MAK LABS — CTET 21 January 2024 Paper II (Maths and Science) Question Paper with Answer Key

1.According to Vygotsky, what is the role of the teacher in facilitating cognitive development?

(1) To provide information and knowledge to the student.
(2) To guide and support the student’s learning through scaffolding.
(3) To allow the student to learn completely independently.
(4) To give only those tasks that the student can currently do independently.

Why: Vygotsky saw the teacher as a guide. The teacher gives support (scaffolding) when the task is hard and slowly withdraws it as the child learns.

2.Which of the following statements about adolescence is not correct?

(1) Adolescence is a social construction.
(2) Adolescence is generally considered to begin with puberty - the process that leads to sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce.
(3) Adolescence is developmental transition between childhood and adulthood entailing physical, cognitive and psychosocial changes.
(4) Children across different cultures usher in and experience adolescence in a similar manner.

Why: Adolescence is shaped by culture. Different cultures mark and experience it in different ways. So option 4 is not correct.

3.Sujata participates eagerly in the dance competition only because she is interested in winning the first prize of cash. Sujata is:

(1) Intrinsically motivated
(2) Extrinsically motivated
(3) Mastery-Oriented learner
(4) Failure-avoiding learner

Why: Sujata dances only to win the cash prize. Her motive comes from an outside reward, so she is extrinsically motivated.

4.In order to address the individual differences among learners, a teacher should:

(1) acknowledge differences as abnormal and kind of deficit
(2) be indifferent towards individual differences
(3) consider differences as obvious feature of human diversity
(4) implement a rigid and uniform curriculum for all learners

Why: Individual differences are a natural part of human diversity. A teacher should accept them and plan for them.

5.Jean Piaget believed that knowledge is:

(1) constructed by the child rather than being passed passively from the environment.
(2) innate and given rather than acquired through interactions.
(3) co-constructed in interactions with more knowledgeable others.
(4) a visible behavioural change that can be measured with reliability.

Why: Piaget believed that children build (construct) knowledge by acting on their world. They do not just receive it.

6.In a progressive classroom assessment is:

(1) Dynamic
(2) Objective
(3) Summative
(4) Normative

Why: In a progressive class, assessment goes on along with learning. It changes with the learner’s needs, so it is dynamic.

7.Which of the following process is essential in meaning-making of the information received from environment and store it further in memory?

(1) Attention
(2) Decay
(3) Forgetting
(4) Retrieval

Why: Information is noticed first, and only then can it be understood and stored. So attention is the essential first step.

8.Which of the following is an example of a question that requires students to analyze information?

(1) What is the plot of the novel “To Kill a Mockingbird”?
(2) What is the theme of the novel “To Kill a Mockingbird”?
(3) How does the author use symbolism in “To Kill a Mockingbird”?
(4) Who is the protagonist of “To Kill a Mockingbird”?

Why: Asking how the author uses symbolism needs the student to break the text into parts and study them. This is analysis. Plot and character name need only recall.

9.Assertion (A): Teachers should constantly reflect on their own stereotypes and bias.
Reason (R): Culturally responsive teaching means that teachers are reflective.
Choose the correct option:

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why: Culturally responsive teachers reflect on their own beliefs. So they keep checking their stereotypes and bias. (R) explains (A).

10.The central argument of Carol Gilligan’s critique of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development is around:

(1) Ethics of care and the feminist perspective.
(2) Overestimation of children’s moral abilities.
(3) Use of experimental design in studying children.
(4) Educational implications of the study for school going children.

Why: Carol Gilligan said Kohlberg’s theory ignored the ‘ethics of care’ seen more in women. Her critique is from a feminist point of view.

11.Assertion (A): Learning from real-life problems and concrete experiences gives the children multiple pathways for learning and retrieving information.
Reason (R): Development is relatively orderly and sequential.
Choose the correct option:

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why: Learning from real-life problems gives many ways to learn and recall. Development is orderly and sequential. Both are true, but (R) does not explain (A).

12.Dyslexia is a _________ condition which impacts learner’s ability to ________.

(1) emotional, draw pictures
(2) neurological, link sounds with symbols
(3) physiological, socialize with peers
(4) sensory, coordinate body movements

Why: Dyslexia is a neurological condition. It affects the child’s ability to link sounds with letters (symbols).

13.A middle school teacher wants to enable meaningful learning by helping students make connections between concepts and real-world applications. Which of the following activities would be an appropriate pedagogical strategy?

(1) Let the students memorize terms and definitions.
(2) Let the students complete worksheets with multiple choice questions.
(3) Let the students learn by the method of stimulus-response conditioning.
(4) Let the students research on a current issue in small groups and present their findings to the class.

Why: Researching a current issue in groups and presenting it links concepts with real life. It also makes learning meaningful.

14.In which stage of Kohlberg’s moral development do children’s reasoning revolve around ethics of law?

(1) Pre-conventional morality
(2) Conventional morality
(3) Heteronomous morality
(4) Autonomous morality

Why: At the conventional level, children follow rules and laws to keep order in society. So their reasoning revolves around law.

15.Which of the following does not exemplify an inclusive classroom?

(1) Incorporation of diverse perspectives
(2) Following reasonable accommodation
(3) Offering differentiated instruction
(4) Encouraging competitive ethos

Why: An inclusive class values cooperation. A competitive ethos goes against inclusion.

16.Work in progress Portfolios are an effective tool for formative assessment because:
(a) They involve students in the process of assessment.
(b) They offer insights about the progress of individual students.
(c) They focus mainly in the presentation of the final product.
(d) They offer tangible evidence of student learning.

(1) (b), (c)
(2) (a), (d)
(3) (a), (b), (c)
(4) (a), (b), (d)

Why: A work-in-progress portfolio involves students, shows each student’s progress and gives real proof of learning. It does not focus mainly on the final product.

17.Which of the following describes a mastery goal orientation?

(1) focus on achieving a certain level of performance for competing with others.
(2) focus on improving ones’ skills and understanding of a task.
(3) focus on achieving a high grade for receiving external rewards.
(4) focus on avoiding failure or punishment for fear of humiliation.

Why: A mastery goal means trying to improve one’s own skill and understanding. It is not about beating others or getting rewards.

18.Which of the following best describes the role of the teacher in progressive education?

(1) The teacher is the primary source of knowledge and authority in the classroom.
(2) The teacher provides diverse materials for children to experiment and provides scaffolding as and when required.
(3) The teacher is responsible for ensuring strict adherence to curriculum standards.
(4) The teacher lets the children learn independently and does not interfere in their learning.

Why: In progressive education, the teacher gives many materials for children to explore. The teacher helps (scaffolds) when needed.

19.Asking Critical questions such as “how much and in what ways are various gender represented in textbooks and media” would encourage:

(1) Questioning gender stereotypes
(2) Strengthening gender constancy
(3) Reinforcing gender identity
(4) Discouraging gender role flexibility

Why: Asking how genders are shown in textbooks and media makes children question gender stereotypes.

20.According to Jean Piaget the ability to use symbols for symbols such as letting the letter X stand for an unknown numeral develops during __________ and enables the children to learn _________.

(1) concrete operational stage; algebra and calculus
(2) concrete operational stage; conservation and seriation
(3) formal operational stage; algebra and calculus
(4) formal operational stage; conservation and seriation

Why: Using a letter like x for an unknown number is abstract thinking. It develops in the formal operational stage. It helps children learn algebra and calculus.

21.Alok shows the following behaviours : Holds head in an awkward position when reading; squinting and rubbing the eye frequently; redness/swelling of eyes; confusing letters. These can be symptoms of potential:

(1) Visual problems
(2) Language comprehension problems
(3) Autistic spectrum disorder
(4) Communication disorder

Why: Holding the head awkwardly, squinting, rubbing the eyes and red eyes are signs of a vision problem.

22.Assertion (A): In an inclusive classroom, adaptations should be made in learning goals, pedagogical strategies as well as assessment.
Reason (R): The philosophy of inclusion advocates elimination of all individual differences through pedagogical approaches and assessment.
Choose the correct option:

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why: Inclusion adapts goals, methods and assessment for learners, so (A) is true. Inclusion respects differences. It does not try to remove them, so (R) is false.

23.According to Lev-Vygotsky children benefit from the experience of interacting with __________ while working _______ their zone of proximal development.

(1) more knowledgeable others; within
(2) more knowledgeable others; just outside
(3) the physical environment; within
(4) the physical environment; just outside

Why: Vygotsky said children learn best with help from more knowledgeable others. This happens while they work within their zone of proximal development.

24.A teacher notices that one of her students is highly distractible and has trouble paying attention during class. Which of the following strategies would is an effective strategy in helping the student stay focused?

(1) Giving the student repeated tasks to do during class.
(2) Strictly telling the student to increase their attention span.
(3) Giving a timer to student for self-regulation and time-management.
(4) Calling the parents and taking strict disciplinary action against the student.

Why: A timer helps the child manage time and control attention by himself. Scolding or punishing does not help.

