MAK LABS — CTET 21 January 2024 Paper II (Maths and Science) Question Paper with Answer Key

1.According to Vygotsky, what is the role of the teacher in facilitating cognitive development?

(1) To provide information and knowledge to the student.
(2) To guide and support the student’s learning through scaffolding.
(3) To allow the student to learn completely independently.
(4) To give only those tasks that the student can currently do independently.

Why: Vygotsky saw the teacher as a guide. The teacher gives support (scaffolding) when the task is hard and slowly withdraws it as the child learns.

2.Which of the following statements about adolescence is not correct?

(1) Adolescence is a social construction.
(2) Adolescence is generally considered to begin with puberty - the process that leads to sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce.
(3) Adolescence is developmental transition between childhood and adulthood entailing physical, cognitive and psychosocial changes.
(4) Children across different cultures usher in and experience adolescence in a similar manner.

Why: Adolescence is shaped by culture. Different cultures mark and experience it in different ways. So option 4 is not correct.

3.Sujata participates eagerly in the dance competition only because she is interested in winning the first prize of cash. Sujata is:

(1) Intrinsically motivated
(2) Extrinsically motivated
(3) Mastery-Oriented learner
(4) Failure-avoiding learner

Why: Sujata dances only to win the cash prize. Her motive comes from an outside reward, so she is extrinsically motivated.

4.In order to address the individual differences among learners, a teacher should:

(1) acknowledge differences as abnormal and kind of deficit
(2) be indifferent towards individual differences
(3) consider differences as obvious feature of human diversity
(4) implement a rigid and uniform curriculum for all learners

Why: Individual differences are a natural part of human diversity. A teacher should accept them and plan for them.

5.Jean Piaget believed that knowledge is:

(1) constructed by the child rather than being passed passively from the environment.
(2) innate and given rather than acquired through interactions.
(3) co-constructed in interactions with more knowledgeable others.
(4) a visible behavioural change that can be measured with reliability.

Why: Piaget believed that children build (construct) knowledge by acting on their world. They do not just receive it.

6.In a progressive classroom assessment is:

(1) Dynamic
(2) Objective
(3) Summative
(4) Normative

Why: In a progressive class, assessment goes on along with learning. It changes with the learner’s needs, so it is dynamic.

7.Which of the following process is essential in meaning-making of the information received from environment and store it further in memory?

(1) Attention
(2) Decay
(3) Forgetting
(4) Retrieval

Why: Information is noticed first, and only then can it be understood and stored. So attention is the essential first step.

8.Which of the following is an example of a question that requires students to analyze information?

(1) What is the plot of the novel “To Kill a Mockingbird”?
(2) What is the theme of the novel “To Kill a Mockingbird”?
(3) How does the author use symbolism in “To Kill a Mockingbird”?
(4) Who is the protagonist of “To Kill a Mockingbird”?

Why: Asking how the author uses symbolism needs the student to break the text into parts and study them. This is analysis. Plot and character name need only recall.

9.Assertion (A): Teachers should constantly reflect on their own stereotypes and bias.
Reason (R): Culturally responsive teaching means that teachers are reflective.
Choose the correct option:

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why: Culturally responsive teachers reflect on their own beliefs. So they keep checking their stereotypes and bias. (R) explains (A).

10.The central argument of Carol Gilligan’s critique of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development is around:

(1) Ethics of care and the feminist perspective.
(2) Overestimation of children’s moral abilities.
(3) Use of experimental design in studying children.
(4) Educational implications of the study for school going children.

Why: Carol Gilligan said Kohlberg’s theory ignored the ‘ethics of care’ seen more in women. Her critique is from a feminist point of view.

11.Assertion (A): Learning from real-life problems and concrete experiences gives the children multiple pathways for learning and retrieving information.
Reason (R): Development is relatively orderly and sequential.
Choose the correct option:

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why: Learning from real-life problems gives many ways to learn and recall. Development is orderly and sequential. Both are true, but (R) does not explain (A).

12.Dyslexia is a _________ condition which impacts learner’s ability to ________.

(1) emotional, draw pictures
(2) neurological, link sounds with symbols
(3) physiological, socialize with peers
(4) sensory, coordinate body movements

Why: Dyslexia is a neurological condition. It affects the child’s ability to link sounds with letters (symbols).

13.A middle school teacher wants to enable meaningful learning by helping students make connections between concepts and real-world applications. Which of the following activities would be an appropriate pedagogical strategy?

(1) Let the students memorize terms and definitions.
(2) Let the students complete worksheets with multiple choice questions.
(3) Let the students learn by the method of stimulus-response conditioning.
(4) Let the students research on a current issue in small groups and present their findings to the class.

Why: Researching a current issue in groups and presenting it links concepts with real life. It also makes learning meaningful.

14.In which stage of Kohlberg’s moral development do children’s reasoning revolve around ethics of law?

(1) Pre-conventional morality
(2) Conventional morality
(3) Heteronomous morality
(4) Autonomous morality

Why: At the conventional level, children follow rules and laws to keep order in society. So their reasoning revolves around law.

15.Which of the following does not exemplify an inclusive classroom?

(1) Incorporation of diverse perspectives
(2) Following reasonable accommodation
(3) Offering differentiated instruction
(4) Encouraging competitive ethos

Why: An inclusive class values cooperation. A competitive ethos goes against inclusion.

16.Work in progress Portfolios are an effective tool for formative assessment because:
(a) They involve students in the process of assessment.
(b) They offer insights about the progress of individual students.
(c) They focus mainly in the presentation of the final product.
(d) They offer tangible evidence of student learning.

(1) (b), (c)
(2) (a), (d)
(3) (a), (b), (c)
(4) (a), (b), (d)

Why: A work-in-progress portfolio involves students, shows each student’s progress and gives real proof of learning. It does not focus mainly on the final product.

17.Which of the following describes a mastery goal orientation?

(1) focus on achieving a certain level of performance for competing with others.
(2) focus on improving ones’ skills and understanding of a task.
(3) focus on achieving a high grade for receiving external rewards.
(4) focus on avoiding failure or punishment for fear of humiliation.

Why: A mastery goal means trying to improve one’s own skill and understanding. It is not about beating others or getting rewards.

18.Which of the following best describes the role of the teacher in progressive education?

(1) The teacher is the primary source of knowledge and authority in the classroom.
(2) The teacher provides diverse materials for children to experiment and provides scaffolding as and when required.
(3) The teacher is responsible for ensuring strict adherence to curriculum standards.
(4) The teacher lets the children learn independently and does not interfere in their learning.

Why: In progressive education, the teacher gives many materials for children to explore. The teacher helps (scaffolds) when needed.

19.Asking Critical questions such as “how much and in what ways are various gender represented in textbooks and media” would encourage:

(1) Questioning gender stereotypes
(2) Strengthening gender constancy
(3) Reinforcing gender identity
(4) Discouraging gender role flexibility

Why: Asking how genders are shown in textbooks and media makes children question gender stereotypes.

20.According to Jean Piaget the ability to use symbols for symbols such as letting the letter X stand for an unknown numeral develops during __________ and enables the children to learn _________.

(1) concrete operational stage; algebra and calculus
(2) concrete operational stage; conservation and seriation
(3) formal operational stage; algebra and calculus
(4) formal operational stage; conservation and seriation

Why: Using a letter like x for an unknown number is abstract thinking. It develops in the formal operational stage. It helps children learn algebra and calculus.

21.Alok shows the following behaviours : Holds head in an awkward position when reading; squinting and rubbing the eye frequently; redness/swelling of eyes; confusing letters. These can be symptoms of potential:

(1) Visual problems
(2) Language comprehension problems
(3) Autistic spectrum disorder
(4) Communication disorder

Why: Holding the head awkwardly, squinting, rubbing the eyes and red eyes are signs of a vision problem.

22.Assertion (A): In an inclusive classroom, adaptations should be made in learning goals, pedagogical strategies as well as assessment.
Reason (R): The philosophy of inclusion advocates elimination of all individual differences through pedagogical approaches and assessment.
Choose the correct option:

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why: Inclusion adapts goals, methods and assessment for learners, so (A) is true. Inclusion respects differences. It does not try to remove them, so (R) is false.

23.According to Lev-Vygotsky children benefit from the experience of interacting with __________ while working _______ their zone of proximal development.

(1) more knowledgeable others; within
(2) more knowledgeable others; just outside
(3) the physical environment; within
(4) the physical environment; just outside

Why: Vygotsky said children learn best with help from more knowledgeable others. This happens while they work within their zone of proximal development.

24.A teacher notices that one of her students is highly distractible and has trouble paying attention during class. Which of the following strategies would is an effective strategy in helping the student stay focused?

(1) Giving the student repeated tasks to do during class.
(2) Strictly telling the student to increase their attention span.
(3) Giving a timer to student for self-regulation and time-management.
(4) Calling the parents and taking strict disciplinary action against the student.

Why: A timer helps the child manage time and control attention by himself. Scolding or punishing does not help.

25.Assertion (A): Students are more likely to do well and stay in school if they have emotional attachment to their school and believe that they matter.
Reason (R): Emotions play a significant role in learning.
Choose the correct option:

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why: When students feel attached to school and feel they matter, they learn better. This is because emotions play a big role in learning. (R) explains (A).

26.Which of the following is a core principle of constructivist learning theory?

(1) Teachers should provide direct instruction and explicit guidance to students.
(2) Learning occurs when students receive correct answers and feedback from teachers.
(3) Students construct their own knowledge through active engagement with their environment.
(4) Learning is primarily a passive process that involves receiving and memorizing information.

