MAK LABS — CTET 21 January 2024 Paper I Question Paper with Answer Key

1.While participating in a sports competition in class, Tanuj tells his friend that he will participate in the javelin throw and his sister can participate in jump rope because she is a girl and girls cannot throw javelin. This depicts:

(1) Gender constancy
(2) Gender equality
(3) Gender equity
(4) Gender stereotyping

Why: Tanuj thinks girls cannot throw a javelin only because they are girls. This is a fixed, unfair belief about a gender. It is called gender stereotyping.

2.While divergent thinking __________ convergent thinking __________.

(1) encourages multiple answers; is fixed on one correct solution
(2) is fixed on one correct solution; encourages multiple answers
(3) Promotes mathematical abilities; promotes verbal abilities
(4) Promotes verbal abilities; promotes mathematical abilities

Why: Divergent thinking looks for many possible answers. Convergent thinking narrows down to one correct answer.

3.Which of the following statements about inclusive education is not correct?

(1) Inclusive teaching means “teaching in ways that do not exclude”.
(2) Inclusive teaching means “adopting pedagogies that support needs of all learners”.
(3) An inclusive classroom “accommodates differences in language styles and promotes collaboration”.
(4) An inclusive classroom centres around “fixed curricula and standard assessment”.

Why: An inclusive classroom is flexible. It adapts the curriculum and assessment to the learners. A fixed curriculum and standard assessment for all do not suit an inclusive classroom.

4.Assertion (A): Learners construct their own knowledge based on what they already know.
Reason (R): Finding patterns and making linkages with previous knowledge helps learners to process information meaningfully.
Choose the correct option:

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why: Learners build new knowledge on what they already know. Finding patterns and linking with old knowledge is how they do it. So (R) explains (A).

5.Assertion (A): Childhood is experienced differently by children across cultures.
Reason (R): Childrens’ development is universal.
Choose the correct option:

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why: Childhood is shaped by culture, so it differs from one society to another. (A) is true. Development is not the same everywhere, so (R) is false.

6.According to attribution theory of motivation which of the following is more likely to result in persistent effort and improved performance?

(1) An internal attribution for success and an external attribution for failure
(2) An external attribution for success and an internal attribution for failure
(3) Internal attribution for failure as well as success
(4) External attribution for failure as well as success

Why: In attribution theory, a learner who links success and failure to internal causes, such as their own effort, feels in control. Such a learner keeps trying and improves.

7.Which of the following is a key principle of progressive education?

(1) Standardized testing is the best way to measure student learning
(2) Students should be passive recipients of knowledge from their teachers
(3) Learning should be based on authentic tasks
(4) Curriculum should be predetermined and universal

Why: Progressive education, as Dewey said, links learning with real life. Learning through authentic, real-life tasks is its key principle. The other options describe traditional schooling.

8.Reasoning, thinking and problem-solving are explained in which aspect of development?

(1) Social Development
(2) Cognitive Development
(3) Moral Development
(4) Motor Development

Why: Reasoning, thinking and problem solving are mental processes. They come under cognitive development.

9.Lev Vygotsky proposes that __________ is important for self-regulation in children.

(1) Disequilibrium
(2) Inner speech
(3) Adaptation
(4) Organization

Why: Vygotsky said that children talk to themselves in their mind. This inner speech helps them plan and control their own actions. So inner speech helps self-regulation.

10.Assertion (A): In Lawrence Kohlberg’s moral development theory children move from understanding consequences of acts to determine whether they are good or bad to understanding that rules and laws are flexible and can be changed.
Reason (R): Lawrence Kohlberg argues that moral development occurs progressively in stages.
Choose the correct option:

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why: Kohlberg says moral thinking grows in stages. Children first judge acts by their results. Later they see that rules are made by people and can be changed. The stage-wise growth in (R) explains (A).

11.As per Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligence, which of the following set represents correct match of intelligence and associated characteristics?

(1) Intrapersonal : skill in understanding and relating to others
(2) Logical-Mathematical : skill of dance or athletic abilities
(3) Musical : performance or composition skills
(4) Spatial : skill of appreciating the natural world

Why: Musical intelligence is the skill of performing or composing music. The other pairs are wrong. For example, understanding others is interpersonal, not intrapersonal.

12.Which of the following statements is not correct about learning?

(1) Learning depends on learner’s previous knowledge
(2) Learning implies reorganisation of prior conceptual schemes
(3) Learning is facilitated by social action
(4) Learning as a product rather than a process

Why: Learning is a process, not just a product. It depends on prior knowledge and grows through social activity. So option 4 is not correct.

13.Problem solving is fostered by:

(1) Divergent thinking
(2) Functional fixedness
(3) Passive imitation
(4) Response Set

Why: Divergent thinking helps a learner try many ways to solve a problem. Functional fixedness and a response set block problem solving.

14.According to Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, at what stage are children self-centered and see their own benefit in doing something?

(1) at the first stage in the first level
(2) at the second stage in the first level
(3) at the third stage in the second level
(4) at the fifth stage in the third level

Why: In Kohlberg’s first level (pre-conventional), the second stage is about self-interest. The child does things for his own benefit (‘you help me, I help you’).

15.Inclusion of students belonging to disadvantaged groups demands:

(1) awareness and sensitization towards diverse traditions.
(2) evidencing and encouraging identity-based stereotypes.
(3) isolation in the classroom on the basis of social affiliation.
(4) same-ability grouping of students in the classroom.

Why: Inclusion needs awareness and respect for the different traditions of children. Stereotypes, isolation and same-ability groups go against inclusion.

16.Which of the following is a characteristic of effective feedback in the classroom?

(1) It is given only at the end of the task.
(2) It is broad and generic.
(3) It is only focused on the outcomes.
(4) It is timely and specific.

Why: Good feedback is given on time and is specific. It tells the learner what to improve while the learning is going on.

17.Proximodistal principle states that in infancy:

(1) the limbs continue to grow faster than the hands and feet.
(2) development proceeds from head to toe.
(3) development of language occurs rapidly as it is a sensitive period for development.
(4) Physical development occurs rapidly with the development of fine motor skills.

Why: Proximodistal means growth goes from the centre of the body outward. So the arms (limbs) grow before the hands and feet. Head-to-toe growth is cephalocaudal.

18.Assertion (A): School curriculum should give reasonable space and value to learner’s cultural knowledges.
Reason (R): Supporting students to uphold their cultural identities facilitates learning.
Choose the correct option:

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why: A child’s culture is a resource for learning. When children feel their identity is respected, they learn better. So (R) explains (A).

19.Which of the following would not be characterised as formative assessment?

(1) An assessment given at the beginning of a new concept to determine students’ prior knowledge.
(2) An assessment given during the class to provide ongoing feedback to students and teachers.
(3) An assessment task that is helpful in comparing students as per a standard set of criteria.
(4) An assessment used to identify misconceptions in a student’s learning.

Why: Formative assessment helps learning while it is going on. Comparing students against one another or a standard is a feature of summative assessment.

20.Which of the following is a typical characteristic of Dyslexia?

(1) Difficulty in creative problem solving
(2) Difficulty in phonological processing
(3) Difficulty in physical coordination
(4) Difficulty in spatial awareness

Why: Dyslexia is a reading difficulty. The child finds it hard to link sounds with letters. This is a problem of phonological processing.

21.Which of the following types of questions can help assess a student’s ability to evaluate information critically?

(1) Questions that ask for a simple definition of a term
(2) Questions that ask for the student’s personal opinion
(3) Questions that ask for examples that validate the text
(4) Questions that ask for a summary of a text

Why: To evaluate, a student must judge the information and give a reasoned view. Questions that ask for the student’s own opinion check this skill. Definitions and summaries test only recall and understanding.

22.Impairment is a __________ condition, while disability is a __________ condition.

(1) biological, functional
(2) functional, biological
(3) operative, physical
(4) social, psychological

Why: Impairment is a problem in a body part or its function. It is biological. Disability is the difficulty it causes in doing daily tasks. It is functional.

23.Which of the following aptly defines relationship between cognition and emotion?

(1) Cognition and emotion are two independent systems.
(2) Emotion and cognition are interdependent on each other.
(3) Cognition influences emotions but reverse is not true.
(4) Emotions influence cognition but reverse is not true.

Why: Thinking and feeling affect each other. Emotions affect attention and memory, and our thoughts shape our emotions. So they are interdependent.