25.Assertion (A): Students are more likely to do well and stay in school if they have emotional attachment to their school and believe that they matter.
Reason (R): Emotions play a significant role in learning.
Choose the correct option:

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why: When students feel attached to school and feel they matter, they learn better. This is because emotions play a big role in learning. (R) explains (A).

26.Which of the following is a core principle of constructivist learning theory?

(1) Teachers should provide direct instruction and explicit guidance to students.
(2) Learning occurs when students receive correct answers and feedback from teachers.
(3) Students construct their own knowledge through active engagement with their environment.
(4) Learning is primarily a passive process that involves receiving and memorizing information.

Why: Constructivism says students build their own knowledge by actively engaging with their surroundings.

27.Assertion (A): The less able a child is to do a task the more directions the teachers should give and as the child can do more and more the teacher should help less and less.
Reason (R): Intelligence cannot be accurately measured by calculating IQ.
Choose the correct option.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why: (A) describes scaffolding: more help at first, less help later. (R), that IQ cannot measure intelligence fully, is also true. But (R) does not explain (A).

28.Which of the following characterise the process of socialization?
(a) It is a linear process.
(b) It is a complex process.
(c) It is a multidimensional process.
(d) It takes place uniquely in different cultures.

(1) (a), (b)
(2) (b), (c)
(3) (b), (c), (d)
(4) (a), (b), (c), (d)

Why: Socialisation is complex and has many dimensions. It differs from culture to culture. It is not a linear process.

29.Assertion (A): There is no objectively definable moment when a child enters middle childhood or adolescence.
Reason (R): Development is continuous in nature.
Choose the correct option.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why: Development is continuous. So there is no exact moment when a child enters middle childhood or adolescence. (R) explains (A).

30.An elementary school teacher can strongly influence students’ development of academic self-concept by:

(1) Keeping very low expectations from all students
(2) Punishing autonomy and initiative in students
(3) Rewarding autonomy and initiative in students
(4) Keeping very low expectations from special students

Why: Rewarding children’s autonomy and initiative builds their confidence. This shapes a positive academic self-concept.

31.BD is the diagonal of parallelogram ABCD such that ∠CBD = 12x, ∠ABD = 7y, ∠ADB = 60° and ∠CDB = 28°. Then, the value of 2x + 3y is:

(1) 20°
(2) 21°
(3) 22°
(4) 23°

Why: In a parallelogram AD ∥ BC and AB ∥ DC. So ∠CBD = ∠ADB (alternate angles): 12x = 60, x = 5. Also ∠ABD = ∠CDB: 7y = 28, y = 4. So 2x + 3y = 10 + 12 = 22.

32.A student listed the following properties of Rational Numbers. Which one/ones is/are correct?
(a) A rational number includes integers.
(b) 0 (zero) is not a rational number.
(c) All fractions are rational numbers.
Choose the correct option:

(1) (a) and (c)
(2) Only (b)
(3) Only (c)
(4) (a) and (b)

Why: Every integer is a rational number, so (a) is correct. 0 = 0/1 is rational, so (b) is wrong. Every fraction p/q is rational, so (c) is correct.

33.One of the factors of p³x + p²(x − y) − p(y + z) − z is:

(1) p²x − py + z
(2) p²x + py + z
(3) p²x − py − z
(4) p²x + py − z

Why: Group the terms: p³x + p²x − p²y − py − pz − z = p²x(p + 1) − py(p + 1) − z(p + 1) = (p + 1)(p²x − py − z).

34.If the median of the data 30, 8, 7, 3, 17, 15, 21, 24, 29, 23 is x and the median of the data obtained by replacing 3 by 33 and 8 by 18 in the above data is y, then what is the difference between y and x?

(1) 1
(2) 2
(3) 3
(4) 4

Why: In order: 3, 7, 8, 15, 17, 21, 23, 24, 29, 30. Median x = (17 + 21)/2 = 19. New data: 7, 15, 17, 18, 21, 23, 24, 29, 30, 33. Median y = (21 + 23)/2 = 22. y − x = 3.

35.Three numbers are in the ratio 2 : 3 : 4 and the sum of their cubes is 33957. What is the sum of the three numbers?

(1) 54
(2) 63
(3) 72
(4) 81

Why: Let the numbers be 2k, 3k, 4k. Then 8k³ + 27k³ + 64k³ = 99k³ = 33957. So k³ = 343 and k = 7. Sum = 9k = 63.

36.The number of vertices (V), edges (E) and faces (F) of a polyhedron are respectively 10, 15 and x. Then, the value of (3x−12) is:

(1) 7
(2) 9
(3) 14
(4) 18

Why: Euler’s formula: F + V − E = 2. So x + 10 − 15 = 2, x = 7. Then 3x − 12 = 21 − 12 = 9.

37.If x/y = (−¹⁄₃)⁻³ ÷ (²⁄₃)⁻⁴, then what is the value of (x/y + y/x)⁻¹?

(1) −³⁄₁₆
(2) ¹⁹⁄₄₈
(3) ³⁸⁄₇₃
(4) −⁴⁸⁄₂₆₅

Why: (−1/3)⁻³ = −27 and (2/3)⁻⁴ = 81/16. So x/y = −27 × 16/81 = −16/3. Then x/y + y/x = −16/3 − 3/16 = −265/48. Its reciprocal is −48/265.

38.Concept was labelled as ‘Schema’ by:

(1) Vygotsky
(2) Piaget
(3) Bruner
(4) Van Hieles

Why: Piaget called the mental structures that organise our ideas ‘schemas’.

39.If x=1.011+10.11−12.101+0.1011, then what should be added to x to get the sum as 1.1?

(1) 1.9789
(2) 0.3111
(3) 0.2211
(4) 1.1311

Why: x = 1.011 + 10.11 − 12.101 + 0.1011 = −0.8789. Number to add = 1.1 − (−0.8789) = 1.9789.

40.Teacher conducted an oral assessment in class and found that Ram can speak definition of all types of numbers - odd, even, prime and composite accurately, but not able to identify the numbers accurately when given a set of numbers. Which of the following is most appropriate for the above situation?

(1) Ram has good memory but lacks practice.
(2) Ram has good memory but lacks concentration.
(3) Ram has good memory but lacks conceptual understanding.
(4) Ram has analytical ability.

Why: Ram can say the definitions but cannot use them to identify numbers. He has memorised them without understanding the concepts.

41.A shopkeeper sells an article for ₹ 324 after giving a discount of 28% on its marked price. The cost price of the article is ₹ 300. If he sells the article by giving 18% discount on its same marked price, then what will be his profit percent?

(1) 10%
(2) 19%
(3) 23%
(4) 24%

Why: Marked price = 324 ÷ 0.72 = ₹ 450. With 18% discount, SP = 0.82 × 450 = ₹ 369. Profit = 69 on ₹ 300, which is 23%.

42.The product of two rational numbers is −⁴⁰⁄₃. If one of the two numbers is −⁵⁄₂, then the reciprocal of the other number lies between:

(1) ³⁄₂₀ and ⁹⁄₅₀
(2) ⁹⁄₅₀ and ¹⁄₅
(3) ¹⁄₅ and ¹⁄₄
(4) ¹⁄₄ and ¹⁄₃

Why: Other number = (−40/3) ÷ (−5/2) = 16/3. Its reciprocal is 3/16 = 0.1875. It lies between 9/50 (0.18) and 1/5 (0.2).

43.A class VI mathematics teacher posed the following problem to her students : “In a morning walk, three persons started together. Their steps measure 70 cm, 85 cm and 95 cm respectively. What is the minimum distance each should walk so that all can cover the same distance in complete steps?” Which of the following concepts would be required to solve the given problem?

(1) Concept of HCF
(2) Concept of LCM
(3) Concept of division
(4) Concept of proportion

Why: Each person must cover a distance that is a multiple of his step length. The smallest common distance is the LCM of 70, 85 and 95.

44.A student was given the following problem on percentage to solve, “Find the percentage of decrease if the population of a city decreased from 28,000 to 26,500.”
She wrote the following solution,
Original population = 28,000; New population = 26,500
% decrease = ^26,500⁄_28,000 × 100% = 94.6%
Which of the following is most appropriate with respect to the response of the student?

(1) Student is able to understand the concept of percentage but is not able to understand percentage of which quantity is to be found.
(2) Student has solved the question correctly but has used wrong symbols in solution.
(3) Student does not know the concept of percentage.
(4) Student has made a careless mistake.

Why: The student found new population as a percent of the old one. The decrease should be (28,000 − 26,500)/28,000 × 100 ≈ 5.4%. She knows percentage but chose the wrong quantity.

45.The difference between two supplementary angles is 20°. If the smaller of these angles is p, then the value of 3p − 50° is:

(1) 310°
(2) 270°
(3) 250°
(4) 190°

Why: The angles add up to 180° and differ by 20°. So they are 100° and 80°, and p = 80°. Then 3p − 50° = 240° − 50° = 190°.

46.x varies inversely as y. When x=3.5, then y=2.4. What is the value of y when x=5.6?

(1) 1.4
(2) 1.5
(3) 2.1
(4) 2.8

Why: In inverse variation, xy stays the same. 3.5 × 2.4 = 8.4. So y = 8.4 ÷ 5.6 = 1.5.