Why: Constructivism says students build their own knowledge by actively engaging with their surroundings.

27.Assertion (A): The less able a child is to do a task the more directions the teachers should give and as the child can do more and more the teacher should help less and less.
Reason (R): Intelligence cannot be accurately measured by calculating IQ.
Choose the correct option.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why: (A) describes scaffolding: more help at first, less help later. (R), that IQ cannot measure intelligence fully, is also true. But (R) does not explain (A).

28.Which of the following characterise the process of socialization?
(a) It is a linear process.
(b) It is a complex process.
(c) It is a multidimensional process.
(d) It takes place uniquely in different cultures.

(1) (a), (b)
(2) (b), (c)
(3) (b), (c), (d)
(4) (a), (b), (c), (d)

Why: Socialisation is complex and has many dimensions. It differs from culture to culture. It is not a linear process.

29.Assertion (A): There is no objectively definable moment when a child enters middle childhood or adolescence.
Reason (R): Development is continuous in nature.
Choose the correct option.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why: Development is continuous. So there is no exact moment when a child enters middle childhood or adolescence. (R) explains (A).

30.An elementary school teacher can strongly influence students’ development of academic self-concept by:

(1) Keeping very low expectations from all students
(2) Punishing autonomy and initiative in students
(3) Rewarding autonomy and initiative in students
(4) Keeping very low expectations from special students

Why: Rewarding children’s autonomy and initiative builds their confidence. This shapes a positive academic self-concept.

31.BD is the diagonal of parallelogram ABCD such that ∠CBD = 12x, ∠ABD = 7y, ∠ADB = 60° and ∠CDB = 28°. Then, the value of 2x + 3y is:

(1) 20°
(2) 21°
(3) 22°
(4) 23°

Why: In a parallelogram AD ∥ BC and AB ∥ DC. So ∠CBD = ∠ADB (alternate angles): 12x = 60, x = 5. Also ∠ABD = ∠CDB: 7y = 28, y = 4. So 2x + 3y = 10 + 12 = 22.

32.A student listed the following properties of Rational Numbers. Which one/ones is/are correct?
(a) A rational number includes integers.
(b) 0 (zero) is not a rational number.
(c) All fractions are rational numbers.
Choose the correct option:

(1) (a) and (c)
(2) Only (b)
(3) Only (c)
(4) (a) and (b)

Why: Every integer is a rational number, so (a) is correct. 0 = 0/1 is rational, so (b) is wrong. Every fraction p/q is rational, so (c) is correct.

33.One of the factors of p³x + p²(x − y) − p(y + z) − z is:

(1) p²x − py + z
(2) p²x + py + z
(3) p²x − py − z
(4) p²x + py − z

Why: Group the terms: p³x + p²x − p²y − py − pz − z = p²x(p + 1) − py(p + 1) − z(p + 1) = (p + 1)(p²x − py − z).

34.If the median of the data 30, 8, 7, 3, 17, 15, 21, 24, 29, 23 is x and the median of the data obtained by replacing 3 by 33 and 8 by 18 in the above data is y, then what is the difference between y and x?

(1) 1
(2) 2
(3) 3
(4) 4

Why: In order: 3, 7, 8, 15, 17, 21, 23, 24, 29, 30. Median x = (17 + 21)/2 = 19. New data: 7, 15, 17, 18, 21, 23, 24, 29, 30, 33. Median y = (21 + 23)/2 = 22. y − x = 3.

35.Three numbers are in the ratio 2 : 3 : 4 and the sum of their cubes is 33957. What is the sum of the three numbers?

(1) 54
(2) 63
(3) 72
(4) 81

Why: Let the numbers be 2k, 3k, 4k. Then 8k³ + 27k³ + 64k³ = 99k³ = 33957. So k³ = 343 and k = 7. Sum = 9k = 63.

36.The number of vertices (V), edges (E) and faces (F) of a polyhedron are respectively 10, 15 and x. Then, the value of (3x−12) is:

(1) 7
(2) 9
(3) 14
(4) 18

Why: Euler’s formula: F + V − E = 2. So x + 10 − 15 = 2, x = 7. Then 3x − 12 = 21 − 12 = 9.

37.If x/y = (−¹⁄₃)⁻³ ÷ (²⁄₃)⁻⁴, then what is the value of (x/y + y/x)⁻¹?

(1) −³⁄₁₆
(2) ¹⁹⁄₄₈
(3) ³⁸⁄₇₃
(4) −⁴⁸⁄₂₆₅

Why: (−1/3)⁻³ = −27 and (2/3)⁻⁴ = 81/16. So x/y = −27 × 16/81 = −16/3. Then x/y + y/x = −16/3 − 3/16 = −265/48. Its reciprocal is −48/265.

38.Concept was labelled as ‘Schema’ by:

(1) Vygotsky
(2) Piaget
(3) Bruner
(4) Van Hieles

Why: Piaget called the mental structures that organise our ideas ‘schemas’.

39.If x=1.011+10.11−12.101+0.1011, then what should be added to x to get the sum as 1.1?

(1) 1.9789
(2) 0.3111
(3) 0.2211
(4) 1.1311

Why: x = 1.011 + 10.11 − 12.101 + 0.1011 = −0.8789. Number to add = 1.1 − (−0.8789) = 1.9789.

40.Teacher conducted an oral assessment in class and found that Ram can speak definition of all types of numbers - odd, even, prime and composite accurately, but not able to identify the numbers accurately when given a set of numbers. Which of the following is most appropriate for the above situation?

(1) Ram has good memory but lacks practice.
(2) Ram has good memory but lacks concentration.
(3) Ram has good memory but lacks conceptual understanding.
(4) Ram has analytical ability.

Why: Ram can say the definitions but cannot use them to identify numbers. He has memorised them without understanding the concepts.

41.A shopkeeper sells an article for ₹ 324 after giving a discount of 28% on its marked price. The cost price of the article is ₹ 300. If he sells the article by giving 18% discount on its same marked price, then what will be his profit percent?

(1) 10%
(2) 19%
(3) 23%
(4) 24%

Why: Marked price = 324 ÷ 0.72 = ₹ 450. With 18% discount, SP = 0.82 × 450 = ₹ 369. Profit = 69 on ₹ 300, which is 23%.

42.The product of two rational numbers is −⁴⁰⁄₃. If one of the two numbers is −⁵⁄₂, then the reciprocal of the other number lies between:

(1) ³⁄₂₀ and ⁹⁄₅₀
(2) ⁹⁄₅₀ and ¹⁄₅
(3) ¹⁄₅ and ¹⁄₄
(4) ¹⁄₄ and ¹⁄₃

Why: Other number = (−40/3) ÷ (−5/2) = 16/3. Its reciprocal is 3/16 = 0.1875. It lies between 9/50 (0.18) and 1/5 (0.2).

43.A class VI mathematics teacher posed the following problem to her students : “In a morning walk, three persons started together. Their steps measure 70 cm, 85 cm and 95 cm respectively. What is the minimum distance each should walk so that all can cover the same distance in complete steps?” Which of the following concepts would be required to solve the given problem?

(1) Concept of HCF
(2) Concept of LCM
(3) Concept of division
(4) Concept of proportion

Why: Each person must cover a distance that is a multiple of his step length. The smallest common distance is the LCM of 70, 85 and 95.

44.A student was given the following problem on percentage to solve, “Find the percentage of decrease if the population of a city decreased from 28,000 to 26,500.”
She wrote the following solution,
Original population = 28,000; New population = 26,500
% decrease = ^26,500⁄_28,000 × 100% = 94.6%
Which of the following is most appropriate with respect to the response of the student?

(1) Student is able to understand the concept of percentage but is not able to understand percentage of which quantity is to be found.
(2) Student has solved the question correctly but has used wrong symbols in solution.
(3) Student does not know the concept of percentage.
(4) Student has made a careless mistake.

Why: The student found new population as a percent of the old one. The decrease should be (28,000 − 26,500)/28,000 × 100 ≈ 5.4%. She knows percentage but chose the wrong quantity.

45.The difference between two supplementary angles is 20°. If the smaller of these angles is p, then the value of 3p − 50° is:

(1) 310°
(2) 270°
(3) 250°
(4) 190°

Why: The angles add up to 180° and differ by 20°. So they are 100° and 80°, and p = 80°. Then 3p − 50° = 240° − 50° = 190°.

46.x varies inversely as y. When x=3.5, then y=2.4. What is the value of y when x=5.6?

(1) 1.4
(2) 1.5
(3) 2.1
(4) 2.8

Why: In inverse variation, xy stays the same. 3.5 × 2.4 = 8.4. So y = 8.4 ÷ 5.6 = 1.5.

47.Which among the following Learning-Teaching Resources (LTRs) are most appropriate for visually challenged students in mathematics classroom?
(a) Geogebra
(b) Taylor’s abacus
(c) Computer
(d) Spreadsheet
Choose the correct option:

(1) (a) and (b)
(2) (c) and (d)
(3) (b) and (c)
(4) (b), (c) and (d)

Why: Taylor’s abacus is made for visually challenged learners. A computer with screen-reading software also helps them. GeoGebra and spreadsheets are visual tools.

48.National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 recommends that Sports Integrated Pedagogy needs to be used in classroom teaching. Which among the following are correct in the context of using sports integrated pedagogy in mathematics classroom?
(a) Teaching-learning process shall become joyful.
(b) It is not possible to use sports for teaching mathematics.
(c) It will be time consuming and hence needs to be avoided.
(d) Apart from popular sports, there are many indigenous sports which can be used in teaching mathematics.
Choose the correct option:

(1) (a) and (c)
(2) (b) and (c)
(3) (a) and (d)
(4) (b), (c) and (d)

Why: Sports make learning joyful, and many indigenous games can be used to teach mathematics. So (a) and (d) are correct.