24.Language development in primary classes is facilitated:

(1) When teachers use concrete examples to refer to abstract concepts.
(2) When teachers stress upon and enforce the use of formal language.
(3) When teachers ignore and dismiss the mother tongue of the children.
(4) When teachers begin from signs and symbols rather than concrete objects.

Why: Young children understand better through concrete examples. Teachers should link abstract ideas to things the children can see and touch.

25.Which of the following correctly describes intrinsic motivation?

(1) Motivation that comes from external rewards
(2) Motivation that comes from personal enjoyment of the task
(3) Motivation that comes from competition with others
(4) Motivation that comes from a fear of punishment

Why: Intrinsic motivation comes from inside. The learner does the task because he enjoys it, not for a reward or out of fear.

26.Which of the following are examples of scaffolding?
(a) Think-aloud
(b) Prompts and cues
(c) Questions
(d) Half-solved example
(e) Rote Rehearsal

(1) (a), (b)
(2) (a), (b), (c)
(3) (a), (b), (c), (d)
(4) (a), (b), (c), (d), (e)

Why: Scaffolding is temporary help from the teacher. Thinking aloud, prompts, cues, questions and half-solved examples are such help. Rote rehearsal is only repetition, not scaffolding.

27.In the course of development, children achieve gross motor skills before fine motor skills. This indicates that development is:

(1) Anarchic
(2) Cephalocaudal
(3) Linear
(4) Proximodistal

Why: Gross motor skills use large muscles of the trunk and arms. Fine motor skills use the fingers. Growth from the centre of the body outward is the proximodistal principle.

28.As per Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, which of the following ability distinguishes concrete operational thinking from Pre-operational thinking?

(1) Coordination of senses
(2) Decentering
(3) Hypothetical reasoning
(4) Object permanence

Why: A pre-operational child focuses on one feature only. This is called centration. In the concrete operational stage the child can look at many features at once. This is decentering.

29.After getting ‘out’ in the game due to the rope getting stuck in her leg while jumping Aru says that the rope deliberately got her out. At what stage of Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development do children reason like this?

(1) Concrete Operational stage
(2) Formal Operational stage
(3) Sensory-motor stage
(4) Pre-operation stage

Why: Aru thinks the rope got her out on purpose. Giving life and intention to objects is animism. It is seen in the pre-operational stage.

30.Socio-constructivist views of learning advocate that -

(1) Learners receive knowledge passively from others
(2) Learners actively construct knowledge
(3) Effective learning is activated by lecturing and explaining
(4) Effective learning takes place through the process of recall and rehearsal

Why: In the socio-constructivist view, learners actively build knowledge by talking and working with others. They are not passive receivers.

31.Which of the following should be the characteristics of mathematical language at primary level?
(a) It should be precise.
(b) It must be ambiguous as it can add openness in the subject.
(c) It should be reinforced through child’s language used in everyday life.
(d) It must be highly technical as it will help students to communicate accurately in mathematics.
Choose the correct option:

(1) (a) and (d)
(2) (a), (b) and (c)
(3) (a) and (c)
(4) (a), (c) and (d)

Why: Mathematical language at the primary level should be precise. It should also grow from the child’s everyday language. It should not be vague or highly technical.

32.A student of class III solved 26×5 as

2 6
× 5

1030

Revisiting which of the following will best remediate this misconception?

(1) Multiplication of one digit by one digit
(2) Concept of regrouping
(3) Recalling multiplication tables
(4) One to one correspondence

Why: The child wrote 6 × 5 = 30 and 2 × 5 = 10 side by side. He did not carry the 3 tens to the tens place. He needs to revisit regrouping. The correct answer is 130.

33.A number becomes double if it is increased by 8. What is the number?

(1) 6
(2) 8
(3) 12
(4) 16

Why: Let the number be x. Then x + 8 = 2x, so x = 8.

34.One millimetre is the same as:

(1) 0.01 cm
(2) 0.1 cm
(3) 0.01 m
(4) 0.1 m

Why: 1 cm = 10 mm. So 1 mm = 1/10 cm = 0.1 cm.

35.A __________ is always a regular polygon.

(1) Isosceles triangle
(2) Square
(3) Pentagon
(4) Circle

Why: A regular polygon has all sides equal and all angles equal. A square always has this. A pentagon may not be regular, and a circle is not a polygon.

36.The sum of all angles of a triangle is:

(1) 60°
(2) 90°
(3) 180°
(4) 360°

Why: The sum of the three angles of any triangle is 180°.

37.Which of the following is/are related to early number concept formation?
(a) One to one correspondence
(b) Hierarchical inclusion
(c) Basic operations
Choose the correct option:

(1) Only (a)
(2) (a) and (c)
(3) (a) and (b)
(4) (b) and (c)

Why: Early number sense begins with one-to-one matching of objects. It also needs hierarchical inclusion: knowing that 5 includes 4, 3, 2 and 1. Operations come later.

38.Which of the following statements is/are most appropriate for the idea of cognitive conflict in teaching mathematics?
(a) Thoughtful efforts of a teacher to expose children to cognitive conflict can enhance their mathematical understanding.
(b) It is not useful for promoting mathematical understanding in children.
(c) Children get confused so cognitive conflict must be avoided.
Choose the correct option:

(1) (b) and (c)
(2) (a) and (c)
(3) Only (a)
(4) Only (c)

Why: Cognitive conflict makes a child question an old idea. When the teacher plans it with care, it builds deeper understanding. So only (a) is correct.

39.Which aspect of evaluation is used when a teacher ensures that test made by her fulfils the objectives and criteria of that test?

(1) Validity
(2) Practicality
(3) Reliability
(4) Consistency

Why: A test is valid when it measures what it is meant to measure. Checking that the test meets its objectives is checking its validity.

40.What should be subtracted from the sum of 9909, 9099 and 9009 to obtain 25454?

(1) 2356
(2) 2365
(3) 2536
(4) 2563

Why: 9909 + 9099 + 9009 = 28017. Then 28017 − 25454 = 2563.

41.Which of the following statements is correct?

(1) 1 is a prime number
(2) 1 is a composite number
(3) 1 is both, a prime and a composite number
(4) 1 is neither prime nor a composite number

Why: A prime number has exactly two factors. 1 has only one factor. So 1 is neither prime nor composite.

42.See the number pattern given below:
1, 8, 27, 64, 125, __________, __________
What will be the next two terms?

(1) 256 and 289
(2) 216 and 289
(3) 256 and 343
(4) 216 and 343

Why: These are cubes: 1³, 2³, 3³, 4³, 5³. The next two are 6³ = 216 and 7³ = 343.

43.Which of the following statement is least appropriate for encouraging mathematical learning?

(1) Failure does not imply that students cannot do mathematics.
(2) Everyone can learn mathematics.
(3) Mathematics learning is not gender specific.
(4) Discourage intuition as it hampers the development of mathematical ideas.

Why: Intuition helps children form mathematical ideas. So discouraging intuition is the least helpful statement.

44.The value of 25.3×5−35÷5−3×18.5 is:

(1) 283.05
(2) 64.0
(3) 95.0
(4) −26.5

Why: Follow BODMAS. 25.3 × 5 = 126.5, 35 ÷ 5 = 7 and 3 × 18.5 = 55.5. So 126.5 − 7 − 55.5 = 64.0.

45.According to National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, assessment of learners include:

(1) Cognitive and physical domains
(2) Cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains
(3) Cognitive, social and spiritual domains
(4) Physical and psychological domains

Why: NEP 2020 asks for holistic assessment. It covers the cognitive (thinking), affective (feelings) and psychomotor (skills) domains.

46.A frog jumps 3 steps and a rabbit jumps 7 steps at a time starting from a place O. At which of the following steps, they both will be jumping together?

(1) 343
(2) 371
(3) 378
(4) 354

Why: They meet on common multiples of 3 and 7, that is, multiples of 21. 378 = 21 × 18. The other numbers are not multiples of 21.

47.The number of degrees in 2²⁄₃ right angles is:

(1) 210
(2) 285
(3) 240
(4) 330

Why: One right angle = 90°. 2²⁄₃ = 8/3. So 8/3 × 90° = 240°.

48.Which one of the following costs least?

(1) 75 packets of ₹ 750 each
(2) 750 packets of ₹ 7.50 each
(3) 7.5 dozen items of ₹ 750 each item
(4) 75 dozen items of ₹ 7.50 each item

Why: Find each cost. (1) 75 × 750 = ₹ 56,250. (2) 750 × 7.50 = ₹ 5,625. (3) 90 × 750 = ₹ 67,500. (4) 900 × 7.50 = ₹ 6,750. Option (2) costs the least.