47.Which among the following Learning-Teaching Resources (LTRs) are most appropriate for visually challenged students in mathematics classroom?
(a) Geogebra
(b) Taylor’s abacus
(c) Computer
(d) Spreadsheet
Choose the correct option:

(1) (a) and (b)
(2) (c) and (d)
(3) (b) and (c)
(4) (b), (c) and (d)

Why: Taylor’s abacus is made for visually challenged learners. A computer with screen-reading software also helps them. GeoGebra and spreadsheets are visual tools.

48.National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 recommends that Sports Integrated Pedagogy needs to be used in classroom teaching. Which among the following are correct in the context of using sports integrated pedagogy in mathematics classroom?
(a) Teaching-learning process shall become joyful.
(b) It is not possible to use sports for teaching mathematics.
(c) It will be time consuming and hence needs to be avoided.
(d) Apart from popular sports, there are many indigenous sports which can be used in teaching mathematics.
Choose the correct option:

(1) (a) and (c)
(2) (b) and (c)
(3) (a) and (d)
(4) (b), (c) and (d)

Why: Sports make learning joyful, and many indigenous games can be used to teach mathematics. So (a) and (d) are correct.

49.The area of the curved surface of a right circular cylinder is 4400 cm² and the circumference of its base is 110 cm. Its volume (in m³) is: (Use π = ²²⁄₇)

(1) 0.0284
(2) 0.0385
(3) 0.0285
(4) 0.0382

Why: 2πr = 110 cm, so r = 17.5 cm. Curved surface = 2πrh = 110h = 4400, so h = 40 cm. Volume = πr²h = 22/7 × 17.5 × 17.5 × 40 = 38500 cm³ = 0.0385 m³.

50.A box opened at the top is made of wood of thickness 3 cm. Its external length, breadth and height are respectively 1.48 m, 1.16 m and 83 cm (base = length × breadth). What will be the cost of painting its inner surface at ₹ 150 per m²?

(1) ₹ 838.20
(2) ₹ 839.10
(3) ₹ 841.40
(4) ₹ 842.50

Why: Inner size: 142 cm × 110 cm, height 80 cm (base is 3 cm thick, top is open). Inner area = 1.42 × 1.10 + 2 × 0.8 × (1.42 + 1.10) = 1.562 + 4.032 = 5.594 m². Cost = 5.594 × 150 = ₹ 839.10.

51.In triangles ABC and DEF; ∠B = 90°, BC = 8 cm, ∠A = 40°, DE = 8 cm, ∠F = 40° and ∠E = 90°. Then, which of the following statements is true?

(1) ∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF, by RHS
(2) ∆ABC ≅ ∆FED, by RHS
(3) ∆ABC ≅ ∆DFE, by AAS
(4) ∆ABC ≅ ∆FED, by AAS

Why: A matches F (40°), B matches E (90°), so C matches D. BC is opposite ∠A and ED is opposite ∠F, and both are 8 cm. So ΔABC ≅ ΔFED by AAS.

52.Three consecutive integers are such that when they are taken in increasing order and multiplied by 3, 5 and 2, respectively, they add up to 99. What is the sum of the original first and third integers?

(1) 16
(2) 18
(3) 20
(4) 24

Why: Let the integers be n, n + 1, n + 2. Then 3n + 5(n + 1) + 2(n + 2) = 99, so 10n + 9 = 99 and n = 9. First + third = 9 + 11 = 20.

53.A middle school mathematics teacher poses the following question to her class. “Which type of graph would you use to show the following data?
(a) The heights of participants in an athletics meet
(b) The number of passengers boarding trains from 9:00 am to 9:00 pm at a station.” The intention of the teacher is to -

(1) Help learners understand the difference between bar graph and line graph.
(2) Introduce the concept of pie charts.
(3) Teach line graph through contextual situations.
(4) Teach the use of histograms for data representation.

Why: Heights of athletes are continuous data grouped in class intervals. Such data are shown with a histogram. So the teacher wants to teach the use of histograms.

54.If a 8 - digit number 9 4 7 1 x 9 y 2 is divisible by 72, then which of the following statements is not true?

(1) x=8 and y=5
(2) x=4 and y=9
(3) x=9 and y=5
(4) x=3 and y=1

Why: For 72, the number must be divisible by 8 and 9. For 8, the last three digits 9y2 must divide by 8, so y = 1, 5 or 9. For 9, 32 + x + y must divide by 9, so x + y = 4 or 13. This gives (3, 1), (8, 5) and (4, 9). x = 9, y = 5 does not work.

55.Mathematics is a way of thinking since:
(a) It provides an opportunity for students to engage in proofs and examining patterns.
(b) Students reproduce formulae and symbols during problem solving.
(c) Students use appropriate strategies for solving various new problems.
Choose the correct option:

(1) (a) and (b)
(2) (b) and (c)
(3) (a) and (c)
(4) Only (b)

Why: Mathematics is a way of thinking because students reason, prove, study patterns and use their own strategies for new problems. Reproducing formulae is not thinking.

56.The following table shows the number of different fruits kept in a carton:

Type of fruits	Mangoes	Apples	Oranges	Guavas	Pomegranates
Number	44	56	42	30	38

If a pie chart is constructed for the above data, what will be the angle of the sector representing apples?

(1) 79.2°
(2) 72°
(3) 96°
(4) 100.8°

Why: Total fruits = 44 + 56 + 42 + 30 + 38 = 210. Angle for apples = 56/210 × 360° = 96°.

57.The lengths of the parallel sides of a trapezium are 11 cm and 25 cm and the distance between them is 12 cm. Its area is equal to the area of a rectangle whose sides are in the ratio 3 : 2. What is the perimeter (in cm) of the rectangle?

(1) 40
(2) 50
(3) 60
(4) 70

Why: Area of trapezium = ½ × (11 + 25) × 12 = 216 cm². Rectangle sides 3k and 2k: 6k² = 216, so k = 6. Sides are 18 cm and 12 cm. Perimeter = 2(18 + 12) = 60 cm.

58.If A = −2x² + 12x, B = 11 − 8x + 3x², C = 17 − 4x² and D = x² − x − 3, then what is the sum of the co-efficients of x² and x in (A + B + C − D)?

(1) 0
(2) −1
(3) 1
(4) 3

Why: Coefficient of x²: −2 + 3 − 4 − 1 = −4. Coefficient of x: 12 − 8 + 0 + 1 = 5. Sum = −4 + 5 = 1.

59.Which of the following is not a dimension of assessment of mathematics learning?

(1) Communication
(2) Patterns and procedures
(3) Disposition towards mathematics
(4) Mathematical reasoning

Why: [KEY] The CBSE key credits option 3. It treats disposition towards mathematics as an attitude, not a dimension of assessing learning. Note that some NCERT assessment guides also mention disposition.

60.In triangle PQR, ∠P = 55° and QR = 18 cm. In which of the following cases, ΔPQR can be an obtuse scalene triangle?

(1) ∠R = 25° and PQ = 18 cm
(2) ∠R = 15° and PR > 18 cm
(3) ∠R = 65° and PQ > 18 cm
(4) ∠R = 35° and PR = 18 cm

Why: If ∠R = 15°, then ∠Q = 180° − 55° − 15° = 110°, which is obtuse. The side opposite the obtuse angle (PR) is the longest, so PR > 18 cm. All sides are different, so the triangle is scalene.

61.Read the following paragraph carefully and select the option which would correctly fill the blanks in the given order.
Sound is produced by vibration and different musical instruments have specific vibrating parts. In a ___X___ the sound is produced by stretched strings, in a ___Y___ it is the stretched membrane that vibrates and in a ___Z___ the vibrating part that produces sound is the air column.
X, Y and Z can respectively be:

(1) sitar, harmonium, dholak
(2) dholak, ektara, mouth organ
(3) guitar, tabla, shehnai
(4) ektara, violin, piano

Why: A guitar has strings, a tabla has a stretched membrane and a shehnai has a vibrating air column.

62.Identify the set of micronutrients (nutrients required by plants in small quantities):

(1) Potassium, Magnesium, Copper
(2) Copper, Phosphorous, Calcium
(3) Sulphur, Aluminium, Chlorine
(4) Zinc, Iron, Manganese

Why: Plants need zinc, iron and manganese only in small amounts. They are micronutrients. Potassium, phosphorus, calcium and sulphur are needed in larger amounts.

63.Read the following statements carefully and select the correct option.
Assertion (A): The stars in the night sky appear to move from east to west.
Reason (R): The earth rotates from west to east.

(1) (A) and (R) are both correct and (R) is the correct explanation for (A).
(2) (A) and (R) are both correct but (R) is not the correct explanation for (A).
(3) (A) is correct but (R) is incorrect.
(4) (A) and (R) are both incorrect.

Why: The earth rotates from west to east. So the stars seem to move the opposite way, from east to west. (R) explains (A).

64.Which of the following statements regarding rusting of iron are true?
(a) It involves a chemical reaction between iron and oxygen.
(b) It is an exothermic reaction.
(c) It can take place at room temperature.
(d) It is reversible reaction.