49.The area of the curved surface of a right circular cylinder is 4400 cm² and the circumference of its base is 110 cm. Its volume (in m³) is: (Use π = ²²⁄₇)

(1) 0.0284
(2) 0.0385
(3) 0.0285
(4) 0.0382

Why: 2πr = 110 cm, so r = 17.5 cm. Curved surface = 2πrh = 110h = 4400, so h = 40 cm. Volume = πr²h = 22/7 × 17.5 × 17.5 × 40 = 38500 cm³ = 0.0385 m³.

50.A box opened at the top is made of wood of thickness 3 cm. Its external length, breadth and height are respectively 1.48 m, 1.16 m and 83 cm (base = length × breadth). What will be the cost of painting its inner surface at ₹ 150 per m²?

(1) ₹ 838.20
(2) ₹ 839.10
(3) ₹ 841.40
(4) ₹ 842.50

Why: Inner size: 142 cm × 110 cm, height 80 cm (base is 3 cm thick, top is open). Inner area = 1.42 × 1.10 + 2 × 0.8 × (1.42 + 1.10) = 1.562 + 4.032 = 5.594 m². Cost = 5.594 × 150 = ₹ 839.10.

51.In triangles ABC and DEF; ∠B = 90°, BC = 8 cm, ∠A = 40°, DE = 8 cm, ∠F = 40° and ∠E = 90°. Then, which of the following statements is true?

(1) ∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF, by RHS
(2) ∆ABC ≅ ∆FED, by RHS
(3) ∆ABC ≅ ∆DFE, by AAS
(4) ∆ABC ≅ ∆FED, by AAS

Why: A matches F (40°), B matches E (90°), so C matches D. BC is opposite ∠A and ED is opposite ∠F, and both are 8 cm. So ΔABC ≅ ΔFED by AAS.

52.Three consecutive integers are such that when they are taken in increasing order and multiplied by 3, 5 and 2, respectively, they add up to 99. What is the sum of the original first and third integers?

(1) 16
(2) 18
(3) 20
(4) 24

Why: Let the integers be n, n + 1, n + 2. Then 3n + 5(n + 1) + 2(n + 2) = 99, so 10n + 9 = 99 and n = 9. First + third = 9 + 11 = 20.

53.A middle school mathematics teacher poses the following question to her class. “Which type of graph would you use to show the following data?
(a) The heights of participants in an athletics meet
(b) The number of passengers boarding trains from 9:00 am to 9:00 pm at a station.” The intention of the teacher is to -

(1) Help learners understand the difference between bar graph and line graph.
(2) Introduce the concept of pie charts.
(3) Teach line graph through contextual situations.
(4) Teach the use of histograms for data representation.

Why: Heights of athletes are continuous data grouped in class intervals. Such data are shown with a histogram. So the teacher wants to teach the use of histograms.

54.If a 8 - digit number 9 4 7 1 x 9 y 2 is divisible by 72, then which of the following statements is not true?

(1) x=8 and y=5
(2) x=4 and y=9
(3) x=9 and y=5
(4) x=3 and y=1

Why: For 72, the number must be divisible by 8 and 9. For 8, the last three digits 9y2 must divide by 8, so y = 1, 5 or 9. For 9, 32 + x + y must divide by 9, so x + y = 4 or 13. This gives (3, 1), (8, 5) and (4, 9). x = 9, y = 5 does not work.

55.Mathematics is a way of thinking since:
(a) It provides an opportunity for students to engage in proofs and examining patterns.
(b) Students reproduce formulae and symbols during problem solving.
(c) Students use appropriate strategies for solving various new problems.
Choose the correct option:

(1) (a) and (b)
(2) (b) and (c)
(3) (a) and (c)
(4) Only (b)

Why: Mathematics is a way of thinking because students reason, prove, study patterns and use their own strategies for new problems. Reproducing formulae is not thinking.

56.The following table shows the number of different fruits kept in a carton:

Type of fruits	Mangoes	Apples	Oranges	Guavas	Pomegranates
Number	44	56	42	30	38

If a pie chart is constructed for the above data, what will be the angle of the sector representing apples?

(1) 79.2°
(2) 72°
(3) 96°
(4) 100.8°

Why: Total fruits = 44 + 56 + 42 + 30 + 38 = 210. Angle for apples = 56/210 × 360° = 96°.

57.The lengths of the parallel sides of a trapezium are 11 cm and 25 cm and the distance between them is 12 cm. Its area is equal to the area of a rectangle whose sides are in the ratio 3 : 2. What is the perimeter (in cm) of the rectangle?

(1) 40
(2) 50
(3) 60
(4) 70

Why: Area of trapezium = ½ × (11 + 25) × 12 = 216 cm². Rectangle sides 3k and 2k: 6k² = 216, so k = 6. Sides are 18 cm and 12 cm. Perimeter = 2(18 + 12) = 60 cm.

58.If A = −2x² + 12x, B = 11 − 8x + 3x², C = 17 − 4x² and D = x² − x − 3, then what is the sum of the co-efficients of x² and x in (A + B + C − D)?

(1) 0
(2) −1
(3) 1
(4) 3

Why: Coefficient of x²: −2 + 3 − 4 − 1 = −4. Coefficient of x: 12 − 8 + 0 + 1 = 5. Sum = −4 + 5 = 1.

59.Which of the following is not a dimension of assessment of mathematics learning?

(1) Communication
(2) Patterns and procedures
(3) Disposition towards mathematics
(4) Mathematical reasoning

Why: [KEY] The CBSE key credits option 3. It treats disposition towards mathematics as an attitude, not a dimension of assessing learning. Note that some NCERT assessment guides also mention disposition.

60.In triangle PQR, ∠P = 55° and QR = 18 cm. In which of the following cases, ΔPQR can be an obtuse scalene triangle?

(1) ∠R = 25° and PQ = 18 cm
(2) ∠R = 15° and PR > 18 cm
(3) ∠R = 65° and PQ > 18 cm
(4) ∠R = 35° and PR = 18 cm

Why: If ∠R = 15°, then ∠Q = 180° − 55° − 15° = 110°, which is obtuse. The side opposite the obtuse angle (PR) is the longest, so PR > 18 cm. All sides are different, so the triangle is scalene.

61.Read the following paragraph carefully and select the option which would correctly fill the blanks in the given order.
Sound is produced by vibration and different musical instruments have specific vibrating parts. In a ___X___ the sound is produced by stretched strings, in a ___Y___ it is the stretched membrane that vibrates and in a ___Z___ the vibrating part that produces sound is the air column.
X, Y and Z can respectively be:

(1) sitar, harmonium, dholak
(2) dholak, ektara, mouth organ
(3) guitar, tabla, shehnai
(4) ektara, violin, piano

Why: A guitar has strings, a tabla has a stretched membrane and a shehnai has a vibrating air column.

62.Identify the set of micronutrients (nutrients required by plants in small quantities):

(1) Potassium, Magnesium, Copper
(2) Copper, Phosphorous, Calcium
(3) Sulphur, Aluminium, Chlorine
(4) Zinc, Iron, Manganese

Why: Plants need zinc, iron and manganese only in small amounts. They are micronutrients. Potassium, phosphorus, calcium and sulphur are needed in larger amounts.

63.Read the following statements carefully and select the correct option.
Assertion (A): The stars in the night sky appear to move from east to west.
Reason (R): The earth rotates from west to east.

(1) (A) and (R) are both correct and (R) is the correct explanation for (A).
(2) (A) and (R) are both correct but (R) is not the correct explanation for (A).
(3) (A) is correct but (R) is incorrect.
(4) (A) and (R) are both incorrect.

Why: The earth rotates from west to east. So the stars seem to move the opposite way, from east to west. (R) explains (A).

64.Which of the following statements regarding rusting of iron are true?
(a) It involves a chemical reaction between iron and oxygen.
(b) It is an exothermic reaction.
(c) It can take place at room temperature.
(d) It is reversible reaction.

(1) (a), (b), (d)
(2) (b) and (c)
(3) (a) and (d)
(4) (a), (b) and (c)

Why: Rusting is a slow reaction of iron with oxygen (and moisture). It gives out heat and happens at room temperature. It cannot be reversed easily.

65.Match the substances in column A with their chemical names in column B.

(A)	(B)
(a) Slaked lime	(i) Calcium oxide
(b) Table salt	(ii) Sodium bicarbonate
(c) Limestone	(iii) Calcium carbonate
(d) Caustic soda	(iv) Calcium hydroxide
(e) Quick lime	(v) Sodium hydroxide
(f) Baking soda	(vi) Sodium chloride

(1) (a)-(iv), (b)-(vi), (c)-(iii), (d)-(v), (e)-(i), (f)-(ii)
(2) (a)-(vi), (b)-(ii), (c)-(v), (d)-(i), (e)-(iii), (f)-(iv)
(3) (a)-(i), (b)-(vi), (c)-(iii), (d)-(v), (e)-(ii), (f)-(iv)
(4) (a)-(iv), (b)-(v), (c)-(iii), (d)-(ii), (e)-(i), (f)-(vi)

Why: Slaked lime = calcium hydroxide, table salt = sodium chloride, limestone = calcium carbonate, caustic soda = sodium hydroxide, quick lime = calcium oxide and baking soda = sodium bicarbonate.

66.Identify the correct statement(s):
(a) A fact is an observation that has repeatedly been found to be true over the time.
(b) A law is a theory that has repeatedly been found to be true over the time.