49.National Education Policy (NEP) - 2020 talks about “Knowledge of India”. Which of the following are not included in it?

(1) Knowledge from ancient India and its contributions to modern India.
(2) Tribal knowledge, indigenous and traditional ways of learning as part of various subjects like Mathematics, Astronomy, Medicine, Agriculture etc.
(3) Field visits to different states as part of cultural exchange programmes.
(4) Formal examination to assess the knowledge gained by the students.

Why: Knowledge of India in NEP 2020 covers ancient knowledge, tribal and traditional ways of knowing and cultural exchange. A formal examination is not part of it.

50.Which of the following model is least appropriate to develop the conceptual understanding regarding the relationships of ones, tens and hundreds in early grade learners?

(1) Dienes blocks
(2) Money
(3) Abacus
(4) Place value chart

Why: Dienes blocks, money and the abacus show ones, tens and hundreds with real objects. A place value chart is only a symbolic chart, so it is least suited for early grades.

51.Brij had a wire of length 100 metres to cover the land of his choice. He wanted to take the biggest land. Which of the following measurements should he choose to take the biggest area?

(1) 15 m × 35 m
(2) 30 m × 20 m
(3) 25 m × 25 m
(4) 5 m × 45 m

Why: The perimeter of each plot is 100 m. For a fixed perimeter, a square has the largest area. 25 m × 25 m = 625 m², which is more than the others.

52.Which of the following is not true about ‘multiplicity of approaches’ in teaching mathematics?

(1) Very often, there are many ways of solving a problem.
(2) It hampers the learning of child as it leads to confusion.
(3) Offering such a choice allows children to explore and use the approach that is most natural and easy for them.
(4) It is crucial for liberating school mathematics from the tyranny of the one correct answer.

Why: There are often many ways to solve a problem. Letting children choose their own way helps them. It does not confuse them. So option 2 is not true.

53.Which of the following statement is most appropriate?

(1) Mathematics lab is essential as it provides opportunities for hands on activities for students.
(2) Charts are used in mathematics class as an effective teaching-learning material.
(3) Use of teaching-learning material in mathematics class consume students’ time for practice.
(4) Students do not enjoy riddles in mathematics class.

Why: A mathematics lab gives children hands-on activities. This makes learning concrete and joyful. The other statements are not appropriate.

54.How many packets of ¹⁄₁₂ kg salt can be made from 7¹⁄₂ kg of salt?

(1) 45
(2) 60
(3) 72
(4) 90

Why: Number of packets = 7¹⁄₂ ÷ ¹⁄₁₂ = 15/2 × 12 = 90.

55.While solving

1 8 2
− 6 7

in class II, a teacher explained that we have to subtract 7 from 2 and 2 is smaller than 7. So we will borrow one from 8 and then we can subtract 7 from 12. One student told teacher: Mam! why we are borrowing from eight, as borrowing is not good. What a teacher should do in such a situation?

(1) Teacher should scold the student and make him sit.
(2) Teacher should change the word ‘borrowing’ to ‘regrouping’ and then show the process of regrouping.
(3) Teacher should tell the student to focus on learning the algorithm of subtraction.
(4) Teacher should ignore the student’s question and continue with her work.

Why: The word ‘borrowing’ gives a wrong idea, as nothing is returned. The teacher should call it regrouping: 1 ten is changed into 10 ones. This answers the child’s doubt.

56.Yamina threw a die 10 times and got the following results:
5, 3, 6, 6, 1, 4, 5, 3, 3, 2
Which of the following numbers she got the maximum number of times?

(1) 6
(2) 3
(3) 1
(4) 5

Why: Count each number. 3 comes three times (3, 3, 3). No other number comes as often.

57.Which of the following is true for word problems in school mathematics?

(1) Word problems refer to exercises where the child formalises the situation into a form where a specific mathematical technique can be applied.
(2) Word problems are not examples of mathematical modelling.
(3) Word problems are important in secondary classes only.
(4) Word problems focus more on procedural knowledge in mathematics.

Why: In a word problem, the child turns a situation into a mathematical form. Then a suitable method can be used. This is how word problems link with modelling.

58.The parcel sending rates are given below:
Parcel weighing (50 grams or less): ₹ 15.00
Parcel weighing (for every additional 50 grams): ₹ 7.00
Meena wants to send a parcel to her friend Charu in Delhi. The parcel weighs 350 g. Look at the charges and select the correct cost of sending the parcel:

(1) ₹ 42
(2) ₹ 50
(3) ₹ 55
(4) ₹ 57

Why: The first 50 g cost ₹ 15. The remaining 300 g make 6 parts of 50 g. 6 × 7 = ₹ 42. Total = 15 + 42 = ₹ 57.

59.Which of the following is most appropriate to introduce ‘Data Handling’ at primary stage?

(1) Asking the students to read time tables of bus and train timings.
(2) Within classroom, collecting statistics of students’ height; favourite food; colour; cartoon etc. and asking questions related to data.
(3) Showing population census of a city for five years and asking students to compare population growth.
(4) Drawing a bar graph on the blackboard and asking students to read the data from it.

Why: Children learn data handling best from their own data. Collecting heights or favourite foods in class and asking questions about it is the best start.

60.According to National Curriculum Framework, 2005, which of the following processes are least relevant in a primary mathematics classroom?

(1) Memorising formulae
(2) Use of patterns
(3) Visualization
(4) Making connections and representations

Why: NCF 2005 asks for understanding, not memory. Patterns, visualisation and making connections are useful. Memorising formulae is least relevant at the primary level.

61.Which one of the following regarding Johad is correct?
Choose the correct option.

(1) It is a community based rain water harvesting system.
(2) It filters impurities from water.
(3) It pumps groundwater into nearby wells.
(4) Stores water from rivers.

Why: A johad is a small earthen check dam. The village community builds it to collect rain water. It helps recharge groundwater.

62.Which of the following strategies promotes inquiry while teaching the theme ‘Food’?

(1) Asking students to collect pictures of various food items.
(2) Demonstrating fireless cooking of sandwiches, shikanji (lemon water) etc.
(3) Asking students to find out food preferences of their family members.
(4) Showing pictures of various preserved food items used in different regions of India.

Why: Finding out the food likes of family members makes students ask questions and collect information. This is inquiry. The other options are only showing or collecting.

63.An EVS teacher asks her students to think and answer “Why do we feel comfortable in woollens clothes during winter”. This question is a:

(1) convergent question
(2) analytical question
(3) hypothetical question
(4) factual question

Why: The question asks ‘why’. Students must think about how wool keeps heat in. So it is an analytical question.

64.A chapter in EVS textbook of NCERT describes Wahida Prism and her experience in the Navy as a doctor. What are the reasons for including this chapter?
(a) Her experience challenges gender stereotypes
(b) Her story gives a peep into the life of a medical officer in the armed forces
(c) Understanding that prism reflects 7 colours
(d) Understanding the difficulties faced by her and her ways of tackling them

(1) (a), (b) and (c)
(2) (b), (c) and (d)
(3) (c) and (d)
(4) (b), (d) and (a)

Why: Wahida Prism’s story breaks the idea that only men join the Navy. It shows the life of a doctor in the armed forces and how she faced difficulties. The prism and its colours have nothing to do with it.

65.Alex, an EVS teacher of class 3 while introducing the theme ‘Work We Do’ helps his students to cut colourful strips of paper and weave the strips to make a mat. The edges are glued together to make a beautiful mat. Which of the following objectives should Alex help his students focus?
(a) learning about colours, patterns and developing an aesthetic sense.
(b) relating the activity to weaving done by weavers.
(c) memorising the steps of making mat.
(d) choosing papers of attractive colours and learning cutting of strips perfectly.

(1) (a), (b) and (d)
(2) (b), (c) and (d)
(3) (a), (c) and (d)
(4) (a) and (c)

Why: Weaving a paper mat builds a sense of colour and pattern. It links to the work of weavers and develops cutting skill. Memorising steps is not the aim.

66.Students conduct a survey in their homes and neighbourhood to find out the number of members and approximate amount of water used in each family. What skills and processes are developed through this activity?

(1) questioning, experimentation, sensitivity towards environment
(2) questioning, inferring, expression
(3) hypothesising, inferring, expression
(4) prediction, experimentation, observing

Why: In a survey, students ask questions to collect data. They draw conclusions from it (inferring). They present what they found (expression).