(1) (a), (b), (d)
(2) (b) and (c)
(3) (a) and (d)
(4) (a), (b) and (c)

Why: Rusting is a slow reaction of iron with oxygen (and moisture). It gives out heat and happens at room temperature. It cannot be reversed easily.

65.Match the substances in column A with their chemical names in column B.

(A)	(B)
(a) Slaked lime	(i) Calcium oxide
(b) Table salt	(ii) Sodium bicarbonate
(c) Limestone	(iii) Calcium carbonate
(d) Caustic soda	(iv) Calcium hydroxide
(e) Quick lime	(v) Sodium hydroxide
(f) Baking soda	(vi) Sodium chloride

(1) (a)-(iv), (b)-(vi), (c)-(iii), (d)-(v), (e)-(i), (f)-(ii)
(2) (a)-(vi), (b)-(ii), (c)-(v), (d)-(i), (e)-(iii), (f)-(iv)
(3) (a)-(i), (b)-(vi), (c)-(iii), (d)-(v), (e)-(ii), (f)-(iv)
(4) (a)-(iv), (b)-(v), (c)-(iii), (d)-(ii), (e)-(i), (f)-(vi)

Why: Slaked lime = calcium hydroxide, table salt = sodium chloride, limestone = calcium carbonate, caustic soda = sodium hydroxide, quick lime = calcium oxide and baking soda = sodium bicarbonate.

66.Identify the correct statement(s):
(a) A fact is an observation that has repeatedly been found to be true over the time.
(b) A law is a theory that has repeatedly been found to be true over the time.

(1) Only (a)
(2) (a) and (b)
(3) Only (b)
(4) Neither (a) nor (b)

Why: A fact is an observation found true again and again. A law describes a pattern in nature. It is not a theory that has become true. So only (a) is correct.

67.Read the following text : When a negatively charged rod is brought near an uncharged electroscope,
(a) the electroscope leaves move further apart
(b) both the electroscope leaves acquire similar charge
(c) the negative charges pass on to the electroscope causing its leaves to move further apart Of the above three statements:

(1) (a) is an observation while (b) and (c) are inferences
(2) (a) and (b) are observations and (c) is an inference
(3) (a), (b) and (c) are observations
(4) (a), (b) and (c) are inferences

Why: Seeing the leaves move apart is an observation. Saying that they got the same charge, and that charges passed into them, are inferences drawn from it.

68.Which of the following gases are responsible for acid rain?
(a) Nitrogen
(b) Oxygen
(c) Ozone
(d) Sulphur dioxide
(e) Nitric oxide

(1) (a) and (b)
(2) (b) and (c)
(3) (c) and (d)
(4) (d) and (e)

Why: Sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen (such as nitric oxide) dissolve in rain water. They form acids and cause acid rain.

69.Which of the following is NOT indicative of the hypothesising skill?

(1) Formulating questions which lead to inquiry
(2) Attempting to explain observations or relationships in terms of some principle
(3) Using the senses to gather information
(4) Identifying variables for an experiment

Why: Hypothesising means making a guess that can be tested. Using the senses to gather information is observing, not hypothesising.

70.Identify the correct statements from the following:
(a) Generally non-metals do not react with water.
(b) Generally non-metals do not react with acids.

(1) Only (a)
(2) Only (b)
(3) Both (a) and (b)
(4) Neither (a) nor (b)

Why: Generally non-metals do not react with water. They also do not give hydrogen with dilute acids. Both statements are correct.

71.A ball is thrown up in the air. It reaches a maximum height and then returns to the thrower. Which of the following quantities have the same values during the upward and downward motion of the ball?

(1) Acceleration
(2) Force of gravity
(3) Displacement
(4) Work done by gravity

Why: CBSE accepted options 1 and 2. The acceleration (g, downward) and the force of gravity (mg) stay the same going up and coming down. Displacement and work done by gravity change sign.

72.A body has a linear momentum of p and a mass of m. The kinetic energy of the body is:

(1) p²m
(2) 2p²m
(3) ^p²⁄_2m
(4) pm

Why: KE = ½mv² and p = mv. So v = p/m and KE = ½m(p/m)² = p²/2m.

73.Which of the following is the most suitable strategy for introducing the students to the concept of ‘chemical reactions’ at upper primary level?

(1) Explain the concept of valence electrons and electronic configuration
(2) Write the chemical equations in symbolic form and ask students to observe
(3) Define a chemical reaction and give examples
(4) Hold a discussion on chemical reactions which students are likely to have observed in their lives

Why: Start with reactions students have seen in daily life, like rusting or curdling of milk. This makes the idea easy to grasp before using symbols.

74.Which of the following is a set of animals in which all show external fertilization?

(1) Hens, lizards, butterflies
(2) Lizards, butterflies, frogs
(3) Butterflies, frogs, fish
(4) Frogs, fish, starfish

Why: Frogs, fish and starfish release eggs and sperm in water. So fertilisation happens outside the body.

75.Consider the test item given below and match the following:

Column - A	Column - B
Unit of force	Joule
Symbol of iron	HCl
Formula of hydrochloric acid	Ag
Unit of work	—\| \| \|— (battery symbol)
Symbol of silver	Calorie
Symbol of battery	Fe
	Newton

Which of the following is not a reason that can be given to justify that the item is poorly constructed?

(1) For an entry in column A there are at the most two plausible entries in column B
(2) There are unequal entries in column A and B
(3) The matching pairs can be easily guessed
(4) There is inconsistency among entries

Why: Having more entries in column B than in column A is a good practice. It reduces guessing. So it is not a reason for calling the item poor.

76.Read the following statements and select the correct option.
Assertion (A): Dried raisins when left in plain water for some time swell due to osmosis.
Reason (R): Plant cells have a selectively permeable cell membrane.

(1) (A) and (R) are both correct and (R) is the correct explanation for (A).
(2) (A) and (R) are both correct but (R) is not the correct explanation for (A).
(3) (A) is correct but (R) is incorrect.
(4) (A) is incorrect but (R) is correct.

Why: Raisins swell because water enters their cells by osmosis. Osmosis needs a selectively permeable membrane. So (R) explains (A).

77.Which of the following would be a most suitable strategy to introduce the topic ‘deficiency diseases’ at upper primary level?

(1) Provide a definition of balanced diet and introduce the concept of deficiency.
(2) Arrange for a doctor’s prescription pertaining to a deficiency disease and hold a discussion around it.
(3) List the various nutrients and the functions they perform in human body.
(4) Hold a discussion on common human diseases.

Why: A real doctor’s prescription for a deficiency disease brings a real-life case into class. A discussion on it is a good way to start the topic.

78.Which of the following best explains the statement ‘science promotes scepticism’?

(1) Scientists judge the validity of a claim based on objective empirical evidence
(2) Science is purely inductive in nature
(3) Scientists do not trust the findings of other scientists
(4) Scientists are open-minded and willing to modify their ideas

Why: Scepticism means not accepting a claim without proof. Scientists judge a claim by objective evidence.

79.A box of mass 500 gm is lying on a horizontal table. Which of the following statements is true regarding the force(s) acting on it? [g = 10 m/s²]

(1) No force acts on it
(2) An unbalanced force of 5 N acts on it in downward direction
(3) A pair of balanced forces acts on it
(4) An unbalanced force of 5 N acts on it in the upward direction

Why: The weight of the box (5 N) acts down, and the table pushes up with 5 N. These balanced forces keep the box at rest.

80.___X___ is a device which is used to see around corners and is based on the principle of ___Y___. X and Y respectively are:

(1) Telescope, reflection
(2) Kaleidoscope, refraction
(3) Periscope, reflection
(4) Periscope, dispersion

Why: A periscope uses two plane mirrors to see around corners. It works on reflection of light.

81.X and Y are thick, black liquids which can be used for metalling the roads. X is derived from petroleum and Y is derived from coal. Which of the following can X and Y respectively be?

(1) Bitumen, Coal Tar
(2) Coal Tar, Charcoal
(3) Charcoal, Bitumen
(4) Coal Tar, Bitumen

Why: Bitumen is obtained from petroleum and coal tar from coal. Both are black liquids used for metalling roads.

82.Which of the following is not desirable with respect to carrying out of a classroom demonstration by a teacher?

(1) Rehearse the demonstration before carrying it out in class
(2) Emphasise beforehand the linkages that students are required to make
(3) Supplement the demonstration with explanations
(4) Follow up the demonstration with discussion

Why: Telling students beforehand what links to make takes away their own thinking. So it is not desirable in a demonstration.

83.Which of the following statement(s) is correct?

(1) Fertilisers are richer in specific nutrients as compared to manure
(2) Fertilisers enhance the water holding capacity of the soil
(3) Fertilisers provide a lot of humus to the soil
(4) Fertilisers increase the number of friendly microbes in soil

Why: Fertilisers are rich in particular nutrients like N, P and K. Humus, water holding and microbes come from manure, not fertilisers.