(1) Only (a)
(2) (a) and (b)
(3) Only (b)
(4) Neither (a) nor (b)

Why: A fact is an observation found true again and again. A law describes a pattern in nature. It is not a theory that has become true. So only (a) is correct.

67.Read the following text : When a negatively charged rod is brought near an uncharged electroscope,
(a) the electroscope leaves move further apart
(b) both the electroscope leaves acquire similar charge
(c) the negative charges pass on to the electroscope causing its leaves to move further apart Of the above three statements:

(1) (a) is an observation while (b) and (c) are inferences
(2) (a) and (b) are observations and (c) is an inference
(3) (a), (b) and (c) are observations
(4) (a), (b) and (c) are inferences

Why: Seeing the leaves move apart is an observation. Saying that they got the same charge, and that charges passed into them, are inferences drawn from it.

68.Which of the following gases are responsible for acid rain?
(a) Nitrogen
(b) Oxygen
(c) Ozone
(d) Sulphur dioxide
(e) Nitric oxide

(1) (a) and (b)
(2) (b) and (c)
(3) (c) and (d)
(4) (d) and (e)

Why: Sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen (such as nitric oxide) dissolve in rain water. They form acids and cause acid rain.

69.Which of the following is NOT indicative of the hypothesising skill?

(1) Formulating questions which lead to inquiry
(2) Attempting to explain observations or relationships in terms of some principle
(3) Using the senses to gather information
(4) Identifying variables for an experiment

Why: Hypothesising means making a guess that can be tested. Using the senses to gather information is observing, not hypothesising.

70.Identify the correct statements from the following:
(a) Generally non-metals do not react with water.
(b) Generally non-metals do not react with acids.

(1) Only (a)
(2) Only (b)
(3) Both (a) and (b)
(4) Neither (a) nor (b)

Why: Generally non-metals do not react with water. They also do not give hydrogen with dilute acids. Both statements are correct.

71.A ball is thrown up in the air. It reaches a maximum height and then returns to the thrower. Which of the following quantities have the same values during the upward and downward motion of the ball?

(1) Acceleration
(2) Force of gravity
(3) Displacement
(4) Work done by gravity

Why: CBSE accepted options 1 and 2. The acceleration (g, downward) and the force of gravity (mg) stay the same going up and coming down. Displacement and work done by gravity change sign.

72.A body has a linear momentum of p and a mass of m. The kinetic energy of the body is:

(1) p²m
(2) 2p²m
(3) ^p²⁄_2m
(4) pm

Why: KE = ½mv² and p = mv. So v = p/m and KE = ½m(p/m)² = p²/2m.

73.Which of the following is the most suitable strategy for introducing the students to the concept of ‘chemical reactions’ at upper primary level?

(1) Explain the concept of valence electrons and electronic configuration
(2) Write the chemical equations in symbolic form and ask students to observe
(3) Define a chemical reaction and give examples
(4) Hold a discussion on chemical reactions which students are likely to have observed in their lives

Why: Start with reactions students have seen in daily life, like rusting or curdling of milk. This makes the idea easy to grasp before using symbols.

74.Which of the following is a set of animals in which all show external fertilization?

(1) Hens, lizards, butterflies
(2) Lizards, butterflies, frogs
(3) Butterflies, frogs, fish
(4) Frogs, fish, starfish

Why: Frogs, fish and starfish release eggs and sperm in water. So fertilisation happens outside the body.

75.Consider the test item given below and match the following:

Column - A	Column - B
Unit of force	Joule
Symbol of iron	HCl
Formula of hydrochloric acid	Ag
Unit of work	—\| \| \|— (battery symbol)
Symbol of silver	Calorie
Symbol of battery	Fe
	Newton

Which of the following is not a reason that can be given to justify that the item is poorly constructed?

(1) For an entry in column A there are at the most two plausible entries in column B
(2) There are unequal entries in column A and B
(3) The matching pairs can be easily guessed
(4) There is inconsistency among entries

Why: Having more entries in column B than in column A is a good practice. It reduces guessing. So it is not a reason for calling the item poor.

76.Read the following statements and select the correct option.
Assertion (A): Dried raisins when left in plain water for some time swell due to osmosis.
Reason (R): Plant cells have a selectively permeable cell membrane.

(1) (A) and (R) are both correct and (R) is the correct explanation for (A).
(2) (A) and (R) are both correct but (R) is not the correct explanation for (A).
(3) (A) is correct but (R) is incorrect.
(4) (A) is incorrect but (R) is correct.

Why: Raisins swell because water enters their cells by osmosis. Osmosis needs a selectively permeable membrane. So (R) explains (A).

77.Which of the following would be a most suitable strategy to introduce the topic ‘deficiency diseases’ at upper primary level?

(1) Provide a definition of balanced diet and introduce the concept of deficiency.
(2) Arrange for a doctor’s prescription pertaining to a deficiency disease and hold a discussion around it.
(3) List the various nutrients and the functions they perform in human body.
(4) Hold a discussion on common human diseases.

Why: A real doctor’s prescription for a deficiency disease brings a real-life case into class. A discussion on it is a good way to start the topic.

78.Which of the following best explains the statement ‘science promotes scepticism’?

(1) Scientists judge the validity of a claim based on objective empirical evidence
(2) Science is purely inductive in nature
(3) Scientists do not trust the findings of other scientists
(4) Scientists are open-minded and willing to modify their ideas

Why: Scepticism means not accepting a claim without proof. Scientists judge a claim by objective evidence.

79.A box of mass 500 gm is lying on a horizontal table. Which of the following statements is true regarding the force(s) acting on it? [g = 10 m/s²]

(1) No force acts on it
(2) An unbalanced force of 5 N acts on it in downward direction
(3) A pair of balanced forces acts on it
(4) An unbalanced force of 5 N acts on it in the upward direction

Why: The weight of the box (5 N) acts down, and the table pushes up with 5 N. These balanced forces keep the box at rest.

80.___X___ is a device which is used to see around corners and is based on the principle of ___Y___. X and Y respectively are:

(1) Telescope, reflection
(2) Kaleidoscope, refraction
(3) Periscope, reflection
(4) Periscope, dispersion

Why: A periscope uses two plane mirrors to see around corners. It works on reflection of light.

81.X and Y are thick, black liquids which can be used for metalling the roads. X is derived from petroleum and Y is derived from coal. Which of the following can X and Y respectively be?

(1) Bitumen, Coal Tar
(2) Coal Tar, Charcoal
(3) Charcoal, Bitumen
(4) Coal Tar, Bitumen

Why: Bitumen is obtained from petroleum and coal tar from coal. Both are black liquids used for metalling roads.

82.Which of the following is not desirable with respect to carrying out of a classroom demonstration by a teacher?

(1) Rehearse the demonstration before carrying it out in class
(2) Emphasise beforehand the linkages that students are required to make
(3) Supplement the demonstration with explanations
(4) Follow up the demonstration with discussion

Why: Telling students beforehand what links to make takes away their own thinking. So it is not desirable in a demonstration.

83.Which of the following statement(s) is correct?

(1) Fertilisers are richer in specific nutrients as compared to manure
(2) Fertilisers enhance the water holding capacity of the soil
(3) Fertilisers provide a lot of humus to the soil
(4) Fertilisers increase the number of friendly microbes in soil

Why: Fertilisers are rich in particular nutrients like N, P and K. Humus, water holding and microbes come from manure, not fertilisers.

84.Find the set that correctly matches the plants in column A with the mode of asexual reproduction which they exhibit:

Column A	Column B
(a) Rose	(i) Budding
(b) Yeast	(ii) Spore formation
(c) Ferns	(iii) Fragmentation
(d) Spirogyra	(iv) Pollination
	(v) Vegetative propagation

(1) (a)-(v), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iii)
(2) (a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(v), (d)-(iii)
(3) (a)-(v), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
(4) (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)

Why: Rose grows by vegetative propagation, yeast by budding, ferns by spores and Spirogyra by fragmentation.

85.Which of the following plant disease(s) are caused by bacteria?
(a) Rust of wheat
(b) Citrus tanker
(c) Yellow vein mosaic of bhindi

(1) (a) and (b)
(2) Only (b)
(3) (b) and (c)
(4) Only (c)

Why: Citrus canker is caused by bacteria. Rust of wheat is caused by a fungus, and yellow vein mosaic of bhindi by a virus.

86.The difference between maximum and minimum resistance that can be obtained by connecting three resistances of ¹⁄₃ Ω each is:

(1) ²⁄₃ Ω
(2) ⁸⁄₉ Ω
(3) 1 Ω
(4) ¹⁄₉ Ω

Why: In series, R = 3 × 1/3 = 1 Ω (maximum). In parallel, R = (1/3) ÷ 3 = 1/9 Ω (minimum). Difference = 1 − 1/9 = 8/9 Ω.

87.A teacher, while teaching the chapter ‘Body Movements’ to class VI students shows the following images to her students : A sailing boat, swimming fish and a flying aeroplane. She then asks the students to reflect on the shape of the images and the manner of movement. Which of the following are likely to be employed by students in answering?
(a) Classifying
(b) Observing
(c) Inductive reasoning
(d) Measuring

(1) (a) and (b)
(2) (b) and (c)
(3) (c) and (d)
(4) (a) and (d)

Why: Students look at the pictures (observing) and draw a general idea about streamlined shapes from them (inductive reasoning).

88.Seed dispersal may be said to help the plants in all of the following except:

(1) over crowding
(2) avoid competition for sunlight, water and minerals
(3) invade new habitats
(4) produce new varieties

Why: [KEY] The CBSE key credits option 1. Seed dispersal helps plants avoid overcrowding and competition, and reach new habitats. So it does not ‘help in overcrowding’. (Strictly, dispersal does not produce new varieties either, but the key accepts only option 1.)