67.Doctors prescribe blood test for patients to confirm malaria. Blood test is done to:

(1) check for haemoglobin in blood
(2) check iron in blood
(3) check for eggs of female anopheles mosquitoes in blood
(4) check for microbes in blood

Why: Malaria is caused by a microbe (Plasmodium). A blood test looks for this microbe in the blood.

68.Consider the following statements about beehives:
(a) Honey bees live in beehives. Every beehive has one queen Bee that lays eggs.
(b) There are only a few males bees in the hive which have special roles as workers.
(c) Most of the female bees in the hive are worker bees who work all the day in making the hive and also looking after the baby bees.
(d) The worker bees fly around Litchi flowers in search of nectar for honey.
The correct statements are:

(1) (a) and (b)
(2) (c) and (d)
(3) (a) and (c)
(4) (a) and (d)

Why: [KEY] The CBSE key credits (a) and (d). A hive has one egg-laying queen. Worker bees visit flowers such as litchi for nectar. Statement (b) is wrong, because male bees are not workers.

69.Textbooks of EVS should reflect the recommendation of NCF 2005 of linking students’ life at school to their life outside. This implies:

(1) Students are compelled to memorise few important concepts of EVS.
(2) Textbook is the only source of knowledge.
(3) Textbooks supports students to construct knowledge through all the given activities.
(4) Teachers need to use textbooks as one of the teaching learning resource.

Why: When school is linked with life outside, textbooks help students build their own knowledge through activities. So option 3 is correct.

70.It has been observed by bird watchers that there is a peculiar species of birds. The male bird make their own nests and the female bird looks at all the nests and selects the one she likes the best and decides in which nest to lay her eggs. The name of the bird is:

(1) Tailor bird
(2) Weaver bird
(3) Indian Robin
(4) Sun bird

Why: The male weaver bird builds many nests. The female checks them and chooses the one she likes to lay eggs in.

71.Read the following Statement (A) and Statement (B) below and choose the correct option:
(A): About 4700 years ago, some of the earliest cities flourished on the banks of river Indus and its tributaries.
(B): About 1500 years ago, cities developed on the banks of the Ganga and its tributaries.

(1) Both (A) and (B) are true.
(2) Both (A) and (B) are not true.
(3) (A) is true but (B) is false.
(4) (A) is false but (B) is true.

Why: Cities on the Indus grew about 4700 years ago. So (A) is true. Cities on the Ganga grew about 2500 years ago, not 1500. So (B) is false.

72.Which of the following best reflects child -centred strategies in teaching EVS at primary level?
(a) Discussion
(b) Demonstration
(c) Lecture
(d) Survey

(1) (a) and (b)
(2) (b) and (c)
(3) (c) and (d)
(4) (a) and (d)

Why: In discussion and survey, children take part actively. Lecture and demonstration are centred on the teacher.

73.“Pochampalli” is famous district for its beautifully designed bright coloured sarees and for the special kind of weave which is also called Pochampalli. It is a part of:

(1) Tamil Nadu
(2) Karnataka
(3) Maharashtra
(4) Telangana

Why: Pochampalli (Pochampally) is in Telangana. It is famous for its ikat weave sarees.

74.Seema, an EVS teacher organised a field trip to zoo for her students. Which of the following are the most appropriate objectives of the trip to the zoo?
(a) Recall names of animals in the zoo
(b) To relate concepts related to animals
(c) To promote process skills
(d) Assessment of students’ learning at the zoo

(1) (a), (b) and (c)
(2) (b), (c) and (d)
(3) (a), (c) and (d)
(4) (a) and (b)

Why: A zoo trip should help children link ideas about animals, use process skills like observing, and let the teacher assess learning. Only recalling names is not the main aim.

75.An EVS teacher taught about animals to her students and ask them to do the following task:
(a) Write names of various animals around them
(b) Observe activities of different animals
(c) Classify animals into categories based on observations
(d) Define the term ‘Animal’
Which of the above is NOT appropriate for students of primary level as per the nature of EVS at primary level?

(1) (a) and (c)
(2) (b) and (c)
(3) Only (c)
(4) Only (d)

Why: At the primary level EVS is learnt by observing and doing. Defining the term ‘animal’ is abstract. It does not suit primary children.

76.The territorial states of Haryana are:

(1) Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh
(2) Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh
(3) Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Bihar
(4) Bihar, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh

Why: Haryana shares borders with Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Punjab. Option 1 lists only its neighbours.

77.Read statements (A) and (R) properly and then answer the following questions.
(A): Silkworm can find his female worm from many kilometers away by her smell.
(R): Some female insects release ‘Pheromones’ which can be recognised by their males by smell.
Choose the correct answer:

(1) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) explains (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) does not explains (A).
(3) (A) is correct but (R) is incorrect.
(4) (A) is incorrect but (R) is correct.

Why: A female silkworm moth gives out a special smell called a pheromone. The male can sense it from far away and find her. So (R) explains (A).

78.Read the following statements carefully:
Statement (I): EVS syllabus is divided into 6 themes Water, Relationships, Food, Transport, Shelter, and How things work.
Statement (II): The themes of EVS are close to children’s life.

(1) Both Statements (I) and (II) are true
(2) Both Statements (I) and (II) are false
(3) Statement (I) is true and Statement (II) is false.
(4) Statement (I) is false and Statement (II) is true

Why: The six EVS themes are Family and Friends, Food, Shelter, Water, Travel and Things We Make and Do. So statement (I) is false. The themes are close to children’s lives, so (II) is true.

79.Read the following statements carefully and choose the correct options:
Statement (A): Xylem transports water and minerals from roots to rest of the plant.
Statement (B): Phloem translocates food from leaves to various parts of the plant.

(1) Both (A) and (B) are true
(2) Both (A) and (B) are false
(3) (A) is true, but (B) is false
(4) (A) is false, but (B) is true

Why: Xylem carries water and minerals up from the roots. Phloem carries food from the leaves to other parts. Both statements are true.

80.Comprehensive evaluation means holistic way of evaluating a student. The ways in which an EVS teacher can assess her students for comprehensive evaluation in EVS are:

(1) teachers’ observation
(2) half yearly and annual exams
(3) rating scale during assessment of activities
(4) portfolio

Why: All four options were accepted by CBSE. Teacher’s observation, exams, rating scales and portfolios are all ways to assess a child in comprehensive evaluation.

81.Ravi took some water in a glass. He puts a lemon in it. Then, he keeps adding a lot of salt into the water, half a spoon at a time. After some time, he notices that:

(1) Lemon sinks in water.
(2) Lemon floats in water.
(3) Lemon splits in water.
(4) Lemon remains mid-way in glass of water.

Why: Salt makes the water denser. Denser water pushes up with more force. So the lemon floats.

82.Which of the following sets depicts the themes of EVS at primary level?

(1) Weather, Water, Travel
(2) Food, Material, Shelter
(3) Family and Friends, Travel, Natural resources
(4) Shelter, Travel, Things we make and do

Why: NCERT EVS themes include Shelter, Travel and Things We Make and Do. The other sets have names that are not EVS themes.

83.Which one of the following statements regarding Al-Biruni is NOT true?
Choose the correct answer.

(1) The place that Al-Biruni came from is now called Uzbekistan.
(2) More than a thousand years ago, he came to India.
(3) He did not write anything about ponds in India.
(4) He has praised the making of ponds in India.

Why: Al-Biruni wrote about the ponds of India and praised them. So the statement that he wrote nothing about ponds is not true.

84.Consider the following statements (A) and (B).
Statement (A): Bora is a common variety of rice used in Assam.
Statement (B): Paddy grows well in clayey soil and requires a lot of water.
Select the correct code from the following.

(1) (A) and (B) both are correct
(2) (A) and (B) both are wrong
(3) (A) is correct but (B) is wrong
(4) (A) is wrong but (B) is correct

Why: Bora is a sticky rice of Assam. Paddy grows well in clayey soil that holds water, and it needs a lot of water. Both are correct.

85.What is the mass of an object with a density of 12 g/ml and a volume of 3 ml?

(1) 15 g
(2) 24 g
(3) 36 g
(4) 4 g

Why: Mass = density × volume = 12 g/ml × 3 ml = 36 g.

86.You wish that students learn by peer-learning strategies. Which strategy will you adopt to form groups?

