MAK LABS — CTET 14 December 2024 Paper II (Maths and Science) Question Paper with Answer Key

1.Which of these statements would advocates of progressive education agree with?

(1) Children are a distinct life-stage that hold importance because of ‘what they would become as adults’ rather than ‘what they are as children’.
(2) Children are naturally ‘good’ and society corrupts them.
(3) Children are naturally ‘uncivilized’ and socialization is necessary to make them moral human beings.
(4) Children are born in a social, cultural, economic context and this background influences their development.

Why: Progressive educators like Dewey see the child as shaped by his social, cultural and economic setting. Education must start from that context.

2.Changes in emotion, self-perception and interpersonal relationships with families, peers and friends are studied under __________ domain of development.

(1) Psycho-social
(2) Physical
(3) Cognitive
(4) Linguistic

Why: Emotions, self-concept and relationships with others belong to the psycho-social (socio-emotional) domain.

3.The behaviours, interests, attitudes, skills and personality traits that a culture considers appropriate for specific gender are referred to as __________ and are __________.

(1) Gender identity; genetically determined
(2) Gender roles; culturally defined
(3) Gender roles; genetically determined
(4) Gender identity; culturally defined

Why: Behaviour that a culture expects from males or females is called gender roles. These are defined by culture, not by genes.

4.Assertion (A): In an inclusive classroom, all curriculum adaptations should be directed to lower the educational standards for ‘Special children’.
Reason (R): ‘Special children’ do not have any potential for learning in mainstream classroom.
Choose the correct option.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are false.
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(3) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(4) (A) is true but (R) is false.

Why: Adaptations give access to learning; they do not lower standards. Every child can learn in a regular class. So both statements are false.

5.As per Jean Piaget’s theory of Cognitive Development:

(1) Previous knowledge doesn’t play any role in the process of learning.
(2) Biological factors such as maturation don’t play any role in cognitive development.
(3) Learning experiences depend on children’s current level of cognitive functioning.
(4) Memorization should be prioritized over learning through experience.

Why: For Piaget, what a child can learn depends on his present stage of thinking. Prior knowledge and maturation both matter.

6.Lev Vygotsky views cognitive development as:

(1) effective adoption to the environment process
(2) a collaborative process
(3) an individual activity
(4) a unified process

Why: Vygotsky saw learning as social. Children develop through interaction with adults and peers.

7.While proposing the relationship between language and thinking process, Lev Vygotsky conceptualized language as a/an:

(1) Independent domain which is not related to cognition.
(2) cultural tool which facilitates cognition in multiple ways.
(3) form of egocentric speech used to only fulfill basic needs.
(4) hinderance to the development of cognitive abilities.

Why: For Vygotsky, language is the most important cultural tool. It shapes and supports thinking.

8.Which of the following is an example of a performance goal orientation?

(1) A student studies hard to further her own growth.
(2) A student studies hard to achieve a deep understanding of a topic.
(3) A student studies hard to get a good grade and be better than others.
(4) A student studies hard to learn as much as possible from the teacher.

Why: A performance goal is about showing ability and doing better than others. The other options are mastery (learning) goals.

9.Following Lev Vygotsky’s ideas, a teacher should:

(1) practice reciprocal teaching with her students.
(2) discourage the use of cultural tools by students.
(3) disseminate the knowledge to be memorized by the students.
(4) encourage students to compete with each other.

Why: Reciprocal teaching is based on dialogue and scaffolding. Teacher and students take turns to lead.

10.Which of the following are effective strategies to teach new concepts?
(i) Presenting examples
(ii) Presenting non-examples
(iii) Promoting thinking about relationships amongst concepts.
(iv) Giving a definition and encouraging students to rote memorize it.

(1) (iii), (iv), (i)
(2) (i), (ii)
(3) (i), (iii)
(4) (i), (ii), (iii)

Why: Examples, non-examples and links between concepts build understanding. Rote learning of a definition does not.

11.In which of the following method teacher and student interchange their roles?

(1) Reciprocal teaching
(2) Conditioned learning
(3) Receptive learning
(4) Expository teaching

Why: In reciprocal teaching, students take turns to act as the teacher and lead the discussion.

12.Fiza analyzes that she has more problems in learning topic X than in learning topic Z because she is interested in topic Z and is paying focused attention to it. Which of the following construct describes Fiza’s abilities to analyze her thinking?

(1) Cognitive conflict
(2) Metacognition
(3) Memory
(4) Cognition

Why: Fiza is thinking about her own learning. Thinking about one’s own thinking is metacognition.

13.Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligence proposes that:

(1) Intelligence can successfully predict academic success.
(2) Intelligences change over time.
(3) Intelligence is primarily inherited.
(4) Intelligence can be measured accurately and predicated precisely.

Why: Gardner held that intelligences are not fixed. They can grow with experience and practice.