89.Which of the following is the most suitable reason behind Newtons theory of gravitation being regarded as an excellent theory?

(1) It explains larger number of observations by making fewer assumptions
(2) It has been arrived at after thorough experimentation
(3) It has been formulated using the precise language of mathematics
(4) It has been developed over a long period of time

Why: A good theory explains many observations with few assumptions. Newton’s theory explains falling objects, tides and planetary motion with one simple law.

90.Read the following statements carefully and select the correct option.
S1: Rayon is a synthetic fibre.
S2: Rayon is made without using any natural raw material.

(1) Both S1 and S2 are true
(2) S1 is true and S2 is false
(3) S1 is false and S2 is true
(4) Both S1 and S2 are false

Why: Rayon is a man-made fibre, grouped with synthetic fibres. But it is made from wood pulp, a natural raw material. So S1 is true and S2 is false.

सूचना : पुढील उतारा वाचा आणि प्रश्न क्रमांक 91 ते 99 यांसाठी योग्य पर्यायांची निवड करा.

पालकत्व ही आपण आपल्या मुलांच्या सोबतीने सुरू केलेली एक आनंदयात्रा आहे. पालकत्व हे स्वतःसाठी की आपल्या मुलांसाठी, या प्रश्नाचं उत्तर आपल्याला मिळालं की पालकत्वाचा प्रवास हा सरळ, सुंदर आणि सोपा होऊन जातो. पालकत्व ही एक जबाबदारी आहे, पालकत्व ही एक जोखीम आहे, पालकत्व म्हणजे निसर्गाशी आपलेपणाचा अनुभव मनात आहे, पालकत्व म्हणजे संस्कार आहेत, पालकत्व म्हणजे त्याग आहे, पालकत्व हे एक ओझं आहे... असे पालकत्वाचे अनेक विभिन्न दृष्टिकोन घेऊन पालक मुलांसोबत राहत असतात.

पालकांप्रती पालकत्वाबद्दलचा दृष्टिकोन बदलत असतो. पालकांचं लहानपण कसं गेलं, पालकांच्या पालकांनी त्यांचं संगोपन कसं केलं, यावरही अनेकदा पालकत्व निश्चित होत असतं. जुन्या पालकांनी घेतलेले संस्कार, मुलांचं वाचन, मुलांचं शिक्षण, मुलांची पूर्ण वाढ आणि आपली गरजा राहिलेली स्वप्नं, तुमची कौटुंबिक पार्श्वभूमी, तुमची संगत, तुमच्या महत्त्वाकांक्षा, तुमच्याबरोबर संस्कार, तुमची बालपणाची सर्व घटकांकडून झालेली जडणघडण, तुमचा मूळचा पिंड, तुमच्यातल्या जाणिवा, तुमच्यातली संवेदनशीलता, तुमचे विचार, तुमच्या भावना, तुमचं व्यक्त होणं, तुमच्यातली समज, तुमचा स्वतःचा व्यक्तिमत्त्व विकास, तुमचा जगाकडे बघण्याचा दृष्टिकोन, तुमची आदर्शांची कल्पना... यावर तुमचं पालकत्व कमी अधिक प्रमाणात ठरत असतं. खूपदा आपल्या बालपणी घडलेले दुःखद आणि त्रासदायक प्रसंग पालकत्वात शिकवण देतात. त्या प्रसंगांतून बोध घेतला जातो आणि त्याचा परिणाम मग साहजिकच त्यांच्या स्वतःच्या पालकत्वावरती होतो आणि फरकाचा मात्र मुलांना बसतो!

म्हणून पालकत्वामध्ये आपण दुःखद आणि अप्रिय गोष्टी किती लवकर विसरतो, इतरांना आणि स्वतःला माफ करण्याचं औदार्य आपल्यात आहे का, यावरही पालकत्व अवलंबून असतं. आयुष्य म्हणजे सुखदुःखांची, प्रेम आणि द्वेष यांची, चांगल्या आणि वाईट यांची नेहमीच सरमिसळ असते; परंतु यात कायाची निवड करायची, हे ठरवण्याची प्रत्येकाकडे तेवढीच विवेकबुद्धी हा लागते. पालकांना तर ती विशेष करून आवश्यकच लागते. कारण ही सरमिसळ तुंबी तुमच्या आयुष्याच्या मूल्यांमध्ये, विचारांमध्ये आणि भावनांमध्ये जशीच्या तशी आणली, तर त्याचे दुष्परिणाम हे पालकत्वावरती होतच होत असतात! पालकत्व हा सर्वात महत्त्वाचा विषय आहे. त्यावर आपलं स्वतःचं आणि आपल्या कुटुंबाचं जीवनमान ठरत असतं. जीवनमूल्य आकार घेत असतात; परंतु अशा महत्त्वाच्या विषयाचा अभ्यास करण्यासाठी कोणतीही व्यवस्था उपलब्ध नाही, हे दुर्दैवी गोष्ट आहे. पालकत्वाचा अभ्यासक्रम नाही. पालकत्वाचा कुठलाही कोर्स नाही. शाळा नाहीत, कॉलेज नाहीत. थोडीशी व्यक्ती आई किंवा वडील झाली की ती नैसर्गिकरीत्या पालकत्वासाठी तयार आहे असं आपण समजतो... पालकत्वाला सर्टिफिकेट नाही. त्यामुळे खूपदा ज्याला जसं पाहिजे तसं त्याचं पालकत्व हे आकार घेत राहतं. म्हणूनच पालकत्व हे घराणेगणिक बदलतं. खूपशा गोष्टी या घराणेगणिक बदलत राहिल्या, तरी पालकत्वाचा मूलभूत गाभा आणि पाया हा बदलू शकत नाही. या दोन्ही गोष्टी बदलता कामा नयेत, याची खबरदारी पालकांनी घ्यायला हवी...

91.लेखकाच्या मते कोणत्या गोष्टीचा उलगडा झाला की पालकत्त्वाचा प्रवास सुगम, सुंदर होतो?

(1) पालकत्त्व स्वत:साठी की मुलांसाठी
(2) मूलभूत गाभा की पाया
(3) महत्त्वाकांक्षा की संस्कार
(4) मूळचा पिंड की जाणिवा

Why: लेखक म्हणतो, पालकत्व स्वत:साठी की मुलांसाठी या प्रश्नाचे उत्तर मिळाले की पालकत्वाचा प्रवास सरळ, सुंदर आणि सोपा होतो.

92.बहुतांशी पालकत्व कोणत्या गोष्टीमुळे ठरत असते?

(1) पालकांचे स्वत:चे पूर्वायुष्य
(2) घडलेले दु:खद आणि यातनादायी प्रसंग
(3) कुटुंबाचे जीवनमान
(4) प्रेम आणि द्वेष यांची सरमिसळ

Why: पालकांचे लहानपण कसे गेले, त्यांचे संगोपन कसे झाले यावर पालकत्व ठरते. म्हणजे पालकांचे स्वत:चे पूर्वायुष्य.

93.पालकत्त्वाला प्रभावित करणाऱ्या घटकांपैकी लेखकाने न सांगितलेला घटक कोणता?

(1) तुमची आर्थिक सुबत्ता
(2) तुमच्यातल्या जाणिवा
(3) तुमच्यातली संवेदनशीलता
(4) तुमचे विचार-भावना

Why: लेखकाने जाणिवा, संवेदनशीलता, विचार-भावना यांचा उल्लेख केला आहे. आर्थिक सुबत्तेचा उल्लेख केलेला नाही.

94.पुढीलपैकी भाववाचक नाम कोणते?

(1) विकास
(2) आनंद
(3) शाळा
(4) पालकत्त्व

Why: आनंद ही मनातील भावना आहे. ती डोळ्यांना दिसत नाही. म्हणून ‘आनंद’ हे भाववाचक नाम आहे.

95.पुढीलपैकी शब्दयोगी अव्यय असलेले वाक्य कोणते?

(1) त्याचे परिणाम हे पालकावर होतातच.
(2) आपण अप्रिय गोष्टी लवकर विसरतो.
(3) मुलांच्या सोबतीने सुरु केलेली आनंदयात्रा.
(4) इतरांना आणि स्वत:ला माफ करावे.

Why: ‘पालकावर’ यात ‘वर’ हे शब्दयोगी अव्यय आहे. ते नामाला जोडून येते आणि त्याचा संबंध क्रियापदाशी दाखवते.

96.लेखकाच्या मते व्यक्तिपरत्वे पालकत्त्व बदलत राहिले तरी एक गोष्ट सहसा बदलत नाही. ही बाब कोणती?

(1) नीरक्षीर विवेक
(2) पालकत्त्वाचा अभ्यासक्रम
(3) औदार्य
(4) पालकत्त्वाचा गाभा आणि पाया

Why: लेखकाच्या मते घरागणिक पालकत्व बदलले तरी पालकत्वाचा मूलभूत गाभा आणि पाया बदलू शकत नाही.

97.आयुष्य म्हणजे दोन टोकाच्या घटकांची सरमिसळ असते, असे लेखकाला वाटते. लेखकाने न सांगितलेला पर्याय कोणता?

(1) सुख - दु:ख
(2) लोभ - मोह
(3) प्रेम - द्वेष
(4) चांगलं - वाईट

Why: उताऱ्यात सुख-दु:ख, प्रेम-द्वेष आणि चांगलं-वाईट यांची सरमिसळ सांगितली आहे. ‘लोभ-मोह’ यांचा उल्लेख नाही.