84.Find the set that correctly matches the plants in column A with the mode of asexual reproduction which they exhibit:

Column A	Column B
(a) Rose	(i) Budding
(b) Yeast	(ii) Spore formation
(c) Ferns	(iii) Fragmentation
(d) Spirogyra	(iv) Pollination
	(v) Vegetative propagation

(1) (a)-(v), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iii)
(2) (a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(v), (d)-(iii)
(3) (a)-(v), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
(4) (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)

Why: Rose grows by vegetative propagation, yeast by budding, ferns by spores and Spirogyra by fragmentation.

85.Which of the following plant disease(s) are caused by bacteria?
(a) Rust of wheat
(b) Citrus tanker
(c) Yellow vein mosaic of bhindi

(1) (a) and (b)
(2) Only (b)
(3) (b) and (c)
(4) Only (c)

Why: Citrus canker is caused by bacteria. Rust of wheat is caused by a fungus, and yellow vein mosaic of bhindi by a virus.

86.The difference between maximum and minimum resistance that can be obtained by connecting three resistances of ¹⁄₃ Ω each is:

(1) ²⁄₃ Ω
(2) ⁸⁄₉ Ω
(3) 1 Ω
(4) ¹⁄₉ Ω

Why: In series, R = 3 × 1/3 = 1 Ω (maximum). In parallel, R = (1/3) ÷ 3 = 1/9 Ω (minimum). Difference = 1 − 1/9 = 8/9 Ω.

87.A teacher, while teaching the chapter ‘Body Movements’ to class VI students shows the following images to her students : A sailing boat, swimming fish and a flying aeroplane. She then asks the students to reflect on the shape of the images and the manner of movement. Which of the following are likely to be employed by students in answering?
(a) Classifying
(b) Observing
(c) Inductive reasoning
(d) Measuring

(1) (a) and (b)
(2) (b) and (c)
(3) (c) and (d)
(4) (a) and (d)

Why: Students look at the pictures (observing) and draw a general idea about streamlined shapes from them (inductive reasoning).

88.Seed dispersal may be said to help the plants in all of the following except:

(1) over crowding
(2) avoid competition for sunlight, water and minerals
(3) invade new habitats
(4) produce new varieties

Why: [KEY] The CBSE key credits option 1. Seed dispersal helps plants avoid overcrowding and competition, and reach new habitats. So it does not ‘help in overcrowding’. (Strictly, dispersal does not produce new varieties either, but the key accepts only option 1.)

89.Which of the following is the most suitable reason behind Newtons theory of gravitation being regarded as an excellent theory?

(1) It explains larger number of observations by making fewer assumptions
(2) It has been arrived at after thorough experimentation
(3) It has been formulated using the precise language of mathematics
(4) It has been developed over a long period of time

Why: A good theory explains many observations with few assumptions. Newton’s theory explains falling objects, tides and planetary motion with one simple law.

90.Read the following statements carefully and select the correct option.
S1: Rayon is a synthetic fibre.
S2: Rayon is made without using any natural raw material.

(1) Both S1 and S2 are true
(2) S1 is true and S2 is false
(3) S1 is false and S2 is true
(4) Both S1 and S2 are false

Why: Rayon is a man-made fibre, grouped with synthetic fibres. But it is made from wood pulp, a natural raw material. So S1 is true and S2 is false.

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow. (91-99)

1. We were walking across the garden when my daughter spotted a cluster of familiar red flowers. She pulled me to one side and then, looking excitedly at me as though she had a secret to share, she pulled me down to her height and whispered in my ears. I shot up straight almost as soon as she had finished her sentence. With my mouth ajar, I was about to tell her that it was probably not a good idea to do so when I was transported to the time when I was around her age.

2. It had been a rather long day from school and I was dead tired. I was walking along the pathway that was lined with many ixora plants when my friend grabbed me by the arm. Before I could do anything, he gleefully plucked a single flower from the cluster and showed it to me. Unimpressed, I was not about to be swayed by a puny flower and was about to admonish him when he turned the flower upside down to show me a tiny almost invisible thread-like thing that protruded out from its stalk.

3. He pulled the faint yellowish thread and right at the end of it, a tiny drop of nectar appeared. At least, that was what I think it was, as it was really quite sweet. That day we raided the ixora plants. We really had a lot of fun. I can still taste the sweetness till today. My daughter’s urgent tug brought me back to reality. I turned to my daughter and decided that she too needed to know the joy of tasting sweet nectar from beautiful blooms.

91.Identify the parts of speech of the underlined words.
I was transported to the time when I was around her age.

(1) noun, verb
(2) adjective, preposition
(3) noun, preposition
(4) noun, adverb

Why: ‘Time’ is the name of a thing, so it is a noun. ‘Around’ shows the relation between ‘I was’ and ‘her age’, so it is a preposition here.

92.From the given anecdote, one can assume that the 2 characters shared the relationship of:

(1) best friends
(2) mother and daughter
(3) school-mates
(4) grandmother and grand-child

Why: The narrator says ‘my daughter’ and is pulled down to her height. So they are mother and daughter.

93.‘to be transported in time’ means __________.

(1) travel backwards
(2) to indulge in time travel
(3) recollect memories of the past
(4) to take future decisions

Why: The mother remembers her own childhood. ‘Transported in time’ here means recollecting memories of the past.

94.‘I was about to admonish him ....’. The underlined word can be replaced by the word -

(1) appreciate
(2) reprimand
(3) refuse
(4) cajole

Why: ‘Admonish’ means to scold or warn someone. ‘Reprimand’ has the same meaning.

95.Complete the word analogy:
cluster : bunch : : puny : ___?___

(1) delicate
(2) colourful
(3) prickly
(4) long-stalked

Why: Cluster and bunch mean the same. So we need a word with the same meaning as ‘puny’, which means small and weak. ‘Delicate’ is the closest.

96.In para 1, according to the mother it was not a good idea to:

(1) taste sweet nectar from flowers
(2) raid the ixora plants
(3) walk in the garden the whole day long
(4) walk along the pathway alone

Why: The daughter whispered her secret: to taste nectar from the flowers. The mother first felt it was not a good idea.

97.‘To be dead tired’ does not mean -

(1) to feel too tired to walk
(2) to be exhausted
(3) to be completely exhausted
(4) to feel refreshed

Why: ‘Dead tired’ means very tired or exhausted. It does not mean feeling refreshed.

98.Read the following sentences:
Assertion (A): The child was excited to share a secret with her mother.
Reason (R): The mother was in disbelief and went down memory lane.

(1) (A) is correct, but (R) is incorrect
(2) Both (A) and (R) are correct
(3) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(4) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Why: The child was excited to share her secret. Hearing it, the mother was surprised and went back to her own childhood. The key takes (R) as the explanation of (A).

99.Read the following sentences:
(a) The writer is traumatised by the memories of her childhood.
(b) The daughter’s secret brings back nostalgic memories of the school days.
(c) The writer wants her child to be connected to the sweet pleasures of nature.

(1) (a) and (c) are correct, (b) is incorrect
(2) (b) and (c) are incorrect, (a) is correct
(3) (a) and (b) are correct, (c) is incorrect
(4) (b) and (c) are correct, (a) is incorrect

Why: The writer remembers her school days happily, so (b) is correct. She wants her daughter to know the joy of tasting nectar, so (c) is correct. She is not traumatised, so (a) is wrong.

My tea is nearly ready and the sun has left the sky;
Its time to take the window to see Leerie going by;
For every night at tea time and before you take your seat,
With lantern and with ladder he comes posting up the street.

Now Tom would be a driver and Maria may go to the sea;
And my papa’s a banker and as rich as he can be;
But I, when I’m stronger and choose what I’m to do,
O Leerie, I’ll go around at night and light the lamps with you

For we are very lucky, with a lamp before the door;
And Leerie stops to light it as he lights so many more;
And O! Before you hurry by with ladder and with light,
O Leerie, see a little child and nod to him tonight!

100.Why does the poet consider himself to be fortunate?

(1) He has a rich banker father.
(2) He doesn’t have to light other peoples’ doors.
(3) He has light at night by his door.
(4) He is strong and doesn’t have to make a choice in life.

Why: The poet says ‘we are very lucky, with a lamp before the door’. So he is fortunate to have a light at his door at night.

101.The phrase, ‘the sun has left the sky’ indicates that -

(1) it is morning
(2) it is forenoon
(3) it is afternoon
(4) it is evening time

Why: When the sun has left the sky, it is evening. The child is about to have his evening tea.

102.Read the following sentences:
(a) The poet occasionally has a light outside his door.
(b) The poet wants to be a banker like his father when he grows up.
(c) The poet is fascinated by the lamp lighter’s profession.

(1) (a) and (c) are correct, (b) is incorrect
(2) (b) and (c) are correct, (a) is incorrect
(3) (a) and (b) are incorrect, (c) is correct
(4) (a) and (b) are correct, (c) is incorrect

Why: The lamp is at his door every night, not occasionally, so (a) is incorrect. He wants to be a lamplighter, not a banker, so (b) is incorrect. He is fascinated by Leerie’s work, so (c) is correct.