14.While there exists a possibility of intra-group individual differences, yet most students with Autism:

(1) perform superior skills of imaginative play.
(2) acquire advanced socio-emotional reciprocity.
(3) demonstrate advanced communication skills.
(4) express strict adherence to routine or steps.

Why: Children with autism usually like fixed routines and repeated patterns. They find social communication difficult.

15.Assertion (A): Creating an environment of fear and stress keeps students ‘on their’ toes and facilitates meaningful learning.
Reason (R): Learning is governed only by extrinsic factors.
Choose the correct option.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are false.
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(3) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(4) (A) is true but (R) is false.

Why: Fear and stress block learning, so (A) is false. Learning also depends on internal factors like interest, so (R) is false.

16.An example of ‘class inclusion’:
Assertion (A): Lokesh has trouble with classifying one concept (Delhi) as a subset of another (India).
Reason (R): Understanding how emotions affect memory and learning can lead to self-regulated learning.
Choose the correct option.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are false.
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(3) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(4) (A) is true but (R) is false.

Why: Difficulty in placing Delhi inside India shows trouble with class inclusion. (R) is also true but talks about emotions, so it does not explain (A).

17.Which of the following statement aptly describes the purpose of a diagnostic assessment?

(1) To identify the areas where students may need additional support or instruction.
(2) To give students the opportunity to critically assess the work of their peers.
(3) To identify the attitude patterns of students and design a career guidance programme as per their needs.
(4) To provide feedback to the teacher about their teaching methods.

Why: Diagnostic assessment finds the specific areas where a learner is weak, so that help can be given.

18.Ten year old Kakuli is struggling with a difficult math problem. What can her teacher do to enhance her problem-solving skills?

(1) Give severe punishment so that it is not repeated in future
(2) Give her the solution to the problem
(3) Tell her to skip the problem and move on to the next one
(4) Encourage her to keep trying and offer scaffolding when needed

Why: Encouragement with timely support (scaffolding) helps the child solve the problem herself.

19.Jean Piaget perceives __________ to be __________. Lev-Vygotsky believes __________ to be __________.

(1) Private speech, effective in self-regulation; egocentric speech, a sign of cognitive immaturity
(2) Egocentric speech, a sign of cognitive immaturity; private speech, effective in self-regulation
(3) Egocentric speech, effective in self-regulation; private speech, a sign of cognitive immaturity
(4) Private speech, a sign of cognitive immaturity; egocentric speech, effective in self-regulation

Why: Piaget saw egocentric speech as a sign of immature thinking. Vygotsky saw private speech as a tool for self-regulation.

20.Universal design for learning does NOT involve:

(1) Practicing forms of labelling and categorization of learners.
(2) Giving all learners various ways of acquiring information and knowledge.
(3) Providing all learners alternatives for demonstrating what the learners know.
(4) Tapping into all learners’ interests and offering challenges accordingly.

Why: Universal design offers many ways to learn and show learning for all. It does not label or sort learners.

21.Which of the following statements about Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory is correct?

(1) It takes into account effects of culture and gender on moral reasoning.
(2) It does not specify exact stages for progression of moral development in children.
(3) It is based on the study done through experimental methods.
(4) It presents conflicting situations to children.

Why: Kohlberg gave children moral dilemmas (like the Heinz story) with conflicting choices and studied their reasoning.

22.Assertion (A): Each child finds opportunities to play, experiment and discover their world.
Reason (R): Childhood is a universal construct.
Choose the correct option.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are false.
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(3) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(4) (A) is true but (R) is false.

Why: Many children do not get chances to play and explore because of poverty or work. Childhood also differs across cultures, so it is not universal. Both are false.

23.Which of the following is an example of a question that promotes analytical thinking?

(1) Who was the leader of Germany during World War II?
(2) In which year did World War II end?
(3) Which countries were directly involved in the World War II?
(4) Which factors contributed to the outbreak of World War II?

Why: Finding the causes of an event needs analysis. The other questions only test recall of facts.

24.While engaging students who are visually challenged, teachers should use __________ which __________.

(1) Frequency modulated transmission devices; are an auditory system.
(2) Braille, is a tactile system.
(3) Braille, is an auditory system.
(4) Frequency modulated transmission devices; are a tactile system.

Why: Braille is read by touch, so it is a tactile system. FM devices help children with hearing loss.

25.You are a teacher who wants to encourage your students to think critically and creatively. Which of the following strategies is most likely to foster this type of thinking?

(1) Lecturing on the topic and providing students with detailed notes.
(2) Assigning a project in which students must memorize and present information on a topic.
(3) Providing students with open-ended questions to come up with their own solutions.
(4) Giving students multiple-choice tests to assess their knowledge.

Why: Open-ended questions have no single answer. Students must think and create their own solutions.