(1) Make a roll number-wise groups of 4/5 students
(2) Make a homogeneous group of students according to their scores in examination
(3) Make a heterogeneous group based on participation and cooperation
(4) Form a group of 5 students of same gender and socio-economic background

Why: In peer learning, mixed groups work best. Children of different abilities and backgrounds learn from each other and cooperate.

87.Which one of the following statements regarding Ghadsisar Lake is NOT true?

(1) King Ghadsi of Jaisalmer got it made.
(2) It was built around 650 years ago.
(3) It was connected with nine lakes.
(4) It is in use till today.

Why: King Ghadsi got Ghadsisar lake made about 650 years ago. It was linked with many small lakes. It is not in use today, so option 4 is not true.

88.Assertion: The theme ‘Family and Friends’ is a major theme in EVS and ‘Plants and Animals’ are presented as a subtheme of ‘Family and Friends’.
Reason: The interdependence of human beings and other forms of life is highlighted through themes.

(1) Both the assertion and reason are correct and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(2) The assertion and the reason are correct but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(3) Assertion is true but the reason is false.
(4) The statement of the assertion is false but the reason is true.

Why: In EVS, ‘Plants and Animals’ is a sub-theme under ‘Family and Friends’. This shows that people, plants and animals depend on each other. So the reason explains the assertion.

89.Read the given statements carefully and choose the correct option.
Assertion (A): We can cook food easily at sea level as compared to higher altitudes.
Reason (R): At high altitudes, boiling point of water increases.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) (A) is false but (R) is true.

Why: Air pressure is low at high places, so water boils at a lower temperature. Food takes longer to cook there. (A) is true, but (R) is false.

90.Nina, an EVS teacher of class 5 gives a group assignment to her students that they have to visit nearby agricultural farms and find out information about the implements used by farmers during agriculture and the type of crops they grow. They also have to collect photographs and prepare a report. What process skills and learning indicators are involved here?

(1) Questioning, Expression, Inferring
(2) Questioning, Experimentation, sensitivity towards environment
(3) Hypothesising, inferring, expression
(4) Prediction, experimentation, observing

Why: Students ask farmers questions, draw conclusions from what they find and present a report with photos. So the skills are questioning, inferring and expression.

Yet as soon as she saw him, she did not look as Alfred thought she would look : she smiled, her
blue eyes never wavered, and with a calmness and dignity that made them forget that her clothes
seemed to have been thrown on her, she put out her hand to Mr. Carr and said politely, “I’m
Mrs. Higgins. I’m Alfred’s mother.”
Mr. Carr was a bit embarrassed by her lack of terror and her simplicity and he hardly knew what
to say to her, so she asked, “Is Alfred in trouble ?”
“He is. He’s been taking things from the store. I caught him red-handed. Little things like compacts
and toothpaste and lipsticks. Stuff he can sell easily,” the proprietor said.
Mrs. Higgins put out her hand and touched Sam Carr’s arm with an understanding gentleness,
and speaking as though afraid of disturbing him, she said, “If you would only listen to me before doing
anything”. Her simple earnestness made her shy; her humility made her falter and look away, but in a
moment she was smiling gravely again and she said with a kind of patient dignity, “What do you intend
to do, Mr. Carr ?”
“I am going to get a cop. That’s what I ought to do.”
“Yes, I suppose so. It’s not for me to say, because he’s my son. Yet I sometimes think a little good
advice is the best thing for a boy when he is at a certain period in his life,” she said.
Alfred couldn’t understand his mother’s quiet composure, for if they had been at home and someone
had suggested that he was going to be arrested, he knew she would be in a rage and would cry out
against him.

91.Study the following statements:
(a) When she entered the drug store, Mrs. Higgins was not properly dressed.
(b) She looked like the mother of a guilty person.
(c) Mr. Carr did not expect her to be calm and dignified.

(1) (a) and (b) are right but (c) is wrong.
(2) (b) and (c) are right but (a) is wrong.
(3) (a) and (c) are right but (b) is wrong.
(4) (a) and (b) are wrong but (c) is right.

Why: Her clothes ‘seemed to have been thrown on her’, so (a) is right. Mr. Carr was embarrassed by her calm manner, so (c) is right. She did not look like a guilty person’s mother, so (b) is wrong.

92.Having looked at his mother, Alfred was:

(1) shocked
(2) scared
(3) pleased
(4) surprised

Why: Alfred thought his mother would look scared and upset. She was calm instead. So he was surprised.

93.Study the following statements:
(a) Mr. Carr intended to get Alfred arrested.
(b) Mrs. Higgins wanted him to be given a chance to reform himself.

(1) (a) is right and (b) is wrong.
(2) (b) is right and (a) is wrong.
(3) Both (a) and (b) are right.
(4) Both (a) and (b) are wrong.

Why: Mr. Carr says he is going to get a cop. Mrs. Higgins asks him to listen and suggests good advice instead. So both (a) and (b) are right.

94.‘... her humility made her falter....’ Choose the word opposite in meaning to the underlined one.

(1) pride
(2) frankness
(3) intrigue
(4) hitch

Why: Humility means being humble. Its opposite is pride.

95.‘.... her blue eyes never wavered’. Choose the word nearest in meaning to the underlined one.

(1) advanced
(2) hesitated
(3) waved
(4) snickered

Why: ‘Never wavered’ means her eyes did not move or hesitate. So ‘wavered’ is nearest to ‘hesitated’.

96.‘..... he hardly knew what to say to her.’ The underlined is a/an __________ clause.

(1) Principal
(2) Noun
(3) Adjective
(4) Adverb

Why: ‘What to say to her’ is the object of the verb ‘knew’. It works like a noun. So it is a noun clause.

97.Which of the following statements is not correct?

(1) Alfred was a petty thief.
(2) He stole cream, compact and lipstick from the store.
(3) At Mr. Carr’s accusation, Alfred’s mother felt intimidated.
(4) Yet, she was very gentle in responding to him.

Why: Mr. Carr says Alfred took compacts, toothpaste and lipsticks. He does not mention cream. So statement 2 is not correct.

98.‘.... made them forget that her clothes seemed...’ The underlined word is a/an __________.

(1) Noun
(2) Pronoun
(3) Preposition
(4) Conjunction

Why: ‘That’ joins the clause ‘her clothes seemed...’ to the verb ‘forget’. Here it is a conjunction.

99.Which of the following statements is not correct?

(1) At home, Mrs. Higgins would have been enraged.
(2) Outside, her conduct was like that of a caring mother.
(3) When she introduced herself, Mr. Carr felt stupefied
(4) He felt that he would have to forgive Alfred.

Why: The passage does not say Mr. Carr felt he must forgive Alfred. He only says he ought to get a cop. So statement 4 is not correct.

All the world is a stage,
And all the men and women merely players;
They have their exits and their entrances;
And one man in his time plays many parts,
His acts being seven ages. At first the infant,
Mewling and puking in the nurse’s arms;
Then the whining school-boy, with his satchel
And shining morning face, creeping like snail
Unwilling to school. And then the lover,
Sighing like a furnace, with a woeful ballad
Made to his mistress’ eyebrow. Then a soldier,
Full of strange oaths, and bearded like a pard,
Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel,
Seeking the bubble-reputation
Even in the cannon’s mouth.

100.A soldier is jealous about his honour as:

(1) he is jealous of his enemy.
(2) he is very sensitive about his honour.
(3) he is ferocious like a leopard.
(4) he wants to win at any cost.

Why: ‘Jealous in honour’ means the soldier is very touchy about his honour. He is quick to fight to protect it.

101.‘..... their exits and entrances.....’ The figure of speech used here is:

(1) Simile
(2) Metaphor
(3) Personification
(4) Hyperbole

Why: Entering and leaving the stage stand for birth and death. The comparison is made without ‘like’ or ‘as’, so it is a metaphor.

102.A school-boy:

(1) is reluctant to go to school.
(2) looks beautiful in the morning.
(3) likes his teachers.
(4) both (1) and (2)

Why: The school-boy creeps ‘unwilling to school’, so he is reluctant. He also has a ‘shining morning face’. Both (1) and (2) are true.

103.What do all men and women do?

(1) perform various roles in life
(2) indulge in indoor games like chess, cards, etc.
(3) play outdoor games like football, cricket, etc.
(4) fight wars

Why: All people are ‘players’ who play many parts. This means they perform different roles in life.

104.Why is the lover’s sign compared to a furnace?