103.With reference to the poem, complete the word analogy:
Leerie : lamplighter : : father : ___?___

(1) rich businessman
(2) driver
(3) sailor
(4) banker

Why: Leerie’s work is lamp lighting. The poet’s father (‘papa’) is a banker.

104.Identify the rhyme scheme in lines 5 - 8.

(1) abba
(2) aabb
(3) abab
(4) aaba

Why: Lines 5 to 8 end in sea/be and do/you. The first two rhyme and the next two rhyme. So the scheme is aabb.

105.The poet looks at the lamp-lighter’s profession with -

(1) wonder
(2) jealousy
(3) curiosity
(4) confusion

Why: The child admires Leerie and wants to do his work one day. He looks at the profession with wonder.

106.Malayalam spoken by a particular community in Kozhikodi is slightly different from the Malayalam spoken by others in the same place. What is the Malayalam spoken by the particular community known as?

(1) Two varieties of Malayalam
(2) Regional dialect of Malayalam
(3) Social dialect of Malayalam
(4) They are two different languages

Why: A form of a language spoken by a particular community or social group is a social dialect. A regional dialect differs from place to place.

107.Following learning task was given to learners in different groups. Find out what is this vocabulary learning activity known as.
Find words and phrases which relate to the following words.
( Family ) ( Relationship ) ( Feeling )

(1) Thematic Vocabulary
(2) Word clusters
(3) Cluster Vocabulary
(4) Word Web

Why: Finding words related to themes like family, relationship and feeling is thematic vocabulary building.

108.The language we use for day-to-day, face-to-face interaction is known as:

(1) Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP)
(2) Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS)
(3) Communicative language skills
(4) Interpersonal language proficiency

Why: The language used in everyday face-to-face talk is BICS (Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills). CALP is academic language.

109.A teacher at the secondary stage gives a text/short story and asks them to read and discuss the meaning and ideas of the text from the point of view of power and justice. What does the teacher attempt to develop in the learners?

(1) Critical literacy skills
(2) Critical pedagogy
(3) Critical language development
(4) Higher order language skills

Why: Reading a text from the angle of power and justice is critical literacy.

110.Procedural knowledge in the teaching-learning grammar is __________.

(1) knowing how to do the grammatical item.
(2) knowledge about the grammatical item.
(3) knowing the rules of the grammatical item.
(4) knowing the language and its culture.

Why: Procedural knowledge is knowing how to use a grammar item. Knowing about it is declarative knowledge.

111.A teacher of Class VII conducts a pair work activity in which the pairs are given a story of ten sentences. One in the pair reads out the first sentences and the other in the pair writes that sentence. Then other in the pair read out second sentence and the first in the pair writes the second sentence. Likewise the pairs complete the whole story. Later they compare their writing with the original text given to them. What is this activity known as?

(1) Mutual Writing
(2) Mutual Listening
(3) Sentence Dictation
(4) Mutual Dictation

Why: Partners take turns to read out and write each other’s sentences. This is mutual dictation.

112.Which of the following is NOT true of Sign Language?

(1) Sign language has many varieties.
(2) Sign language is a natural language.
(3) Sign language does not have a grammar.
(4) Sign language has a grammar.

Why: Sign language is a full natural language with its own grammar. So ‘it does not have a grammar’ is not true.

113.Which one of the following is true of the three language formula?

(1) Mother tongue/home language/regional language as the first language.
(2) English/Hindi/home language/local language as the first language.
(3) Mother tongue/home language/Hindi as the first language.
(4) Mother tongue/home language/English as the first language.

Why: Under the three-language formula, the first language is the mother tongue, home language or regional language.

114.Remedial teaching is for:

(1) learners who need attention on certain aspects of language learning.
(2) teachers who need to modify their teaching for certain student to learn the language.
(3) learners and teachers to understand and modify/improve their teaching/learning strategies.
(4) learners and teachers to enhance the scores in the examination in language paper.

Why: Remedial teaching helps both learners and teachers. It helps them understand and improve their learning and teaching strategies.

115.A method of teaching in which a teacher and four students form a collaborative learning group with different roles. Dialogues occur on the content of the text passage, which creates a zone of proximal development in which reading comprehension improves. This method is referred to as:

(1) Grammar Translation Method
(2) Reciprocal Teaching
(3) Structural Approach
(4) Model Reading

Why: In reciprocal teaching, the teacher and students take turns to lead a dialogue on the text. This improves reading comprehension.

116.A language teacher tells a story in English and asks learners to work in group to tell the story in the languages known to them and then in the common language of the classroom. What is this pedagogical strategy known as?

(1) Translanguaging
(2) Multilingual policy
(3) Multilanguage teaching
(4) Language acquisition

Why: Using all the languages learners know, along with the class language, is translanguaging.

117.A learner reads through the news item in the newspaper to know specific information. This reading is known as ____________.

(1) Critical reading
(2) Skimming
(3) Scanning
(4) Study skill

Why: Reading quickly to find a particular piece of information is scanning.

118.What is ‘interlingual identification’?

(1) Learner’s judgment that something in the native language and something in the target language are similar.
(2) Learner’s judgment that something in the native language and something in the target language are dissimilar.
(3) Learner’s judgment that the knowledge of the native language interferes in the learning of second language.
(4) Learner’s understanding that learning of different languages warrants different abilities.

Why: Interlingual identification is when a learner judges that something in the mother tongue and something in the new language are the same.

119.Shreya is a Class VI learner who moves from the Jalander in Punjab to Madurai in Tamil Nadu as her father has been transferred. She knows Punjabi as her mother tongue and English language she studies as her second language in school. She is able to speak and read Tamil learning from her neighbourhood. Which one of the following statements is true based on the languages she now knows?

(1) Her Punjabi and Tamil come under language acquisition and English comes under language learning.
(2) Her Tamil comes under language acquisition and English and Punjabi come under language learning.
(3) All the three languages, Punjabi, Tamil and English under language learning.
(4) Her English comes under language acquisition and Punjabi and Tamil come under language learning.

Why: Shreya picked up Punjabi and Tamil naturally from her surroundings. That is acquisition. She studies English formally in school. That is learning.

120.Which of the following is NOT the purpose of extensive reading?

(1) Reading for appreciation
(2) Reading for extrapolation
(3) Reading for learning grammar
(4) Reading for pleasure

Why: Extensive reading is reading a lot for pleasure and understanding. Learning grammar is not its aim.

निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर पूछे गए प्रश्नों के सही/सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त विकल्प का चयन कीजिए। (121-128)

हाल ही में मेडिकल इंडस्ट्री के एक जानकार दावा कर रहे हैं कि भविष्य में डॉक्टरों सर्जनों की जरूरत भी कम होने वाली है। एआई के जरिए लक्षणों को समझा जाएगा। आपकी केस हिस्ट्री एआई को पता होगी। ताजा हालत पूछ ली जाएगी और प्रिस्क्रिप्शन आपके हाथ में होगा। शारीरिक श्रम से जुड़े कामों पर शायद सबसे कम असर पड़ने वाला है। यह समझने का वक्त है कि एआई से फायदे होंगे या नुकसान। अभी तो इस नकली बुद्धिमत्ता को इंसान ने ही जन्म दिया है। उसका नियंत्रण है, लेकिन एआई वरदान ही रहे और भस्मासुर न बने, उसके लिए यह सोचने की जरूरत भी है कि मानवीय बुद्धिमत्ता के स्तर को इतना ऊँचा कैसे उठाया जाए कि एआई उस पर हावी न हो सके। अब अगर चैट जीपीटी बनाया है तो फिर पढ़ाई-लिखाई और इम्तहानों का वह तरीका कौन सा हो, जो बिना एआई के युवाओं और बच्चों के बौद्धिक स्तर को परख सके।

यह सवाल ऐसे हैं जिनके जवाब दे पाना मुश्किल है, पर नजर जरूर रखनी चाहिए। वैज्ञानिकों को भी तय करना चाहिए कि एआई ऐसी हो जो इंसानियत फैलाने में मददगार हो।

121.गद्यांश के आधार पर कहा जा सकता है कि एआई ऐसी होनी चाहिए जो:

(1) मानवीय क्षमताओं को कम करे।
(2) मानवीय गुणों का संस्कार दे।
(3) कम समय में अधिक कार्य करे।
(4) बिना बुद्धि के सारे जवाब दे दे।

Why: गद्यांश के अंत में कहा गया है कि एआई ऐसी हो जो इंसानियत फैलाने में मददगार हो। यानी वह मानवीय गुणों का संस्कार दे।

122.समूह से भिन्न शब्द है:

(1) पढ़ाई - लिखाई
(2) रात - दिन
(3) कंकड़ - पत्थर
(4) चाय - वाय

Why: पढ़ाई-लिखाई, रात-दिन और कंकड़-पत्थर में दोनों शब्द सार्थक हैं। ‘चाय-वाय’ में ‘वाय’ निरर्थक है, इसलिए यह भिन्न है।

123.‘मानवीय’ शब्द में प्रत्यय है:

(1) वीय
(2) य
(3) ईय
(4) इय

Why: मानव + ईय = मानवीय। इसमें ‘ईय’ प्रत्यय है।

124.एआई शारीरिक श्रम से जुड़े कार्यों पर संभवत: सबसे कम प्रभाव डाले। इससे कौन-सा कार्य प्रभावित नहीं होगा?