26.Which of the following is an example of assessment for student’s learning?

(1) A rubric given to students at the beginning of a project, outlining what they need to do to achieve a certain grade.
(2) A final exam that covers all the material learned throughout the term.
(3) A quiz and brainstorming at the beginning of class to check for prior knowledge.
(4) A standardized test used to compare students across the country.

Why: Sharing the rubric in advance tells students the criteria and guides their work. This supports learning, so it is assessment for learning.

27.Assertion (A): As compared to boys, girls have an innate tendency to be affected more by social and cultural factors.
Reason (R): Girls are genetically more sensitive and emotionally weaker than boys, making it more likely for them to conform to societal expectations.
Choose the correct option.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are false.
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(3) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(4) (A) is true but (R) is false.

Why: Both statements are gender stereotypes. There is no inborn or genetic weakness in girls. So both are false.

28.Assertion (A): 12-year Amana gets scared every time the teacher asks her to answer or solve the maths problem on the blackboard because she fears that the teacher will scold her and she would be embarrassed.
Reason (R): When students feel unsafe and anxious their learning is adversely affected.
Choose the correct option.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are false.
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(3) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(4) (A) is true but (R) is false.

Why: Amana feels unsafe and afraid in class. Fear and anxiety harm learning. So (R) explains (A).

29.A teacher wants to enable meaningful and analytical learning in her class by providing opportunities for students to connect their prior knowledge to new concepts. Which of the following teaching strategies would be most effective?

(1) Providing students with a step-by-step guide on how to complete a task related to the new material.
(2) Lecturing on new material and providing students with a list of key terms to memorize.
(3) Assign students to read the textbook chapter and answer questions at the end.
(4) Ask students to share their own experiences related to the new material and then connect them to the topic.

Why: Sharing experiences brings out prior knowledge. Linking it to the new topic makes learning meaningful.

30.In an inclusive classroom the teacher:

(1) Tries to encourage children to do better by promoting competitive spirit.
(2) Identifies ‘deficits’ in children and correctly labels them.
(3) Segregates children based on differing academic capabilities.
(4) Modifies the curriculum and pedagogical strategies to suit varied needs of children.

Why: An inclusive teacher changes the curriculum and methods to suit every child. Labelling and separating children go against inclusion.

31.Which of the following numbers is written in the standard form?

(1) 83.7 × 10⁻⁹
(2) 45 × 10³
(3) 8.5 × 10⁻¹²
(4) 0.6 × 10¹⁵

Why: In standard form the number before the power of 10 must be from 1 to less than 10. Only 8.5 fits.

32.In a pentagon ABCDE, ∠A = (2x + 9)°, ∠B = (2x + 1)°, ∠C = (2x − 1)°, ∠D = (2x + 5)° and ∠E = (2x − 4)°. Then, value of (2x + 10)° is:

(1) 124°
(2) 114°
(3) 116°
(4) 118°

Why: Sum of angles of a pentagon = 540°. So 10x + 10 = 540 and x = 53. Then 2x + 10 = 116°.

33.Which one of the following is the most appropriate feature of mathematics textbooks at elementary level?

(1) Concepts should be presented from concrete to abstract
(2) The language of the book must be highly precise and technical
(3) Books must contain a lot of similar questions to practice
(4) Concepts should be presented from complex to simple

Why: Young learners understand better when ideas move from concrete objects to abstract symbols.

34.A sum of ₹ 8000 becomes ₹ 9500 at 7.5% p.a. in x years at simple interest. What will be the amount of the sum in same time at 20% p.a, if interest is compounded yearly?

(1) ₹ 13824
(2) ₹ 11616
(3) ₹ 12144
(4) ₹ 12672

Why: SI = 1500 = 8000 × 7.5 × x ÷ 100, so x = 2½ years. For 2 years: 8000 × 1.2 × 1.2 = 11520. For the last ½ year at 10%: 11520 × 1.1 = ₹ 12672.

35.The two corresponding angles formed by the intersection of two parallel lines by a transversal are (3x − 20)° and (5x − 60)°. Then, the value of (4x + 30)° is:

(1) 150°
(2) 90°
(3) 110°
(4) 130°

Why: Corresponding angles are equal. 3x − 20 = 5x − 60 gives x = 20. So 4x + 30 = 110°.

36.Which of the following is used to record students’ problem solving ability, measurement ability and experimentation ability?

(1) Teacher Diary
(2) Cumulative Record
(3) Report Card
(4) Anecdotal Record

Why: As per the official key, the anecdotal record is used. The teacher notes what the child actually does while solving, measuring or experimenting.