(1) He gets angry very soon.
(2) He feels emotionally charged.
(3) He offers warmth to his beloved.
(4) He is writing a ballad.

Why: ‘Sighing like a furnace’ shows the lover’s deep, burning feelings. He is emotionally charged.

105.Identify the figure of speech used in the first line.

(1) Simile
(2) Metaphor
(3) Personification
(4) Hyperbole

Why: ‘All the world is a stage’ compares the world to a stage directly, without ‘like’ or ‘as’. So it is a metaphor.

106.Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with respect to the given sentence?
Sentence: Rhymes, songs and chants are ways for children to:

(1) extend vocabulary.
(2) memorize words and sentence structure.
(3) practise pronunciation.
(4) enhance expression and the rhythm of sentences.

Why: CBSE accepted options 2 and 4. Rhymes and songs build vocabulary and help pronunciation. They are not meant for memorising sentence structure, and ‘rhythm of sentences’ is not their main aim.

107.Which one of the following is NOT true about using the library at the primary level?
The library should not just be seen as a storage space for books, rather

(1) learners can be exposed to a variety of genres of children’s literature.
(2) as an active environment for engagement with books.
(3) teachers and other adults can also model reading behaviour in the libraries.
(4) a read-aloud of the textbook can be best done in a library.

Why: A library is a lively place for free reading of many kinds of books. Reading the textbook aloud is a class task. It is not the purpose of a library.

108.Which one of the following should be mastered to be literate?

(1) Phonological awareness and fluency.
(2) Sight vocabulary and pattern recognition.
(3) Decoding and language comprehension.
(4) Accuracy and phonological comprehension.

Why: To be literate, a child must decode written words (read the letters into sounds) and understand the language. Both are needed.

109.Which one of the following is NOT correct about teaching grammar effectively?

(1) Promote genuine communication.
(2) Elicit relevant rules of grammar.
(3) Provide practice in communication.
(4) Learn grammar by memorizing its rules.

Why: Grammar is learnt best through real use and practice. Memorising rules does not help children use them.

110.Literacy teaching approach that emphasise the relationship between letters and sounds is:

(1) whole language Approach
(2) grammar translation
(3) situational approach
(4) phonics instruction

Why: Phonics teaches the link between letters and their sounds.

111.A teacher in class III asked her learners to ask their partners five questions about their abilities using the word ‘can’, e.g can you swim? This type of activity enhances:

(1) Oral fluency practice
(2) Controlled oral practice
(3) Free speaking
(4) Passive listening

Why: Children ask each other real questions using ‘can’. They practise speaking freely and smoothly. This builds oral fluency.

112.A third-grade teacher wishes to establish a reading corner in her class. In making the judgements for selecting a children’s book, which one of the following questions would be most important to be considered first?

(1) Are the authors of these books well-known and respected authors of children’s literature?
(2) Are the books written for the independent reading level of most students in the class?
(3) Will the books help address the goals of the third-grade reading curriculum?
(4) Will these books be appropriate for use in more than one instructional context?

Why: [KEY] The CBSE key gives option 1 (well-known authors). Many teachers would first check the reading level or the curriculum goals, but the key credits the authors.

113.Which approach/method is geared towards the learner’s main goal of using language in a real-life context?

(1) Natural approach
(2) Communicative approach
(3) Direct method
(4) Audio-lingual method

Why: The communicative approach aims at using language in real-life situations.

114.A teacher asked the learners to exchange workbooks and check their partners work. The objective of this task is to:

(1) give practice in extensive reading.
(2) give practice in using new vocabulary.
(3) give controlled practice of structures.
(4) develop the skill of peer correction.

Why: When children check each other’s work, they learn peer correction. This is the aim of the task.

115.Children in the foundational stage are more engaged in learning when:

(1) they sing rhymes after the teacher.
(2) they use multiple senses and actively use their hands.
(3) they trace or write letters repeatedly in their notebooks.
(4) they focus only on developing fine motor skills.

Why: Young children learn best when they use many senses and work with their hands.

116.A student of class V says, “I give my work a final check for accuracy before submitting it to the teacher.” The student is working at the writing stage of:

(1) Drafting
(2) Re-drafting
(3) Proof reading
(4) Peer-evaluation

Why: Checking the final work for mistakes before handing it in is proofreading.

117.Which approach/method doesn’t encourage learners to use their native langauge in a language class?

(1) Natural approach
(2) Communicative approach
(3) Direct method
(4) Audio-lingual method

Why: The direct method teaches only through the target language. It does not allow the mother tongue in class.

118.A teacher is planning to collect a variety of Teaching Learning Materials (TLM) for his class II students. Which one of the following is NOT a correct criterion for choosing TLMs?

(1) The material chosen should be attractive and safe for children of this age group to use.
(2) The material chosen should provide adequate opportunities for the children to explore and experiment with curiosity.
(3) The material chosen should be preferably locally made or locally available, as this would allow for easy replacement.
(4) The material chosen should be made by the children only and have some roughness to avoid slipperiness.

Why: TLM should be safe, attractive, open for exploring and locally available. It need not be made only by children, and it need not be rough. So option 4 is not a correct criterion.

119.To create an inclusive, welcoming and joyful environment that supports every child’s participation in achieving the competencies outlined in the National Curriculum Framework (NCF) can be best done by:

(1) conducting indoor activities and avoiding them from outdoor activities in scorching heat.
(2) majorly focusing on the learners good health and well being.
(3) displaying children’s work from different domains of development.
(4) decorating the classroom for a colourful environment.

Why: Displaying the work of every child in different areas makes each child feel valued. This creates an inclusive and joyful class.

120.Which one of the following is NOT the principle for textbook design at the foundational stage?

(1) Curriculum Principle
(2) Presentation Principle
(3) Concrete Principle
(4) Technology Principle

Why: The textbook design principles at the foundational stage include curriculum, presentation and technology principles. ‘Concrete principle’ is not one of them.

इस बार मौसम वैज्ञानिकों ने घोषणा की हुई है कि अल नीनो प्रभाव के कारण मानसून कमजोर रह सकता है। चैत के महीने में
बारिश होने के हालात पर ध्यान ने भी यही कहा है। चैत यानी मार्च-अप्रैल के दिनों में अगर बारिश होती है तो सावन सूखा जा सकता
है। बात सिर्फ इस बार के मानसून की नहीं है। अमेरिका में हाल ही में ताजे पानी के हालात पर हुए एक सम्मेलन में संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ
के महासचिव एंटोनियो गुटेरेस ने एक गंभीर चेतावनी दी है। इसमें कहा गया है कि 2050 तक पानी का सबसे बड़ा संकट भारत में आने
वाला है। भारत पर संकट इसलिए है क्योंकि गंगा, यमुना, ब्रह्मपुत्र और ऐसी जैसी नदियों का पानी धीरे-धीरे कम होता जाएगा। सिर्फ
गंगा की बात करें तो 2500 किलोमीटर लंबी यह नदी उत्तराखंड से बंगाल के बीच कई राज्यों से गुजरती है। इसके किनारों पर बसे
महानगरों, कस्बों और गाँवों की करीब चालीस करोड़ की आबादी की पानी से जुड़ी जरूरतों को यह पूरा करती है। इसके पानी का स्रोत
गंगोत्री ग्लेशियर है। पर्यावरण वैज्ञानिकों का दावा है कि पिछले 87 साल में तीस किलोमीटर लंबा इस ग्लेशियर का पिघलना दो किलोमीटर
हिस्सा पिघलकर गायब हो चुका है। अभी जलवायु परिवर्तन का जो हाल है, वह पूरे हिमालय क्षेत्र के लिए खतरनाक माना जा रहा है।
भारत के हिस्से वाले हिमालय में 9775 ग्लेशियर बताए जाते हैं। इनमें अकेले उत्तराखंड में 968 हैं। अब अगर इनके पिघलने की
रफ्तार तेज होती जाती है तो क्या होगा?