(1) चिकित्सा
(2) शिक्षण
(3) खेती-बाड़ी
(4) आविष्कार

Why: गद्यांश के अनुसार शारीरिक श्रम वाले कामों पर एआई का सबसे कम असर होगा। खेती-बाड़ी ऐसा ही काम है।

125.एआई को जन्म देने वाला कारक है:

(1) आवश्यकता
(2) तकनीक
(3) सभ्यता
(4) मानव

Why: गद्यांश कहता है कि इस नकली बुद्धिमत्ता को इंसान ने ही जन्म दिया है।

126.‘एआई’ का अर्थ है:

(1) एपल इंटेलीजेंस
(2) आर्टिफिशियल इंटेलीजेंस
(3) आर्टिफिशियल इंस्टीट्यूट
(4) एपल इंस्टीट्यूशन

Why: एआई का पूरा रूप है आर्टिफिशियल इंटेलीजेंस, यानी कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता।

127.एआई से शिक्षा जगत भी प्रभावित होगा। यह प्रभाव:

(1) नकारात्मक होगा
(2) शून्य होगा
(3) सकारात्मक होगा
(4) अधिक होगा

Why: गद्यांश में चिंता जताई गई है कि चैट जीपीटी के कारण पढ़ाई और परीक्षा का तरीका बदलना पड़ेगा। CBSE की कुंजी इस प्रभाव को नकारात्मक मानती है।

128.चिकित्सा से जुड़े कार्य करने में एआई भविष्य में क्या सहयोग करेगा?

(1) डॉक्टरों को जॉब देगा।
(2) केस हिस्ट्री बना देगा।
(3) अस्पतालों की संख्या कम कर देगा।
(4) अस्पतालों की संख्या बहुत बढ़ा देगा।

Why: गद्यांश के अनुसार एआई को आपकी केस हिस्ट्री पता होगी। यानी वह केस हिस्ट्री तैयार रखेगा।

निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को पढ़कर पूछे गए प्रश्नों के सही/सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त विकल्प का चयन कीजिए। (129-135)

प्रश्न उठता है कि प्राण का शरीर के साथ बेहतर तालमेल कैसे बैठाकर रखा जाए। ऐसा क्या करें कि प्राण शरीर के हर अंग की तरफ संतुलित और व्यवस्थित होकर बहे। देखा जाए तो बीमारी और कुछ भी नहीं, बल्कि प्राण का उस अंग विशेष में असंतुलित हो जाना ही है। स्वास्थ्य का अर्थ ही होता है - प्राण का समुचित तरीके से समस्त अंगों की तरफ बहना। योग में इस प्राण को बल देने के लिए अनेक अभ्यास हैं। इनके जरिए हम अपने प्राण को रोज बल दे सकते हैं और शरीर में होने वाली बीमारियों की रोकथाम कर सकते हैं। यह प्राण केवल हमारे शरीर की ही संभाल नहीं करता, यह मन, बुद्धि आदि प्रत्येक आयाम को जीवन देता रहता है।

129.जीवन के लिए सर्वाधिक महत्वपूर्ण है:

(1) योग के माध्यम से प्राणायाम करना।
(2) प्राण के माध्यम से योग करना।
(3) प्राण और शरीर का दीर्घायु होना।
(4) प्राण और शरीर का सामंजस्य।

Why: गद्यांश का मुख्य प्रश्न है कि प्राण का शरीर के साथ बेहतर तालमेल कैसे रखा जाए। अतः प्राण और शरीर का सामंजस्य सबसे महत्वपूर्ण है।

130.विशेषण शब्द का उदाहरण नहीं है:

(1) संतुलित
(2) स्वस्थ
(3) स्वास्थ्य
(4) व्यवस्थित

Why: संतुलित, स्वस्थ और व्यवस्थित विशेषण हैं। ‘स्वास्थ्य’ भाववाचक संज्ञा है।

131.प्राण वायु को सशक्त बनाने के अभ्यास _________ में है।

(1) शिक्षा
(2) योग
(3) चिकित्सक
(4) शिक्षक

Why: गद्यांश के अनुसार प्राण वायु को सशक्त बनाने के अभ्यास योग में हैं।

132.प्राण वायु शरीर के हर अंग में संतुलित और _________ होकर बहती है।

(1) व्यवस्थित
(2) अव्यवस्थित
(3) उत्तेजित
(4) मंद-मंद

Why: गद्यांश के अनुसार प्राण वायु शरीर के हर अंग में संतुलित और व्यवस्थित होकर बहती है।

133.रोग का कारण है:

(1) प्राण वायु का बहुत अधिक बढ़ जाना
(2) प्राण वायु का अंग विशेष में असंतुलन
(3) योग के माध्यम से शारीरिक शक्ति घटाना
(4) अपने शरीर की उचित देखभाल न करना

Why: जब किसी अंग विशेष में प्राण वायु असंतुलित हो जाती है, तब रोग होता है।

134.अच्छे स्वास्थ्य का संबंध _________ से है।

(1) अच्छे शरीर
(2) प्राण वायु
(3) योगाभ्यास
(4) बीमारियों के अभाव

Why: गद्यांश के अनुसार अच्छा स्वास्थ्य प्राण वायु के संतुलित प्रवाह से जुड़ा है।

135.‘बुद्धि’ में ‘इक’ प्रत्यय लगने पर शब्द बनेगा:

(1) बुद्धिक
(2) बौद्धिक
(3) बोद्धिक
(4) बौद्धीक

Why: ‘इक’ प्रत्यय लगने पर पहले स्वर की वृद्धि होती है। उ → औ। बुद्धि + इक = बौद्धिक।

136.निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सी विधि भाषा अधिगम के लिए ड्रिल और ‘भाषा के औपचारिक गुणधर्म में निपुणता’ को आवश्यक रूप की तरह अनुशंसा करती है?

(1) श्रव्य भाषावाद
(2) सम्प्रेषणात्मक भाषा शिक्षण
(3) व्याकरण अनुवाद विधि
(4) कुल भौतिक प्रतिक्रिया

Why: श्रव्य भाषावाद (ऑडियोलिंगुअलिज़्म) में मौखिक ड्रिल और भाषा के रूपों में निपुणता पर बल दिया जाता है।

137.कक्षा सात का विद्यार्थी ऐलम कन्नड़, मराठी, हिंदी और अंग्रेजी चार भाषाएँ जानता है। घर में जब वह अपने माता-पिता के साथ बात करता है तो प्रवाह के साथ चारों भाषाएँ बोलता है और विद्यालय में वह हिंदी, कन्नड़ तथा अंग्रेजी बोलता है क्योंकि उसके मित्र व अध्यापकों को यही भाषाएँ आती हैं। इस स्थिति को किस रूप में जाना जाएगा?

(1) परभाषिक (ट्रांसलिंग्युल) योग्यता
(2) कोड जाल (कोड मैशिंग)
(3) कोड से आगे जाना (कोड मूविंग)
(4) अन्तरभाषा (इंटरलैंग्युएज)

Why: ऐलम स्थिति के अनुसार अपनी चारों भाषाओं में सहजता से आता-जाता है। यह परभाषिक योग्यता है।

138.भाषा अधिगम के बारे में कौन-सा कथन सही है?

(1) सहजात/प्रथम भाषा का ज्ञान द्वितीय भाषा के अधिगम में अवरोध डालता है।
(2) सहजात/प्रथम भाषा के ज्ञान का द्वितीय भाषा अधिगम से कोई लेना-देना नहीं है।
(3) सहजात/प्रथम भाषा का ज्ञान द्वितीय भाषा के अधिगम को समर्थित करता है।
(4) प्रथम भाषा अधिगम और द्वितीय भाषा दोनों पूरी तरह से अलग-अलग हैं।

Why: प्रथम भाषा का ज्ञान दूसरी भाषा सीखने में सहायता करता है। शिक्षार्थी उससे कौशल और समझ ले आते हैं।

139.कक्षा छह की अध्यापिका शब्दावली समृद्ध करने के लिए चम्मच, प्लेट, डिब्बे, परात कक्षा में लेकर आती है। इन्हें दिखाकर वह रसोई में इस्तेमाल होने वाली वस्तुओं का विवरण लिखना चाहती है। भाषा शिक्षण के संदर्भ में इन वस्तुओं को क्या कहेंगे?

(1) शिक्षण सामग्री
(2) वास्तविक वस्तुएँ (रीयलिया)
(3) खाना पकाने के बर्तन
(4) वास्तविक जीवन के कार्य

Why: भाषा सिखाने के लिए कक्षा में लाई गई असली वस्तुओं को रीयलिया कहते हैं।

140.घोषणात्मक ज्ञान क्या है?