37.The distance between the parallel sides AB and CD of a trapezium ABCD is 12 cm. If AB < CD, CD = 24 cm and AD = BC = 13 cm, then area of the trapezium (in cm²) is:

(1) 228
(2) 123.5
(3) 114
(4) 247

Why: Each slant side covers √(13² − 12²) = 5 cm of CD. So AB = 24 − 10 = 14 cm. Area = ½ × (14 + 24) × 12 = 228 cm².

38.Following data shows the number of wickets taken by a player in last 11 matches played by him/her:
1, 0, 2, 4, 0, 3, 1, 1, 2, 4, 1
What is the difference between the mean and mode of the above data?

(1) ⁸⁄₉
(2) ⁷⁄₁₁
(3) ⁸⁄₁₁
(4) ¹⁰⁄₉

Why: Mean = 19 ÷ 11 = ¹⁹⁄₁₁. Mode = 1. Difference = ¹⁹⁄₁₁ − 1 = ⁸⁄₁₁.

39.A nine-digit number 565x9274y is divisible by number 88. Then, the value of (2x + 3y) is:

(1) 22
(2) 26
(3) 25
(4) 24

Why: For 8, the last three digits 74y must be divisible by 8, so y = 4. For 11, (5+5+9+7+4) − (6+x+2+4) = 18 − x must be 0 or 11, so x = 7. Then 2x + 3y = 14 + 12 = 26.

40.Many occupations such as accountancy, banking, shop-keeping, tailoring etc. requires mathematics directly or indirectly. This is an explanation of __________ value of Mathematics.

(1) Professional
(2) Disciplinary
(3) Cultural
(4) Utilitarian

Why: Usefulness of maths in daily life and jobs is its utilitarian (practical) value.

41.O is a point on line AB. Rays OC and OD are drawn on the same side of AB such that OC ⊥ OD, ∠AOC = x and ∠BOD = 3x. Then, ∠BOD is equal to:

(1) 67½°
(2) 22½°
(3) 45°
(4) 60°

Why: Angles on a straight line add up to 180°. x + 90 + 3x = 180, so x = 22½°. ∠BOD = 3x = 67½°.

42.For teaching addition of integers at the upper primary stage which of the following is least useful?

(1) use of chart paper
(2) use of stairs
(3) use of lift
(4) use of number line

Why: Stairs, a lift and a number line show moving up and down, like positive and negative numbers. Plain chart paper does not.

43.If x = k, is the solution of the equation: ^{x − 4}⁄₇ − 1 = ^{5 − x}⁄₃ + x, then what is the value of ^{11k + 18}⁄_{11k − 12}?

(1) ⁴⁄₉
(2) ¹⁄₂
(3) ³⁄₄
(4) ⁵⁄₈

Why: Multiply by 21: 3x − 12 − 21 = 35 − 7x + 21x, so −11x = 68. Thus 11k = −68. Value = (−68 + 18) ÷ (−68 − 12) = −50 ÷ −80 = ⁵⁄₈.

44.Meenu wrote some numbers on the blackboard and arranged them in ascending order as 2 < 7 < 9 < 12. She then multiplied each number by −¹⁄₂.
Identify the correct statement regarding the above situation.

(1) Number of terms in the ascending order will change.
(2) Ascending order of numbers will still remain the same.
(3) Mean of the numbers will remain the same.
(4) Ascending order will now be changed to descending order.

Why: Multiplying by a negative number reverses the order. −1 > −3.5 > −4.5 > −6, so the order becomes descending.

45.Which of the following represents the most important capabilities of learners to be assessed in mathematics?
(a) Ability to use abstractions to perceive relationships
(b) Ability to memorize all the formulae given in textbook
(c) Ability to apply mathematical concepts to solve problems related to daily life situations
(d) Ability to score full marks in mathematics
Choose the correct option.

(1) (b) and (d)
(2) (a) and (c)
(3) (a) and (d)
(4) (b), (c) and (d)

Why: Maths assessment should check reasoning with abstract ideas and use of maths in daily life, not memory or marks.

46.The cost price of an article is ₹ 750. It is sold for ₹ 608 by giving 24% discount on its marked price. Had it been sold on its marked price, then what would have been the profit percent?

(1) 6⅔%
(2) 5%
(3) 6%
(4) 5⅓%

Why: Marked price = 608 ÷ 0.76 = ₹ 800. Profit = 800 − 750 = 50. Profit % = 50 ÷ 750 × 100 = 6⅔%.

47.The value of 31096 ÷ (2704 ÷ 2) + 0.6738 + 0.63 + 0.059 − 0.79 is equal to:

(1) 24.5728
(2) 23.6728
(3) 23.5728
(4) 24.6728

Why: 2704 ÷ 2 = 1352 and 31096 ÷ 1352 = 23. Then 0.6738 + 0.63 + 0.059 − 0.79 = 0.5728. Total = 23.5728.