121.भारत की नदियों में जल कम होता जा रहा है। इसका कारण है:

(1) ग्लेशियरों का न पिघलना
(2) ग्लेशियरों का तेज़ी से पिघलना
(3) ग्लेशियरों के क्षेत्रफल में कमी आना
(4) ग्लेशियरों के क्षेत्रफल में वृद्धि होना

Why: गद्यांश के अनुसार ग्लेशियर पिघल रहे हैं और उनके पिघलने की रफ़्तार बढ़ रही है। इसी से नदियों में जल कम होता जा रहा है।

122.गंगा के किनारे बसे लोगों की आबादी लगभग है:

(1) 87 करोड़
(2) 30 करोड़
(3) 40 करोड़
(4) 96 करोड़

Why: गद्यांश में लिखा है कि गंगा किनारे बसी लगभग चालीस करोड़ की आबादी की पानी की ज़रूरतें पूरी करती है।

123.नदियों का पानी धीरे-धीरे कम होता जाएगा। वाक्य में रेखांकित पद है:

(1) विशेषण
(2) क्रिया
(3) क्रिया विशेषण
(4) प्रविशेषण

Why: ‘धीरे-धीरे’ बताता है कि पानी कैसे कम होगा। क्रिया की विशेषता बताने वाला शब्द क्रिया विशेषण होता है।

124.गद्यांश में किस संकट की बात की गई है?

(1) खाद्य संकट
(2) रोज़गार संकट
(3) जल संकट
(4) पर्यावरण संकट

Why: पूरा गद्यांश नदियों और ग्लेशियरों के पानी के घटने के बारे में है। अतः यह जल संकट की बात करता है।

125.अल नीनो का प्रभाव पड़ता है:

(1) जलवायु पर
(2) जल स्रोतों पर
(3) मानसून पर
(4) मानव पर

Why: गद्यांश के अनुसार अल नीनो के कारण मानसून कमज़ोर रह सकता है।

126.‘इस ग्लेशियर का पौने दो किलोमीटर हिस्सा पिघलकर गायब हो चुका है।’ वाक्य में रेखांकित पद है:

(1) संख्यावाचक विशेषण
(2) परिमाणवाचक विशेषण
(3) गुणवाचक विशेषण
(4) सार्वनामिक विशेषण

Why: ‘पौने दो किलोमीटर’ हिस्से की नाप-तौल बताता है। मात्रा या माप बताने वाला विशेषण परिमाणवाचक होता है।

127.गद्यांश के अनुसार 2050 तक पानी का सबसे बड़ा संकट आनेवाला है:

(1) अमेरिका में
(2) भारत में
(3) संयुक्त अरब अमीरात में
(4) पाकिस्तान में

Why: संयुक्त राष्ट्र की रिपोर्ट के अनुसार 2050 तक पानी का सबसे बड़ा संकट भारत में आने वाला है।

128.‘पर्यावरण’ में उपसर्ग और मूल शब्द हैं:

(1) पर्या + आवरण
(2) परि + अवरण
(3) परि + आवरण
(4) पर + आवरण

Why: परि + आवरण = पर्यावरण। इसमें ‘परि’ उपसर्ग है और ‘आवरण’ मूल शब्द है।

इस संसार में सब कुछ अस्थायी है। पाप और पुण्य दोनों इस संसार से संबंधित हैं, इसलिए पाप और पुण्य भी अस्थायी हैं।
पुण्य सुख देकर और पाप दुख देकर अंत को प्राप्त होता है। लेकिन पाप और पुण्य में थोड़ा अंतर यह है कि पुण्य का फल यदि हम
नहीं चाहते तो उस फल को अस्वीकार करने के लिए स्वतंत्र हैं। पाप लोहे की जंजीर है तो पुण्य सोने की। बंधन दोनों में हैं। लोहे की
जंजीर से छूटने का आभास तो मन भी करता है लेकिन सोने की जंजीर से जो बंधा हुआ है उसको वह बंधन प्यारा लगने लगता है।
उसमें उसको धन नजर आता है उससे छूटने का मन नहीं करता।

129.इस संसार में कुछ भी __________ नहीं है।

(1) अपूर्ण
(2) पूर्ण
(3) स्थायी
(4) अस्थायी

Why: गद्यांश के अनुसार इस संसार में सब कुछ अस्थायी है। यानी यहाँ कुछ भी स्थायी नहीं है।

130.पाप और पुण्य दोनों __________ हैं।

(1) स्थायी
(2) अस्थायी
(3) स्वाभाविक
(4) हानिकारक

Why: पाप और पुण्य दोनों संसार से जुड़े हैं, इसलिए दोनों अस्थायी हैं।

131.पुण्य में उसके फल को:

(1) हम स्वीकार नहीं भी कर सकते
(2) हम स्वीकार करने के लिए बाध्य हैं
(3) किसी दूसरे के लिए उपयोग में ला सकते हैं
(4) प्राप्त करना बहुत श्रमसाध्य है

Why: गद्यांश के अनुसार यदि हम पुण्य का फल नहीं चाहते, तो उसे अस्वीकार करने के लिए स्वतंत्र हैं। यानी हम उसे स्वीकार न भी करें।

132.गद्यांश के अनुसार पाप और पुण्य:

(1) दोनों में स्वतंत्रता है।
(2) दोनों में फल की इच्छा रहती है।
(3) दोनों से मुक्ति अनिवार्य है।
(4) दोनों में बंधन है।

Why: गद्यांश में पाप और पुण्य दोनों को बंधन माना गया है, क्योंकि दोनों का फल भोगना पड़ता है।

133.पाप और पुण्य दोनों की तुलना क्रमश: __________ और __________ की जंजीर से की गई है।

(1) स्वर्ण, लोहे
(2) लोहे, पीतल
(3) लोहे, स्वर्ण
(4) पीतल, लोहे

Why: पाप लोहे की जंजीर है और पुण्य सोने की जंजीर। दोनों बाँधते हैं, केवल धातु अलग है।

134.समूह से भिन्न शब्द है:

(1) फल
(2) स्वतंत्र
(3) अस्थायी
(4) प्यारा

Why: स्वतंत्र, अस्थायी और प्यारा विशेषण हैं। ‘फल’ संज्ञा है, इसलिए यह भिन्न है।

135.‘स्वतंत्र’ का विलोम है:

(1) गुलाम
(2) परतंत्र
(3) दासता
(4) परतंत्रता

Why: ‘स्वतंत्र’ विशेषण है, इसका विलोम ‘परतंत्र’ है। ‘परतंत्रता’ संज्ञा है।

136.बुनियादी चरण में आकलन के उपकरण और प्रक्रियाओं की अभिकल्पना इस तरह होनी चाहिए:

(1) जिससे जाँचपत्र व परीक्षाएँ शिक्षार्थियों के लिए स्पष्ट व उचित हो सके।
(2) जो बच्चे के अधिगम अनुभव का सहज विस्तार बन सकें।
(3) शिक्षार्थी की प्रगति का उसके समग्र कक्षा प्रदर्शन के संदर्भ में वर्णन और विश्लेषण किया जाना चाहिए।
(4) अध्यापक सभी शिक्षार्थियों की उपलब्धि का आकलन करने के लिए एक ही विधि का प्रयोग कर सकते हैं।

Why: बुनियादी चरण में आकलन बच्चे की रोज़ की सीखने की गतिविधियों का सहज हिस्सा होना चाहिए, परीक्षा जैसा नहीं।

137.बच्चों का संज्ञानात्मक विकास और भाषा:

(1) उद्दीपक प्रतिक्रिया संबंध के सिद्धान्त और अनुकरण की प्रक्रिया से संबंधित है।
(2) मनुष्य का सहजात उपकरण है जिसके द्वारा वह भाषा में निपुणता प्राप्त करता है।
(3) विकास में कोई संबंध नहीं है।
(4) उस संस्कृति और समुदायों से घनिष्ठ रूप से संबंधित है जिनमें बच्चे रहते हैं।

Why: वायगोत्स्की के अनुसार बच्चे का चिंतन और भाषा उसकी संस्कृति और समुदाय से जुड़कर विकसित होते हैं।

138.कोई भी व्यक्ति किसके द्वारा सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त तरीके से द्वितीय भाषा सीख सकता है?

(1) ऐसी कक्षा जहाँ आप व्याकरण पर ध्यान केन्द्रित करते हैं और अध्यापक से सहायता प्राप्त करते हैं।
(2) अपने समाज में सहजात वाचकों (मूलभाषा बोलने वालों) के सतत सम्पर्क के माध्यम से।
(3) श्रव्य भाषिक विधि के अनुसार संवादों को दोहराना और अभ्यास करना।
(4) लक्ष्य भाषा के किसी वाचन पाठ्यक्रम में दाखिला लेकर।

Why: दूसरी भाषा उन लोगों के साथ लगातार संपर्क से सबसे अच्छी सीखी जाती है जो उसे स्वाभाविक रूप से बोलते हैं।

139.“भाषा अधिगम एक गहन प्रक्रिया है जो जन्म के समय से शुरू होती है और जीवन पर्यन्त चलती है।” क्या आप इस कथन से सहमत या असहमत हैं?