98.उताऱ्याच्या संदर्भात ‘ओझं’ या शब्दाचा नेमका अर्थ कोणता?

(1) डोक्यावरचे वजन
(2) एक जीवनमूल्य
(3) जबाबदारी
(4) पालकत्त्व

Why: ‘पालकत्व हे एक ओझं आहे’ यात ओझं म्हणजे डोक्यावरचे वजन नव्हे, तर जबाबदारी.

99.‘गुरांच्या गळ्यात अडकविले लाकूड’ या अर्थाचा कोणता शब्द उताऱ्यात आला आहे?

(1) गाभा
(2) लोढणं
(3) खेद
(4) फटका

Why: गुरांच्या गळ्यात अडकवलेल्या लाकडाला ‘लोढणं’ म्हणतात. उताऱ्यात ‘त्या प्रसंगाचं लोढणं’ असा शब्द आला आहे.

सूचना : पुढील कविता वाचा आणि प्रश्न क्रमांक 100 ते 105 यांसाठी योग्य पर्यायांची निवड करा.

सरिवर सरी आल्या ग
सचैल गोपी न्हाल्या ग
गोपी झाल्या भिजून चिंब
थरथर कापती निंब-कदंब
घनांतून तळतळ-मृदंग
तनूत वाजवि चाल अनंग
पाने पिटिती टाळ्या ग
सरिवर सरी आल्या ग

मल्ल्हाराची जळतां धून
वीज नाचते अधूनमधून
वनांत गेला मोर भिजून
गोपी खिदळल्या पदरी भिजून
घुमतो पावा सांग कुण?
कृष्ण कसा उमटे न अजून?
वेली ऋतुमती झाल्या ग
सरिवर सरी आल्या ग

100.‘पावा’ या शब्दाचा समानार्थी शब्द शोधा:

(1) बासरी
(2) धून
(3) नाद
(4) लय

Why: ‘पावा’ म्हणजे बासरी. कृष्णाचा पावा प्रसिद्ध आहे.

101.पुढीलपैकी कोण कदंबाशी संबंधित आहे?

(1) वीज
(2) सरी
(3) गोपी
(4) वेल

Why: कदंबाचे झाड कृष्ण आणि गोपी यांच्याशी जोडलेले आहे. कवितेतही गोपी आणि कदंब एकत्र येतात.

102.‘पानें पिटिती टाळ्या ग’ यातून कोणता भाव प्रगट होतो?

(1) समाधान
(2) आनंद
(3) सुख
(4) तृप्ती

Why: पाऊस आल्याने पाने जणू टाळ्या वाजवतात. टाळ्या वाजवणे आनंदाचे लक्षण आहे.

103.‘घुमतो पावा सांग कुठून’ यांतील प्रश्नार्थक क्रियाविशेषण अव्यय ओळखा.

(1) घुमतो
(2) कुठून
(3) पावा
(4) सांग

Why: ‘कुठून’ हा शब्द ठिकाणाविषयी प्रश्न विचारतो. म्हणून ते प्रश्नार्थक क्रियाविशेषण अव्यय आहे.

104.‘कृष्ण कसा उमटे न अजून?’ यातील ‘कृष्ण’ हे काय आहे?

(1) नाम
(2) सामान्यनाम
(3) भाववाचकनाम
(4) विशेषनाम

Why: ‘कृष्ण’ हे एका विशिष्ट व्यक्तीचे नाव आहे. म्हणून ते विशेषनाम आहे.

105.या कवितेत कशाचे वर्णन केले आहे?

(1) पानांचे
(2) मोराचे
(3) कदंबाचे
(4) पावसाचे

Why: ‘सरींवर सरी आल्या’ अशा ओळींतून कवितेत पावसाचे वर्णन केले आहे.

106.कोझिकोड परिसरात विशिष्ट समुदायात बोलली जाणारी मलयालम भाषा ही त्या परिसरातील दुसऱ्या भागात बोलल्या जाणाऱ्या मलयालम भाषेपेक्षा किंचित वेगळी आहे. विशिष्ट समुदायाकडून बोलली जाणारी मलयालम भाषा म्हणजे ...

(1) मलयालमचे दोन प्रकार
(2) मलयालमची प्रादेशिक बोली
(3) मलयालमची सामाजिक बोली
(4) त्या दोन्ही स्वतंत्र भाषा आहेत

Why: एखाद्या विशिष्ट समुदायाकडून बोलले जाणारे भाषेचे रूप म्हणजे सामाजिक बोली. प्रादेशिक बोली प्रदेशानुसार बदलते.

107.विविध गटांना पुढील नियत कार्य देण्यात आले आहे. या शब्दसंग्रह पाठांतर उपक्रमाला काय म्हणता येईल?
पुढील शब्दातील शब्द आणि कथन यांचा सहसंबंध स्पष्ट करणारा घटक शोधा.
( कुटुंब ) ( नातेसंबंध ) ( भावना )

(1) आशयात्मक शब्दसंग्रह (ThematicVocabulary)
(2) शब्द जोडी (Word Cluster)
(3) शब्दसंग्रह जोडी (Cluster Vocabulary)
(4) शब्द जाल (Word - Web)

Why: कुटुंब, नातेसंबंध, भावना अशा विषयांशी (आशयाशी) संबंधित शब्द शोधणे म्हणजे आशयात्मक शब्दसंग्रह.

108.नित्यंदिन व्यवहारात परस्परांशी बोलली जाणारी भाषा म्हणजे ...

(1) ज्ञानात्मक शैक्षणिक भाषा नैपुण्य (CALP)
(2) मूलभूत परस्पर भाषा संज्ञापन कौशल्य (BICS)
(3) संज्ञापनात्मक भाषा कौशल्य
(4) परस्पर भाषा नैपुण्य

Why: रोजच्या प्रत्यक्ष बोलण्यातील भाषा म्हणजे BICS (मूलभूत परस्पर भाषा संज्ञापन कौशल्य). CALP ही शैक्षणिक भाषा आहे.

109.माध्यमिक पातळीवरची शिक्षिका विद्यार्थ्यांना एक मजकूर/कथा वाचून त्यावर मजकुरातील आशय आणि कल्पना यावर शक्ती आणि न्याय या दृष्टिकोनातून चर्चा करायला सांगते. या उपक्रमातून विद्यार्थ्यांच्या कोणत्या घटकाचा विकास शिक्षिकेला अपेक्षित आहे?

(1) समीक्षात्मक साक्षरता कौशल्य
(2) समीक्षात्मक शिक्षणशास्त्र
(3) समीक्षात्मक भाषा विकास
(4) उच्च पातळीवरचे भाषा कौशल्य

Why: शक्ती आणि न्याय या दृष्टिकोनातून मजकूर वाचणे आणि तपासणे म्हणजे समीक्षात्मक साक्षरता.

110.व्याकरणाच्या अध्ययन-अध्यापनात कार्यात्मक (Procedural) ज्ञान म्हणजे ....

(1) व्याकरणिक घटक कसे वापरावे याचे ज्ञान
(2) व्याकरणिक घटकांबद्दल माहिती असणे
(3) व्याकरणिक घटकांचे नियम माहित असणे
(4) भाषा आणि तिची संस्कृती माहित असणे

Why: कार्यात्मक ज्ञान म्हणजे व्याकरणिक घटक कसा वापरायचा हे जाणणे. त्याच्याबद्दल माहिती असणे हे निर्देशक ज्ञान आहे.

111.इयत्ता सातवीची शिक्षिका वर्गात जोडकार्य करुन घेते. जोड्यांना दहा वाक्ये असलेली कथा दिली जाते. जोडीतील एक मूल पहिले वाक्य वाचते नि दूसरे मूल ते वाक्य लिहिते. नंतर दुसरे मूल वाक्य वाचते नि पहिले मूल वाक्य लिहिते. या प्रकारे ते उपक्रम पूर्ण करतात शेवटी त्यांचे लेखन मूळ मजकुराशी तपासून घेतात. या उपक्रमाला काय म्हणतात?

(1) परस्पर लेखन
(2) परस्पर श्रवण
(3) श्रुति-लेखन (Dictation)
(4) परस्पर श्रुति-लेखन (Mutual Dictation)

Why: जोडीतील मुले आळीपाळीने एकमेकांची वाक्ये वाचतात व लिहितात. याला परस्पर श्रुति-लेखन म्हणतात.

112.संकेतभाषेच्या संदर्भात पुढीलपैकी कोणते विधान योग्य नाही?

(1) संकेत भाषेचे अनेक प्रकार आहेत.
(2) संकेत भाषा ही नैसर्गिक भाषा आहे.
(3) संकेत भाषेचे व्याकरण नसते.
(4) संकेत भाषेचे व्याकरण असते.

Why: संकेत भाषा ही पूर्ण नैसर्गिक भाषा आहे आणि तिला स्वत:चे व्याकरण असते. म्हणून ‘व्याकरण नसते’ हे विधान योग्य नाही.

113.त्रिभाषा धोरणाच्या संदर्भात पुढीलपैकी कोणते विधान योग्य आहे?

(1) मातृभाषा/घरची भाषा/प्रादेशिक भाषा ही प्रथम भाषा असणे.
(2) इंग्रजी/हिंदी/घरची भाषा/स्थानिक भाषा ही प्रथम भाषा असणे.
(3) मातृभाषा/घरची भाषा/हिंदी ही प्रथम भाषा असणे.
(4) मातृभाषा/घरची भाषा/इंग्रजी ही प्रथम भाषा असणे.

Why: त्रिभाषा धोरणात पहिली भाषा मातृभाषा, घरची भाषा किंवा प्रादेशिक भाषा असते.