48.Cards bearing numbers 12, 13, 14, ... , 70, 71 (one number on one card) are kept in a box and then a card is drawn from the box without looking into it. What is the probability that the card drawn has the number which is not a prime?

(1) ⁴⁵⁄₅₉
(2) ¹⁄₄
(3) ¹⁵⁄₅₉
(4) ³⁄₄

Why: There are 60 cards. Primes from 12 to 71 are 15 in number. Non-primes = 45. Probability = 45/60 = ³⁄₄.

49.Which one of the following is a teacher-centred method of teaching mathematics?

(1) Group Discussion Method
(2) Problem solving Method
(3) Lecture Method
(4) Heuristic Method

Why: In the lecture method the teacher talks and students listen. It is teacher-centred.

50.The distance covered (in metres) by a wheel of radius 25 cm in 350 rounds is (use π = ²²⁄₇):

(1) 1100
(2) 275
(3) 550
(4) 825

Why: Circumference = 2 × ²²⁄₇ × 25 = ¹¹⁰⁰⁄₇ cm. Distance = ¹¹⁰⁰⁄₇ × 350 = 55000 cm = 550 m.

51.One of the factors of 20pq² + 4pq + 45pr² − 60pqr − 6rp is:

(1) 15p − 10r + 2
(2) 2r − 3q
(3) 2q − 3r
(4) 10p − 15r + 2

Why: = 5p(4q² − 12qr + 9r²) + 2p(2q − 3r) = 5p(2q − 3r)² + 2p(2q − 3r) = p(2q − 3r)(10q − 15r + 2). So (2q − 3r) is a factor.

52.Which of the following statement is correct about assessment?

(1) Formative Assessment is used after the course completion to assign the grades.
(2) Assessment as learning generates opportunities for self-assessment and peer assessment.
(3) Summative Assessment helps to know to what extent the instructional objectives have been achieved while teaching a concept.
(4) ‘Assessment for learning’ is a process with no scope of giving feedback.

Why: In assessment as learning, students assess themselves and their peers. The other statements mix up the types of assessment.

53.On the basis of the information given in the statement, which of the suggested course of action logically follows?
Statement: Anamika does conceptual error while solving problems on mensuration.
Course of Action:
(I) Teacher gives a lot of hands-on and visual practice to Anamika.
(II) Teacher provides the scope of discussion while giving open-ended questions.
Choose the correct option.

(1) Both course of action (I) and (II)
(2) Only course of action (I)
(3) Only course of action (II)
(4) Neither course of action (I) nor course of action (II)

Why: Hands-on work builds the concept. Discussion on open questions helps her correct her ideas. Both actions help.

54.PQRS is a parallelogram in which PQ = (4x + 1) cm, QR = 26 cm, RS = 25 cm and PS = (3y − 1) cm. Then, the value of (3x + 2y) (in cm) is:

(1) 39
(2) 35
(3) 36
(4) 38

Why: Opposite sides are equal. 4x + 1 = 25 gives x = 6. 3y − 1 = 26 gives y = 9. So 3x + 2y = 18 + 18 = 36.

55.Which of the following rational numbers lie between ⁻⁷⁄₁₀ and ⁻¹⁄₄?

(1) ⁵⁄₋₈, ⁻²⁄₃, ⁻³⁄₅
(2) ⁻³⁄₅, 0, ⁻¹⁄₅
(3) ⁻²⁄₃, ⁻³⁄₅, ⁻³⁄₄
(4) ⁵⁄₋₈, ²⁄₃, ⁻³⁄₅

Why: The range is −0.7 to −0.25. −0.625, −0.667 and −0.6 all lie in it. Each other option has a number outside it (0, −0.75 or +⅔).

56.If x is the smallest number which is to be subtracted from 2605 to make it a perfect square, then the value of (4x + 7) is:

(1) 31
(2) 11
(3) 23
(4) 27

Why: 51² = 2601, so x = 2605 − 2601 = 4. Then 4x + 7 = 23.

57.Let A = 3x² − 8x + 11, B = −2x² + 12x, C = −4x² + 7 and D = x² − x − 11.
If (A + B + C) − D = px² + qx + r, then the value of (p + q + r) is:

(1) 31
(2) 27
(3) 28
(4) 30

Why: A + B + C = −3x² + 4x + 18. Subtract D: −4x² + 5x + 29. So p + q + r = −4 + 5 + 29 = 30.

58.Nitu is always confused in identifying the transformations. Her mathematics teacher helped her by giving one simple word for each transformation namely: Reflection, Rotation, Translation and Enlargement.
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of meaning of each transformation as given above?

(1) Flip, Slide, Turn and Bigger Figure
(2) Turn, Slide, Flip and Bigger Figure
(3) Flip, Turn, Slide and Bigger Figure
(4) Slide, Flip, Turn and Bigger Figure

Why: Reflection = flip, rotation = turn, translation = slide, enlargement = bigger figure.