(1) किसी भाषा के शब्द का उच्चारण करना जानना।
(2) व्याकरणिक तत्वों के बारे में ज्ञान।
(3) व्याकरणिक तत्वों में त्रुटि की पहचान करना सीखना।
(4) किसी व्याकरणिक तत्व पर कैसे कार्य किया जाए, यह जानना।

Why: घोषणात्मक ज्ञान का अर्थ है किसी व्याकरणिक तत्व के बारे में (जैसे उसका नियम) जानना।

141.यहाँ एक ऐसी स्थिति दी जा रही है जहाँ विद्यार्थियों को विषय के प्रति समझ बनाने के लिए विषय के विपरीत वाले दृष्टिकोण से परिचित करवाया जाता है। इस प्रक्रिया द्वारा विद्यार्थियों में किसके विकास का प्रयास किया जा रहा है?

(1) समालोचनात्मक विश्लेषण
(2) प्रक्रिया आधारित शिक्षणशास्त्र
(3) समालोचनात्मक साक्षरता
(4) साक्षरता विकास

Why: विरोधी दृष्टिकोण से परिचित कराने से विद्यार्थी पाठ पर प्रश्न उठाना सीखते हैं। यह समालोचनात्मक साक्षरता है।

142.‘परभाषा व्यवहार’ (ट्रान्सलैंग्युजिंग) क्या है?

(1) भाषाओं के शिक्षण अधिगम के दौरान एक भाषा से दूसरी भाषा में व्यवहार करने से संबंधित है।
(2) भाषाएँ किस तरह से एक समय अवधि के दौरान अपना रूप बदलती हैं।
(3) एक कक्षा में एक से अधिक भाषाओं को संसाधन के रूप में इस्तेमाल करने की शिक्षण शास्त्रीय प्रक्रिया है।
(4) विद्यालय में कितनी भाषाएँ पढ़ानी चाहिए इस मुद्दे पर ‘शिक्षा नीति में भाषा’ है।

Why: कक्षा में एक से अधिक भाषाओं का संसाधन के रूप में प्रयोग करना ट्रांसलैंग्युजिंग है।

143.निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सी प्रक्रियाएँ भाषा को अच्छी तरह से लिखना सीखने में शामिल है?

(1) मानस मंथन - रूपरेखा तैयार करना - प्रारूपण - मुख्य बिन्दु नोट करना - संपादन - अन्तिम स्वरूप देना
(2) मानस मंथन - मुख्य बिन्दु नोट करना - प्रारूप लिखना - रूपरेखा तैयार करना - संपादन - अन्तिम स्वरूप देना
(3) मानस मंथन - मुख्य बिन्दु नोट करना - प्रारूप लिखना - संपादन - रूपरेखा तैयार करना - अन्तिम स्वरूप देना
(4) मानस मंथन - मुख्य बिन्दु नोट करना - रूपरेखा तैयार करना - प्रारूप लिखना - संपादन - अन्तिम स्वरूप देना

Why: अच्छे लेखन का क्रम है— विचार मंथन, बिंदु लिखना, रूपरेखा, मसौदा, संपादन और अंतिम रूप।

144.सामाजिक विज्ञान की कक्षा में शिक्षार्थी कक्षा में दिए जा रहे वक्तव्य से मुख्य बिन्दु समझने की कोशिश कर रहे हैं और मुख्य बिन्दु लिख रहे हैं। इस कौशल को क्या कहेंगे?

(1) अध्ययन कौशल
(2) श्रवण कौशल
(3) लेखन कौशल
(4) संज्ञानात्मक कौशल

Why: व्याख्यान के मुख्य विचार पकड़कर नोट्स बनाना अध्ययन कौशल है।

145.नीचे दिए गए प्रश्न को पढ़ें। पता करें कि यह प्रश्न किस प्रारूप (टाइपोलोजी) का है?
“छोटी बालिका की कहानी पढ़ने के बाद, आपने उसके दुखों और कठिनाइयों का सामने करने वाले साहस को महसूस किया। आप उस लड़की को उसकी प्रशंसा के लिए पत्र लिखना चाहेंगे। लगभग 120 शब्दों में पत्र लिखिए।”

(1) अभिव्यक्तिपरक प्रश्न
(2) दीर्घ उत्तरीय प्रश्न
(3) पाठ का विस्तार करने वाला प्रश्न (एक्स्ट्रापोलेटिव)
(4) विमर्श संबंधी प्रश्न

Why: विद्यार्थी को कहानी से आगे जाकर लड़की को पत्र लिखना है। पाठ से आगे सोचना बहिर्वेशन (एक्स्ट्रापोलेशन) है।

146.कक्षा आठ की अध्यापिका एक पाठ्य सामग्री के पाँच वाक्यों को दो बार अंग्रेजी में पढ़ती है और शिक्षार्थियों को ध्यानपूर्वक सुनने के लिए कहती है। इसके बाद वह शिक्षार्थियों को चार-चार के समूह में काम करने के लिए कहती है कि वे पढ़ी गई पाठ्य सामग्री का पुनर्लेखन करें जो एकदम मूल जैसा ना हो। इस गतिविधि को क्या कहेंगे?

(1) लेखन कार्य
(2) अनुच्छेद श्रुतलेख
(3) सामूहिक श्रुतलेख
(4) श्रवण कार्य

Why: CBSE ने विकल्प 2 और 3 दोनों को सही माना। शिक्षार्थी छोटा पाठ सुनकर समूह में उसे फिर से रचते हैं। यह श्रुतलेख (डिक्टोग्लॉस) का एक रूप है।

147.यह अकादमिक भाषा या विभिन्न प्रकार के विषयों के लिए आवश्यक भाषा में निपुणता से संबंधित है:

(1) अंतरभाषा निपुणता
(2) बुनियादी अंतरवैयक्तिक सम्प्रेषण कौशल (BICS)
(3) सम्प्रेषणात्मक भाषा निपुणता
(4) संज्ञानात्मक अकादमिक भाषा निपुणता (CALP)

Why: विभिन्न विषयों के लिए आवश्यक शैक्षिक भाषा CALP (संज्ञानात्मक अकादमिक भाषा निपुणता) कहलाती है।

148.भाषा शिक्षा पर राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति 2020 के संदर्भ में कौन-सा कथन सही नहीं है?

(1) त्रिभाषा सूत्र के अन्तर्गत शास्त्रीय भाषा का अध्ययन।
(2) त्रिभाषा सूत्र के अन्तर्गत मातृभाषा/घर की भाषा का अध्ययन।
(3) त्रिभाषा सूत्र के अन्तर्गत भारतीय भाषाओं का अध्ययन।
(4) त्रिभाषा सूत्र के अन्तर्गत भाषा के रूप में अंग्रेजी भाषा का अध्ययन।

Why: [KEY] CBSE की कुंजी ने विकल्प 1 को सही माना है। कुंजी के अनुसार त्रिभाषा सूत्र में मातृभाषा, भारतीय भाषाएँ और अंग्रेजी आती हैं; शास्त्रीय भाषा एक विकल्प है, सूत्र का भाग नहीं।

149.निम्नलिखित में से त्रिभाषा सूत्र के संबंध में कौन-सा कथन सही है?

(1) सभी बच्चे अपनी विद्यालयी शिक्षा अंग्रेजी माध्यम/घर की भाषा में शुरू करते हैं और दसवीं पूरी करने तक कम से कम दो और भाषाएँ सीखते हैं।
(2) सभी बच्चे अपनी विद्यालयी शिक्षा अपने राज्य की भाषा में शुरू करते हैं और दसवीं पूरी करने तक कम से कम दो और भाषाएँ सीखते हैं।
(3) सभी बच्चे अपनी विद्यालयी शिक्षा राज्य भाषा हिंदी में शुरू करते हैं और दसवीं पूरी करने तक कम से कम दो और भाषाएँ सीखते हैं।
(4) सभी बच्चे अपनी विद्यालयी शिक्षा मातृभाषा/घर की भाषा में शुरू करते हैं और दसवीं पूरी करने तक कम से कम दो और भाषाएँ सीखते हैं।

Why: त्रिभाषा सूत्र में बच्चे मातृभाषा/घर की भाषा में पढ़ाई शुरू करते हैं और स्कूल पूरा होने तक कम से कम दो और भाषाएँ जोड़ते हैं।

150.अधिगम प्रतिफल शिक्षार्थियों को समर्थ बनाते हैं -

(1) व्याकरणिक ज्ञान को मापन के संदर्भ में प्राप्त करना
(2) दक्षताओं को मापन के संदर्भ में प्राप्त करना
(3) सभी कौशलों के अधिगम के न्यूनतम स्तरों को प्राप्त करना
(4) भाषागत तथ्यों को मापन के संदर्भ में प्राप्त करना

Why: अधिगम प्रतिफल बताते हैं कि शिक्षार्थी को कौन-सी दक्षताएँ प्राप्त करनी हैं, जिन्हें मापा जा सके।

CTET January 2024 — Paper II (Maths and Science)

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Central Teacher Eligibility Test — January 2024
Paper II (Maths and Science)

Part I — Child Development and Pedagogy

Part II — Mathematics and Science

Part IV — Language I — English

Part V — Language II — Hindi

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