114.उपचारात्मक शिक्षण हे __________ यांना दिले जाते.

(1) ज्यांना भाषा शिक्षणात काही विशिष्ट मुद्यांवर विशेष गरज असते
(2) विशिष्ट विद्यार्थ्यांच्या गरजा लक्षात घेऊन स्वत:चे शिक्षण सुधारुन घेणाऱ्या शिक्षकांना
(3) आपले अध्ययन/अध्यापन सुधारुन घेण्याची इच्छा असणाऱ्या विद्यार्थी आणि शिक्षकांना
(4) भाषा परीक्षेत मुलांचे गुण वाढावे असे वाटणाऱ्या विद्यार्थ्यांना

Why: उपचारात्मक शिक्षण विद्यार्थी आणि शिक्षक दोघांसाठी आहे. त्यातून ते आपले अध्ययन/अध्यापन समजून सुधारतात.

115.एक शिक्षण पद्धती जिच्यात एक शिक्षक आणि एकाच समूहातील चार वेगवेगळे विद्यार्थी एकत्र येतात. उताऱ्यातील आशयावर त्यांच्यात संवाद घडतो. यातून एकसमान विकास होऊन वाचन आकलन सुधारते. ही पद्धत म्हणजे ...

(1) व्याकरण भाषांतर पद्धती
(2) अन्योन्य अध्यापन (Reciprocal Teaching)
(3) संरचनात्मक पद्धती
(4) आदर्श वाचन

Why: अन्योन्य अध्यापनात शिक्षक आणि विद्यार्थी आळीपाळीने मजकुरावरील संवादाचे नेतृत्व करतात. त्यामुळे वाचन आकलन सुधारते.

116.एक भाषा शिक्षिका इंग्रजीतून एक कथा सांगते आणि विद्यार्थ्यांना ती कथा त्यांच्या भाषेत आणि वर्गाच्या भाषेत सांगण्यास लावते. या शैक्षणिक उपक्रमाला काय म्हणता येईल?

(1) प्रतिभाषिकता (Translanguaging)
(2) बहुभाषिक धोरण
(3) बहुभाषा शिक्षण
(4) भाषा संपादन

Why: वर्गात विद्यार्थ्यांच्या सर्व भाषांचा साधन म्हणून वापर करणे म्हणजे प्रतिभाषिकता (ट्रान्सलँग्वेजिंग).

117.एखादी विशिष्ट माहिती मिळवण्यासाठी विद्यार्थी वर्तमानपत्रातील बातमी वाचतो. हे वाचन म्हणजे...

(1) समीक्षात्मक वाचन
(2) चाळणे (Skimming)
(3) न्याहाळणे (Scanning)
(4) अभ्यास कौशल्य

Why: विशिष्ट माहिती शोधण्यासाठी मजकुरावरून नजर फिरवत वाचणे म्हणजे न्याहाळणे (स्कॅनिंग).

118.आंतरभाषीय ओळख म्हणजे ...

(1) विद्यार्थ्याला मूळ भाषा आणि लक्ष्य भाषा यांत बरेच साम्य असल्याची जाणीव होणे.
(2) विद्यार्थ्याला मूळ भाषा आणि लक्ष्य भाषा यांत साम्य नसल्याची जाणीव होणे.
(3) मूळ भाषेचे ज्ञान हे दुसरी भाषा शिकण्यात अडथळा आणते असे विद्यार्थ्याला वाटणे.
(4) वेगवेगळ्या भाषा शिकण्यासाठी वेगवेगळ्या क्षमता लागतात असे विद्यार्थ्याचे निरीक्षण असणे.

Why: मातृभाषेतील एखादी गोष्ट आणि लक्ष्य भाषेतील गोष्ट सारखी आहे, असे विद्यार्थ्याला वाटणे म्हणजे आंतरभाषीय ओळख.

119.सहाव्या इयत्तेची विद्यार्थीनी श्रेया, वडिलांची बदली झाल्यामुळे जलंधर (पंजाब) येथून मदुरै (तामिळनाडू) येथे येते. तिला तिची मातृभाषा, पंजाबी येते आणि शाळेतील दुसरी भाषा म्हणून इंग्रजी येते. सवंगड्यांच्या नि सभोवतालच्या मदतीने ती तामिळ बोलू-वाचू लागते. तिच्या या क्षमतेच्या संदर्भात कोणते विधान योग्य आहे?

(1) तिचे पंजाबी आणि तामिळचे ज्ञान म्हणजे भाषा संपादन आणि इंग्रजी म्हणजे भाषा शिक्षण
(2) तिचे तामिळ म्हणजे भाषा संपादन आणि इंग्रजी व पंजाबी म्हणजे भाषा शिक्षण
(3) तीनही भाषा, पंजाबी, तामिळ आणि इंग्रजी म्हणजे भाषा शिक्षण
(4) तिचे इंग्रजी म्हणजे भाषा संपादन आणि पंजाबी व तामिळ म्हणजे भाषा शिक्षण

Why: श्रेयाने पंजाबी आणि तामिळ परिसरातून सहज आत्मसात केल्या, हे भाषा संपादन. इंग्रजी ती शाळेत औपचारिकपणे शिकली, हे भाषा शिक्षण.

120.पुढीलपैकी विस्तृत वाचनाचे कोणते उद्दिष्ट नाही?

(1) आकलनासाठी वाचन
(2) भाकित करण्यासाठी वाचन
(3) व्याकरणाचे ज्ञान मिळविण्यासाठी वाचन
(4) आनंदासाठी वाचन

Why: विस्तृत वाचन म्हणजे आनंदासाठी आणि आकलनासाठी भरपूर वाचन. व्याकरण शिकणे हे त्याचे उद्दिष्ट नाही.

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow. (121-128)

1. The loss in earnings that farmers see due to extreme weather events or erratic seasonality is, by now, accepted as the most widely felt economic impact of climate change. Farmers were the first people to feel the impacts of climate change, which ultimately affects the country’s overall agricultural output and adds to food inflation. High food prices, in turn, could result in people slashing down consumption, which adversely impacts nutritional security.

2. A significant number of farming households produce food for their own consumption. These households have given birth to an old saying : those who eat their own food are the healthiest. In countries like India, where malnutrition is high and food insecurity is a nagging constant, such households have used the home production system to remain out of this crisis. As studies point out, these households are also protected from market fluctuations, thus ensuring that they can afford healthy food. Obviously, they are not impacted by food inflation either.

3. But there are serious conversations taking place over how climate change-induced extreme weather events would impact such households. We need to understand the link between nutrition intake and household food production, and whether weather fluctuations would have any impact on this. Researchers have analysed village level data from households with their own food production and consumption, and co-related this with the local weather conditions to infer whether there was a correlation. The paper establishes that people growing their own food consume more, thus adding to nutrition levels and attaining overall food security. There was also reduction in child stunting and underweight conditions as well as women achieving a normal body mass index. These trends are more pronounced in remote villages.

121.Read the following sentences:
(a) A significant number of Indian households afford healthy food.
(b) Household food production has limited impact on food inflation.
(c) Food insecurity is an occasional phenomenon in India.

(1) (a), (b) and (c) are all incorrect
(2) (a) and (c) are incorrect, (b) is correct
(3) (a) and (b) are incorrect, (c) is correct
(4) (b) and (c) are incorrect, (a) is correct

Why: The passage says such households can afford healthy food, so (a) is correct. Home production keeps them safe from food inflation, and food insecurity in India is called a ‘nagging constant’, not occasional. So (b) and (c) are incorrect.

122.Identify the parts of speech of the underlined words.
A significant number of farming households produce food for their own consumption.

(1) adjective, pronoun
(2) adverb, pronoun
(3) noun, adjective
(4) noun, pronoun

Why: ‘Significant’ describes the noun ‘number’, so it is an adjective. The key takes ‘own’ as a pronoun.

123.Complete the given word analogy:
local : global : : erratic : ___?___

(1) believable
(2) consistent
(3) disputable
(4) dependable

Why: Local and global are opposites. The opposite of ‘erratic’ (irregular) is ‘consistent’.

124.What is correct about the health status of farmers who take to household food production?

(1) children are malnourished
(2) better nutritional intake
(3) stunted growth of children
(4) women with higher body mass index

Why: The study found that families who grow their own food eat more and get better nutrition.

125.By which word can the underlined word be replaced in the given sentence?
‘These trends are more pronounced in remote areas.’

(1) disregarded
(2) important
(3) noticeable
(4) ignored

Why: ‘Pronounced’ here means clearly seen. ‘Noticeable’ has the same meaning.

126.As mentioned in para 1, what is the series of events that are triggered by climate change?
(a) increase in prices of food items
(b) detrimental effect on nutritional security
(c) extreme weather conditions
(d) reduced food consumption

(1) (a) → (d) → (c) → (b)
(2) (c) → (a) → (d) → (b)
(3) (b) → (c) → (d) → (a)
(4) (c) → (b) → (d) → (a)

Why: Climate change brings extreme weather (c). This raises food prices (a). People then eat less (d), which harms nutritional security (b).

127.Some households have remained out of the crisis of food insecurity by adopting -

(1) high food prices
(2) climate change conditions
(3) protection from extreme weather conditions
(4) home production systems

Why: The passage says such households used the home production system to stay out of the crisis.

128.Which statement is incorrect with regard to household food production?

(1) Nutritional intake was better
(2) Food consumption in such households was higher
(3) Women enjoyed normal body mass index
(4) Increase in number of malnourished children

Why: The study found less stunting and underweight among children. So an increase in malnourished children is incorrect.