59.For which of the following measurements, the construction of triangle ABC can be done?

(1) AB = 5 cm, BC = 6 cm, ∠ABC = 130°, ∠BAC = 25°
(2) AB = 3 cm, BC = 4 cm, AC = 7 cm
(3) AB = 8 cm, BC = 4 cm, ∠BCA = 90°, ∠ABC = 60°
(4) ∠ACB = 120°, ∠ABC = 25°, AC = BC = 4 cm

Why: In (3), cos 60° = BC/AB = 4/8, so the data fit a real right triangle. In (2), 3 + 4 is not more than 7. In (4), AC = BC needs ∠A = ∠B, which is not true. In (1), the extra angle does not match the two sides.

60.A solid cube of side 12 cm is cut into small solid cubes of side 4 cm each. What will be the relation between the total surface area of the original cube and the new total surface area of the small cubes so formed?

(1) New total surface area will be thrice the original total surface area.
(2) New total surface area will be ¹⁄₂ of the original total surface area.
(3) New total surface area will be twice the original total surface area.
(4) New total surface area will be ¹⁄₃ of the original total surface area.

Why: Original area = 6 × 144 = 864 cm². 27 small cubes × 6 × 16 = 2592 cm², which is 3 times 864.

61.Assertion (A): Achievement in STEM related courses is influenced by gender.
Reason (R): Problem solving strategies used by boys and girls are different.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are false.
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is correct explanation of (A).
(3) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not correct explanation of (A).
(4) (A) is true and (R) is false.

Why: Ability in science and maths does not depend on gender. Boys and girls do not use different strategies by nature. Both statements are stereotypes.

62.__(A)__ is a technique of vegetative propagation in which a part of the stem or a young branch of a plant is pulled and buried in moist soil, such that the branch is still attached to the Parent Plant. After some time, roots develop in the buried part and it grows into a new plant. __(B)__ is an example of plant usually grown through this technique.
(A) and (B) respectively are:

(1) Layering, Jasmine
(2) Cutting, Potato
(3) Grafting, Rose
(4) Budding, Hydra

Why: Bending a branch into the soil while it is still joined to the plant is layering. Jasmine is grown this way.

63.Which of the following statements are true?
(A) Crystallisation is a chemical change.
(B) Photosynthesis is a chemical change.
(C) Ripening of fruit is a physical change.
(D) Formation of curd from milk is a chemical change.

(1) (C) and (D)
(2) (A) and (B)
(3) (B) and (D)
(4) (B) and (C)

Why: Photosynthesis and curd formation make new substances, so they are chemical changes. Crystallisation is physical and ripening is chemical, so (A) and (C) are false.

64.Which of the following strategies would support inquiry oriented science teaching?

(1) Explaining the difference between real and apparent weight
(2) Define and explain Archimede’s principle
(3) Demonstrating the loss in weight of an object when immersed in water
(4) Engaging students in floating and sinking activities

Why: In inquiry, students explore by doing. Floating and sinking activities let them find out for themselves.

65.__(A)__ hormone regulates Carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism in our body. It is secreted by __(B)__ gland and __(C)__ in our diet impacts the functioning of this gland.
(A), (B), (C) respectively are:

(1) Growth hormone, Pitutary, Proteins
(2) Insulin, Pancreas, Sugar
(3) Adrenaline, Adrenal, Salts
(4) Thyroxine, Thyroid, Iodine

Why: Thyroxine from the thyroid gland controls metabolism. The thyroid needs iodine to make it.

66.Which of the following statements is/are true regarding relative reactivity of metals?
(A) Zinc is more reactive than Iron but less reactive than Aluminium.
(B) Sodium is more reactive than Potassium and Calcium.
(C) Aluminium is more reactive than Magnesium.

(1) Only (C)
(2) (A) and (B)
(3) Only (A)
(4) (B) and (C)

Why: Reactivity series: K > Na > Ca > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe. Only (A) fits this order.

67.Which of the following represents correct matching set in the context of aquatic plants?

Adaptation	Purpose
(a) Large circular leaves	(i) helpful in protecting against decay
(b) Waxy coating	(ii) helpful in offering resistance to water currents
(c) Stems have large tunnels and holes	(iii) helpful in providing buoyancy
(d) Ribbon like leaves	(iv) helpful in staying afloat

(1) (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(ii)
(2) (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
(3) (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iv)
(4) (a)-(ii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(iii), (d)-(i)

Why: Large flat leaves help buoyancy, wax protects from decay, air spaces in stems keep the plant afloat and ribbon-like leaves resist water currents.

68.The following activity is done in the class VII:
Students are given four iron bars out of which two are bar magnets. They are asked to identify the bar magnets. Which of the following process skills can be promoted through this activity?

