिन्दु नोट करना - रूपरेखा तैयार करना - प्रारूप लिखना - संपादन - अन्तिम स्वरूप देना

Why: अच्छे लेखन का क्रम है— विचार मंथन, बिंदु लिखना, रूपरेखा, मसौदा, संपादन और अंतिम रूप।

144.सामाजिक विज्ञान की कक्षा में शिक्षार्थी कक्षा में दिए जा रहे वक्तव्य से मुख्य बिन्दु समझने की कोशिश कर रहे हैं और मुख्य बिन्दु लिख रहे हैं। इस कौशल को क्या कहेंगे?

(1) अध्ययन कौशल
(2) श्रवण कौशल
(3) लेखन कौशल
(4) संज्ञानात्मक कौशल

Why: व्याख्यान के मुख्य विचार पकड़कर नोट्स बनाना अध्ययन कौशल है।

145.नीचे दिए गए प्रश्न को पढ़ें। पता करें कि यह प्रश्न किस प्रारूप (टाइपोलोजी) का है?
“छोटी बालिका की कहानी पढ़ने के बाद, आपने उसके दुखों और कठिनाइयों का सामने करने वाले साहस को महसूस किया। आप उस लड़की को उसकी प्रशंसा के लिए पत्र लिखना चाहेंगे। लगभग 120 शब्दों में पत्र लिखिए।”

(1) अभिव्यक्तिपरक प्रश्न
(2) दीर्घ उत्तरीय प्रश्न
(3) पाठ का विस्तार करने वाला प्रश्न (एक्स्ट्रापोलेटिव)
(4) विमर्श संबंधी प्रश्न

Why: विद्यार्थी को कहानी से आगे जाकर लड़की को पत्र लिखना है। पाठ से आगे सोचना बहिर्वेशन (एक्स्ट्रापोलेशन) है।

146.कक्षा आठ की अध्यापिका एक पाठ्य सामग्री के पाँच वाक्यों को दो बार अंग्रेजी में पढ़ती है और शिक्षार्थियों को ध्यानपूर्वक सुनने के लिए कहती है। इसके बाद वह शिक्षार्थियों को चार-चार के समूह में काम करने के लिए कहती है कि वे पढ़ी गई पाठ्य सामग्री का पुनर्लेखन करें जो एकदम मूल जैसा ना हो। इस गतिविधि को क्या कहेंगे?

(1) लेखन कार्य
(2) अनुच्छेद श्रुतलेख
(3) सामूहिक श्रुतलेख
(4) श्रवण कार्य

Why: CBSE ने विकल्प 2 और 3 दोनों को सही माना। शिक्षार्थी छोटा पाठ सुनकर समूह में उसे फिर से रचते हैं। यह श्रुतलेख (डिक्टोग्लॉस) का एक रूप है।

147.यह अकादमिक भाषा या विभिन्न प्रकार के विषयों के लिए आवश्यक भाषा में निपुणता से संबंधित है:

(1) अंतरभाषा निपुणता
(2) बुनियादी अंतरवैयक्तिक सम्प्रेषण कौशल (BICS)
(3) सम्प्रेषणात्मक भाषा निपुणता
(4) संज्ञानात्मक अकादमिक भाषा निपुणता (CALP)

Why: विभिन्न विषयों के लिए आवश्यक शैक्षिक भाषा CALP (संज्ञानात्मक अकादमिक भाषा निपुणता) कहलाती है।

148.भाषा शिक्षा पर राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति 2020 के संदर्भ में कौन-सा कथन सही नहीं है?

(1) त्रिभाषा सूत्र के अन्तर्गत शास्त्रीय भाषा का अध्ययन।
(2) त्रिभाषा सूत्र के अन्तर्गत मातृभाषा/घर की भाषा का अध्ययन।
(3) त्रिभाषा सूत्र के अन्तर्गत भारतीय भाषाओं का अध्ययन।
(4) त्रिभाषा सूत्र के अन्तर्गत भाषा के रूप में अंग्रेजी भाषा का अध्ययन।

Why: [KEY] CBSE की कुंजी ने विकल्प 1 को सही माना है। कुंजी के अनुसार त्रिभाषा सूत्र में मातृभाषा, भारतीय भाषाएँ और अंग्रेजी आती हैं; शास्त्रीय भाषा एक विकल्प है, सूत्र का भाग नहीं।

149.निम्नलिखित में से त्रिभाषा सूत्र के संबंध में कौन-सा कथन सही है?

(1) सभी बच्चे अपनी विद्यालयी शिक्षा अंग्रेजी माध्यम/घर की भाषा में शुरू करते हैं और दसवीं पूरी करने तक कम से कम दो और भाषाएँ सीखते हैं।
(2) सभी बच्चे अपनी विद्यालयी शिक्षा अपने राज्य की भाषा में शुरू करते हैं और दसवीं पूरी करने तक कम से कम दो और भाषाएँ सीखते हैं।
(3) सभी बच्चे अपनी विद्यालयी शिक्षा राज्य भाषा हिंदी में शुरू करते हैं और दसवीं पूरी करने तक कम से कम दो और भाषाएँ सीखते हैं।
(4) सभी बच्चे अपनी विद्यालयी शिक्षा मातृभाषा/घर की भाषा में शुरू करते हैं और दसवीं पूरी करने तक कम से कम दो और भाषाएँ सीखते हैं।

Why: त्रिभाषा सूत्र में बच्चे मातृभाषा/घर की भाषा में पढ़ाई शुरू करते हैं और स्कूल पूरा होने तक कम से कम दो और भाषाएँ जोड़ते हैं।

150.अधिगम प्रतिफल शिक्षार्थियों को समर्थ बनाते हैं -

(1) व्याकरणिक ज्ञान को मापन के संदर्भ में प्राप्त करना
(2) दक्षताओं को मापन के संदर्भ में प्राप्त करना
(3) सभी कौशलों के अधिगम के न्यूनतम स्तरों को प्राप्त करना
(4) भाषागत तथ्यों को मापन के संदर्भ में प्राप्त करना

Why: अधिगम प्रतिफल बताते हैं कि शिक्षार्थी को कौन-सी दक्षताएँ प्राप्त करनी हैं, जिन्हें मापा जा सके।

CTET January 2024 — Paper II (Social Studies)

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Central Teacher Eligibility Test — January 2024
Paper II (Social Studies)

Part I — Child Development and Pedagogy

Part III — Social Studies / Social Science

Part IV — Language I — English

Part V — Language II — Hindi

Answer Key