Read the given extract and answer the questions that follow. (129-135)

1. Untouchable, a charming French comedy about two friends who have almost nothing in common, has been a huge international success. But before the story became a cinematic sensation, how exactly did a rich French aristocrat and an Algerian immigrant with a criminal past become good friends? Philip and Abdul first met in Paris in 1993 when Philip was looking for a nurse. He was from a very wealthy family. At one time he had been a successful business man, living a life of great luxury. Then he had a terrible paragliding accident and lost the use of his arms and legs. Life in a wheelchair was lonely and boring. Philip was struggling to imagine the future, and he needed practical help with his day-to-day life.

2. Philip interviewed more than 80 people for the job of a nurse. But none of them seemed right. Then he met Abdul, who had quit a life of crime in Algeria and moved to France to look for work. He was lively, intelligent and quick-thinking, with a crazy sense of humour. Philip got on with Abdul immediately, and he offered him the job. The two men didn’t have much in common. Abdul loved pop music, but Philip preferred classical music. Philip loved modern art, but Abdul hated it. Philip’s family was sure that he had made a bad choice. They believed that Philip needed someone much more sensible. Meanwhile, Abdul wasn’t planning on staying in the job for long.

3. However, their working relationship quickly developed into a close friendship. Abdul gave Philip the support he needed. More importantly, his energy and sense of humour brought fun and excitement back into Philip’s life. Abdul helped Philip make trips to other countries. Both of them now live in different countries, each with a wife and family. They keep in touch regularly. And all that really matters to their friendship, though, it is their shared love of laughter and adventure.

129.Read the sentences given below:
(a) ‘Untouchable’ is a French comedy movie.
(b) The theme revolves around 2 friends, Philip and Abdul, who have similar tastes.
(c) The movie was a huge success in France and Algeria.

(1) (a), (b) and (c) are all incorrect
(2) (a) and (c) are correct, (b) is incorrect
(3) (b) and (c) are incorrect, (a) is correct
(4) (a) and (b) are correct, (c) is incorrect

Why: ‘Untouchable’ is a French comedy, so (a) is correct. The two friends have almost nothing in common, so (b) is incorrect. The passage calls it an international success but does not name France and Algeria, so (c) is incorrect.

130.Complete the given word analogy:
Luxury : opulence : : sensation : ___?___

(1) disaster
(2) callousness
(3) feeling
(4) suspicion

Why: Luxury and opulence mean nearly the same. A word with nearly the same meaning as ‘sensation’ is ‘feeling’.

131.What bound the two very different men together for years?

(1) their love for adventure sports
(2) warm friendship
(3) love for music
(4) their immigration status

Why: The two very different men were held together by a warm friendship.

132.Why did Philip need a nurse?

(1) To wipe out Abdul’s criminal past.
(2) To help him with day-to-day practical things of life.
(3) To listen to classical music together.
(4) To resolve Abdul’s immigration status.

Why: Philip needed a nurse to help him with the practical things of daily life.

133.Abdul migrated to France to -

(1) work in the movie industry
(2) run away from the Algerian police
(3) listen to pop music
(4) search for employment

Why: Abdul came to France looking for work.

134.Which aspect of Abdul’s personality is not true?

(1) He had a criminal past record.
(2) He was quick-witted and supportive.
(3) He shared a close rapport with his employer.
(4) He preferred listening to classical music.

Why: Abdul liked pop music, while Philip liked classical music. So ‘he preferred classical music’ is not true of Abdul.

135.Identify the parts of speech of the underlined words.
However, their working relationship quickly developed into a close friendship.

(1) adjective, adverb
(2) verb, adverb
(3) adjective, verb
(4) noun, adverb

Why: ‘Working’ describes the noun ‘relationship’, so it is an adjective. ‘Quickly’ tells how it developed, so it is an adverb.

136.Which of the following methods advocates oral drilling and ‘mastery of the formal properties of language’ as essential for language learning?

(1) Audiolingualism
(2) Communicative language teaching
(3) Grammar translation method
(4) Total Physical Response

Why: Audiolingualism stresses oral drills and mastery of the forms of language.

137.Elam is a student of class VII is able to speak four languages, Kannada, Marathi, Hindi and English. He uses all the four languages freely when he speaks to his parents at home and in school he uses Hindi, Kannada and English as these are the language known to his friends and teachers. What is this practice known as?

(1) Translingual ability
(2) Code-meshing
(3) Code-moving
(4) Interlanguage

Why: Elam moves easily between his four languages as the situation needs. This is translingual ability.

138.Which one of the following statements is true of language learning?

(1) Knowledge of the native/first language interferes in the learning of second language.
(2) Knowledge of the native/first language has nothing to do in the learning of second language.
(3) Knowledge of the native/first language supports in the learning of second language.
(4) First language learning and second language are completely distinct.

Why: Knowledge of the first language supports learning a second language. Learners transfer skills and ideas from it.

139.A teacher of class VI brought items like spoon, plate, utensils, boxes and pan to her classroom to teach vocabulary from there writing a description of objects in kitchen. What are these objects known as in language teaching?

(1) Teaching materials
(2) Realia
(3) Cooking items
(4) Real life tasks

Why: Real objects brought into class to teach language are called realia.

140.Declarative knowledge is __________

(1) knowing to pronounce word in a language.
(2) knowledge about the grammatical item.
(3) knowing how to identify an error in a grammatical item.
(4) knowing how to do the grammatical item.

Why: Declarative knowledge is knowing about a grammar item, such as its rule. Knowing how to use it is procedural knowledge.

141.Here is a situation where students were exposed to the opposite perspective of the subject under consideration to allow them to further understand it. What does this process attempt to promote among learners?

(1) Critical analysis
(2) Process based pedagogy
(3) Critical Literacy
(4) Literacy development

Why: Showing students the opposite view helps them question a text and see whose view it gives. This promotes critical literacy.

142.What is ‘Translanguaging’?

(1) It refers to moving from one language to another language while teaching-learning languages.
(2) It refers to understanding how languages change over the period of time.
(3) It is a pedagogical process of using more than one language as resources in a classroom.
(4) It is language-in-education policy on how many languages are to be taught in a school.

Why: Translanguaging is using more than one language as a resource for learning in the classroom.

143.Which of the following processes involved for learning to write well in a language?

(1) Braining storming – making an outline – drafting – jotting down points – editing – finalizing.
(2) Braining storming – jotting down points – writing the draft – making an outline – editing – finalising.
(3) Braining storming – jotting down points – writing the draft – editing – making an outline – finalizing.
(4) Braining storming – jotting down points – making an outline – writing the draft – editing – finalising.

Why: Good writing moves step by step: brainstorming, jotting points, making an outline, writing a draft, editing and finalising.

144.Learners in a class of Social Science try to capture the main ideas of the classroom lecture and make point of the lecture. What is this skill known as?

(1) Study skill
(2) Listening skill
(3) Writing skill
(4) Cognitive skill

Why: Picking out main ideas and noting them from a lecture is a study skill (note-making).

145.Here is a question. Read and find out which typology of question it belongs to.
“Having read the story of the little girl, you feel moved by her suffering and courage to face the trouble. You would write a letter to the little girl appreciating her. Write the letter in about 120 words.”

(1) Expressive questions
(2) Long answer question
(3) Extrapolative question
(4) Discursive question

Why: The student must go beyond the story and write a letter to the girl. Going beyond the text is extrapolation.

146.A teacher in class VIII read out a text of five sentences in English twice and asked her learners to listen to the text carefully. Then she asked them to work in group of four to recreate text nearer to the one read out, not exactly the same. What is this activity known as?

(1) Writing task
(2) Paragraph Dictation
(3) Collective Dictation
(4) Listening task

Why: CBSE accepted options 2 and 3. Learners listen to a short text and then rebuild it together in groups. This is a form of dictation (dictogloss).

147.This refers to the proficiency in academic language or language needed for various content areas.

(1) Inter-language proficiency
(2) Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS)
(3) Communicative language proficiency
(4) Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP)

Why: Language needed for academic subjects is CALP (Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency).

148.Which of the following is NOT true of National Education Policy 2020 on language education?

(1) Study of a classical language under three language formula.
(2) Study of mother tongue/home language under three language formula.
(3) Study of Indian languages under three language formula.
(4) Study of English as language under three language formula.

Why: [KEY] The CBSE key credits option 1. In the key’s reading, the three-language formula covers the mother tongue, Indian languages and English. A classical language is offered as an option, not as part of the formula.

149.Which one of the following is true of the three language formula?

(1) All children begin their schooling in the medium of English/home language and move on to add at least two more languages by the time they complete their high school.
(2) All children begin their schooling in their state language and move on to add at least two more languages by the time they complete their high school.
(3) All children begin their schooling in the official language, Hindi and move on to add at least two more languages by the time they complete their high school.
(4) All children begin their schooling in their mother tongue/home language and move on to add at least two more languages by the time they complete their high school.

Why: Under the three-language formula, children begin school in their mother tongue or home language. They add at least two more languages by the end of school.

150.Learning Outcomes attempt to enable learner to:

(1) attain the grammatical knowledge in measurable terms.
(2) attain the competencies in measurable terms.
(3) attain minimum levels of learning of all skills.
(4) attain language components in measurable terms.

Why: Learning outcomes state what competencies a learner should attain, in terms that can be measured.

CTET January 2024 — Paper II (Maths and Science)

Choose your language papers

Central Teacher Eligibility Test — January 2024
Paper II (Maths and Science)

Part I — Child Development and Pedagogy

Part II — Mathematics and Science

Part IV — Language I — Marathi

Part V — Language II — English

Answer Key