(1) Observation, Estimation, Experimentation, Controlling variables.
(2) Observation, Formulating hypothesis, Measuring
(3) Observation, Classification, Inferring
(4) Observation, Classification, Communication, Measurement

Why: Students observe how the bars behave, sort them into magnets and non-magnets, and infer which are magnets.

69.Which of the following should not be the purpose of open book assessment in Science?

(1) To give opportunity to explore the book
(2) To reduce the fear of assessment in learners
(3) To gauge conceptual understanding of learners
(4) To score more marks in tests

Why: Open book tests check understanding and reduce fear. Getting more marks is not their purpose.

70.The density of medium A is more than medium B but less than medium C. In which medium does the sound travels fastest?

(1) Can’t be inferred from this information
(2) A
(3) B
(4) C

Why: [KEY] The CBSE final key credits option 4 (C, the densest medium). At school level sound is taught to travel faster in denser media. Strictly, the speed also depends on elasticity, so density alone cannot decide it (option 1).

71.Complete the following table:

Atomic number	Mass number	No. of electrons	No. of protons	No. of neutrons
9	A	B	C	10
D	24	E	12	F

A, B, C, D, E, F respectively are:

(1) 9, 9, 10, 24, 12, 12
(2) 19, 10, 9, 12, 12, 12
(3) 19, 9, 9, 12, 12, 12
(4) 9, 10, 9, 24, 12, 12

Why: Row 1: protons = electrons = 9, mass = 9 + 10 = 19. Row 2: atomic number = protons = 12, electrons = 12, neutrons = 24 − 12 = 12.

72.Assertion (A): Convex mirrors are used as rearview-mirrors in vehicles.
Reason (R1): They form erect and enlarged image.
Reason (R2): They have wider field of view.

(1) (A) is true but neither (R1) nor (R2) are correct explanation for (A).
(2) (A) is true and both (R1) and (R2) are correct explanations for (A).
(3) (A) is true and only (R1) is correct explanation for (A).
(4) (A) is true and only (R2) is correct explanation for (A).

Why: A convex mirror gives an erect but diminished image, so (R1) is wrong. Its wide field of view is the reason it is used.

73.S1 - Self pollination can take place only in bisexual flowers.
S2 - Cross pollination can take place only in Unisexual flowers.

(1) S1 is false and S2 is true
(2) Both S1 and S2 are true
(3) Both S1 and S2 are false
(4) S1 is true and S2 is false

Why: As per the key, self-pollination needs both sex organs in a flower, so S1 is taken as true. Cross pollination happens in bisexual flowers too, so S2 is false.

74.Which of the following statements is true?

(1) Soil with low water holding capacity has good aeration and high percolation rate.
(2) Soil with low water holding capacity has poor aeration and high percolation rate.
(3) Soil with low water holding capacity has good aeration and low percolation rate.
(4) Soil with low water holding capacity has poor aeration and low percolation rate.

Why: Sandy soil has large particles with big air spaces. Water drains fast, so it has good aeration and high percolation.

75.Which of the following statements are not true regarding compounds?
(A) Compounds show the properties of constituent substances.
(B) Only elements can react to form compounds.
(C) The composition of each compound is always fixed.
(D) Compounds can be separated by physical and chemical methods.

(1) (A), (C), (D)
(2) (A), (B), (C)
(3) (B), (C), (D)
(4) (A), (B), (D)

Why: A compound has new properties, compounds can also react to form compounds, and it cannot be separated by physical methods. Only (C) is true.

76.Which of the following statements are true in the context of respiration in whales and dolphins?
(A) They cannot use dissolved Oxygen.
(B) They have gills.
(C) They have large nostrils.
(D) They often come up to the water surface to breathe.

(1) (A), (B), (D)
(2) (A), (B), (C)
(3) (A), (C), (D)
(4) (B), (C), (D)

Why: Whales and dolphins breathe air with lungs through nostrils (blowholes). They have no gills and come up to breathe.

77.Which of the following have the most scope for promoting Art integrated learning in Science?

(1) Journal writing, Field trips
(2) Portfolios, Anecdotal records
(3) Projects, Portfolios
(4) Anecdotal records, Journal writing

Why: Projects and portfolios allow models, drawings, charts and other creative work along with science.

78.Assertion (A): Nichrome is used as a heating element in devices like electric toaster and electric geyser.
Reason (R): Nichrome has high melting point and low resistivity.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are false
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is correct explanation for (A)
(3) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not correct explanation for (A)
(4) (A) is true and (R) is false

Why: Nichrome is used as a heating element. It has high resistivity, not low, so (R) is false.

79.Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the function of bile juice in human digestive system?
(A) It makes the partly digested food coming from stomach alkaline.
(B) It helps in digestion of fats.