(1) मैं इस कथन से सहमत हूँ।
(2) मैं इस कथन से असहमत हूँ।
(3) मैं इस कथन से आंशिक रूप से सहमत हूँ।
(4) मैं इस कथन से आंशिक रूप से असहमत हूँ।

Why: [KEY] CBSE की कुंजी ने विकल्प 2 (असहमत) को सही माना है। सामान्यतः भाषा अधिगम को जन्म से जीवन भर चलने वाली प्रक्रिया माना जाता है, पर अंक विकल्प 2 पर दिए गए।

140.कक्षा में छोटे बच्चों के लिए मुद्रित पुस्तकों के साथ-साथ श्रव्य पुस्तकें और छोटे बच्चों की स्पर्शग्राही योग्यताओं का इस्तेमाल करने वाली पुस्तकें होनी चाहिए क्योंकि -

(1) कक्षा में विविधता आती है और बच्चों को विविधता बहुत पसंद है।
(2) यह अध्यापकों को आकलन के लिए विभिन्न पुस्तकों का प्रयोग करने की स्वायत्तता देती है।
(3) विविधता वाले शिक्षार्थियों तक पुस्तकें अधिक सुलभ बनाती है।
(4) अध्यापक पर अधिक बोझ नहीं डालती हैं।

Why: स्पर्श से पढ़ी जाने वाली पुस्तकें अलग-अलग तरह से सीखने वाले बच्चों तक पुस्तकें सुलभ बनाती हैं।

141.एक अध्यापक ने कक्षा पाँच के विद्यार्थियों को शीघ्रता से एक कहानी पढ़ने और उसके बाद चार चित्रों को क्रम में लगाने के लिए कहा। इस गतिविधि का क्या उद्देश्य है?

(1) चित्र कार्डों को क्रम से लगाना।
(2) सारांशीकरण के लिए पठन का अभ्यास करवाना।
(3) विशिष्ट सूचना जानने के लिए पठन का अभ्यास करवाना।
(4) कहानी में आए नए और कठिन शब्दों की पुनरावृत्ति।

Why: जल्दी पढ़कर चित्रों को क्रम में लगाने के लिए केवल मुख्य भाव समझना होता है। यह सारांश (गिस्ट) के लिए पठन है।

142.इस प्रकार के पठन के कुछ अधिगम उद्देश्य और कार्य हैं। शिक्षार्थियों से अपेक्षा रहती है कि वे विषयवस्तु को विस्तार से ध्यानपूर्वक और सावधानीपूर्वक पढ़ें, यह है:

(1) विस्तृत पठन
(2) गहन पठन (इंटैंसिव)
(3) निर्देशित पठन
(4) आनन्द के लिए पठन

Why: किसी उद्देश्य से पाठ को ध्यान से और विस्तार से पढ़ना गहन पठन कहलाता है।

143.विद्यार्थी अध्यापक द्वारा दिये गए आदर्श वाक्यों को दोहराकर भाषा के प्रतिमान (पैटर्न) सीखते हैं। वे वाक्यों को कंठस्थ कर लेते हैं और सही तरीके से ड्रिल करने पर अपने अध्यापक द्वारा सकारात्मक पुनर्बलन प्राप्त करते हैं। अध्यापक द्वारा क्या किया जा रहा है?

(1) श्रव्य भाषिक विधि
(2) सम्प्रेषणात्मक उपागम
(3) कुल भौतिक प्रतिक्रिया
(4) संरचनात्मक उपागम

Why: आदर्श वाक्यों को दोहराना, ड्रिल और सही उत्तर पर प्रशंसा— ये श्रव्य भाषिक विधि की विशेषताएँ हैं।

144.शिक्षार्थी व्याकरण के नियम और शब्द संपदा को कंठस्थ कर रहे हैं, अधिकांश कार्य मातृभाषा में हो रहा है। भाषा अध्यापक द्वारा अपनी कक्षा में किस विधि का प्रयोग करना चाहिए?

(1) प्रत्यक्ष (डायरेक्ट) विधि
(2) प्राकृतिक उपागम
(3) सम्प्रेषणात्मक शिक्षण
(4) व्याकरण अनुवाद

Why: व्याकरण के नियम और शब्द रटना तथा अधिकतर काम मातृभाषा में करना व्याकरण अनुवाद विधि है।

145.यदि बच्चे अपने परिवेश में दो भाषाओं का बोलना सुनते हैं, दो भाषाओं को सुनने के ये अवसर:

(1) बच्चों को नुकसान पहुँचाते हैं।
(2) बच्चों को लाभ पहुँचाते हैं।
(3) कोई प्रभाव नहीं डालते हैं।
(4) समझ में भ्रमित करते हैं।

Why: दो भाषाएँ सुनने वाले बच्चों को लाभ होता है। उनकी भाषा-समझ और चिंतन बेहतर होता है।

146.पठन सीखने में सबसे बड़ी चुनौती प्रेरणा और अच्छा बालसाहित्य पाने की है। इस चुनौती को दूर करने के लिए -

(1) अध्यापकों को गृहकार्य के रूप में प्रतिदिन एक पुस्तक पढ़ने के लिए अभिप्रेरित करना चाहिए।
(2) अभिभावकों को अपने घर में एक छोटा सा पुस्तकालय बनाने के लिए प्रोत्साहित करना चाहिए।
(3) बाल साहित्य की सरलता से उपलब्धता जिससे पठन के लिए प्रोत्साहन और रुचि पैदा हो।
(4) विद्यालय के अधिकारियों को चाहिए कि वे बच्चों को पुस्तक मेले ले जाया करें जिससे कि वे पुस्तकें पढ़ने के लिए प्रोत्साहित हों और रुचि पैदा हो।

Why: अच्छा बाल साहित्य आसानी से मिलने पर बच्चों में पढ़ने की रुचि पैदा होती है।

147.प्राथमिक स्तर पर भाषा कौशल का आकलन करने के लिए भाषा अध्यापक को मुख्यत: किस पर ध्यान केन्द्रित करना चाहिए?

(1) वर्णमाला के अक्षरों की पहचान करना।
(2) विराम चिन्हों का प्रयोग।
(3) उचित गति के साथ पठन।
(4) समझ के साथ पठन।

Why: पढ़ने का अर्थ है समझना। इसलिए आकलन में समझ के साथ पठन पर सबसे अधिक ध्यान देना चाहिए।

148.एक अच्छी वाचन (बोलना) गतिविधि वह है जिसमें:

(1) अध्यापक अधिक व्याख्या करते हैं।
(2) शिक्षार्थी अधिक सुनते हैं।
(3) शिक्षार्थी अधिक बातचीत करते हैं।
(4) अधिकांशत: मुखरित विद्यार्थियों की ही सहभागिता रहती है।

Why: अच्छी बोलने की गतिविधि में शिक्षार्थी अध्यापक से अधिक बोलते हैं।

149.पाठ के आरंभ में एक अध्यापक ने अपनी कक्षा के शिक्षार्थियों को समूहों में बाँटा और कहा कि अभी हाल ही में पढ़े गए समाचार पत्र के रूचिकर आलेख के बारे में बात करें। बोलने (वाचन) की यह गतिविधि किसलिए है?

(1) मौखिक प्रवाह अभ्यास
(2) नियंत्रित मौखिक अभ्यास
(3) निर्देशित मौखिक अभ्यास
(4) सक्रिय श्रवण

Why: समूह में किसी लेख पर खुलकर बात करने से बोलने में प्रवाह आता है। यह मौखिक प्रवाह अभ्यास है।

150.समग्र भाषा उपागम क्या है?

(1) अर्थ आधारित
(2) कौशल आधारित
(3) ध्वनियों का मिश्रण
(4) ध्वनि-संकेत संबंध में निष्कर्ष निकालना

Why: समग्र भाषा उपागम अर्थ पर आधारित है। इसमें बच्चे पूरे और सार्थक पाठ के माध्यम से पढ़ना सीखते हैं।

CTET January 2024 — Paper I

Choose your language papers

Central Teacher Eligibility Test — January 2024
Paper I

Part I — Child Development and Pedagogy

Part II — Mathematics

Part III — Environmental Studies

Part IV — Language I — English

Part V — Language II — Hindi

Answer Key