(1) Both (A) and (B) are false
(2) (A) is true and (B) is false
(3) (A) is false and (B) is true
(4) Both (A) and (B) are true

Why: Bile makes the acidic food from the stomach alkaline. It also breaks fats into small droplets for digestion.

80.On the basis of the following information identify the substances which give flame on burning:

Substance	State	Vapourises on burning
A	Solid	No
B	Liquid	Yes
C	Solid	Yes
D	Liquid	No

(1) C and D
(2) A and D
(3) A and B
(4) B and C

Why: Only substances that vaporise on burning give a flame. B and C vaporise.

81.Assertion (A): Arteries have thick and elastic walls as compared to veins.
Reason (R): The pressure of blood flow in arteries is low as compared to veins.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are false
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is correct explanation for (A)
(3) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not correct explanation for (A)
(4) (A) is true and (R) is false

Why: Arteries carry blood at high pressure, so they have thick, elastic walls. (R) is false.

82.The buoyant force on an object immersed in liquid acts in:

(1) Parallel to liquid surface
(2) Upward direction
(3) Downward direction
(4) All direction

Why: Buoyant force (upthrust) always acts upward.

83.Which of the following questions is a divergent question?

(1) What would happen to gravity if the size of earth is reduced to half?
(2) Why does a ball thrown up comes down?
(3) What if there was no gravity on the earth?
(4) How does gravity vary with the altitude?

Why: A divergent question has many possible answers. ‘What if there was no gravity?’ invites open, imaginative thinking.

84.When a ray of light enters from medium A to medium B, its speed decreases and on further entering into medium C, its speed increases.
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this?

(1) Refractive index of A, B, C cannot be compared from above information
(2) Refractive index of A is more than B and C
(3) Refractive index of A is less than B but equal to C
(4) Refractive index of A and C are less than B

Why: Light slows down in a medium of higher refractive index. It is slowest in B, so B has a higher refractive index than both A and C.

85.Which of the following statements is correct?
S1: The normal temperature of the human body is 37°C.
S2: Heat flows from a body at a higher temperature to a body at lower temperature.

(1) S1 is inference and S2 is observation
(2) Both S1 and S2 are observation
(3) Both S1 and S2 are inferences
(4) S1 is observation and S2 is inference

Why: Both are general conclusions drawn from many observations. So both are inferences.

86.(A) Sunita takes 0.5 g of Sodium Carbonate in a test-tube and adds 5 ml of Dilute Hydrochloric acid.
(B) She passes the gas produced in the above reaction through Lime water.
Which of the following represents the chemical reactions taking place in (A) and (B)?

(1) (A) NaHCO₃ + HCl → NaCl + H₂O + CO₂
(B) CaCO₃ + H₂O + CO₂ → Ca(HCO₃)₂
(2) (A) Na₂CO₃ + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H₂O + CO₂
(B) CaCO₃ + H₂O + CO₂ → Ca(HCO₃)₂
(3) (A) Na₂CO₃ + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H₂O + CO₂
(B) Ca(OH)₂ + CO₂ → CaCO₃ + H₂O
(4) (A) NaHCO₃ + HCl → NaCl + H₂O + CO₂
(B) Ca(OH)₂ + CO₂ → CaCO₃ + H₂O

Why: Sodium carbonate is Na₂CO₃. The CO₂ formed turns lime water, Ca(OH)₂, milky by forming CaCO₃.

87.Which of the following statements is/are true regarding nature of science?
(A) Scientific ideas are not affected by cultural context.
(B) There is no single scientific method.

(1) Both (A) and (B) are false
(2) Both (A) and (B) are true
(3) (A) is true and (B) is false
(4) (A) is false and (B) is true

Why: Science is done by people in a society, so culture affects it. Scientists use many methods, not one fixed method.

88.While ice melts at 0°C, its temperature:

(1) first decreases and then remains same
(2) increases
(3) decreases
(4) remains same

Why: During melting, heat is used as latent heat to change state. The temperature stays at 0°C.

89.Children of all age groups have various ideas which may be different from science concepts. Which of the following statements are true regarding these ideas?
(A) These ideas are usually stable
(B) They are formed due to observable phenomenon
(C) They tend to follow similar developmental pattern
(D) They are easy to modify
(E) They are often domain specific

(1) (A), (B), (C), (E)
(2) (A), (B), (C)
(3) (B), (C), (D)
(4) (A), (B), (C), (D)

Why: Alternative conceptions are stable, come from everyday observation, follow common patterns and are topic specific. They are hard to change.

90.Read the following statements in the context of Laws and theories in Science:
S1: Laws are generalisation statement whereas theories are explanations.
S2: Laws are very old and theories are contemporary.
S3: Laws can’t be changed whereas theories are subject to change.

(1) S3 is true whereas S1 and S2 are false
(2) S1 is true; S2 and S3 are false
(3) S1 and S2 are true whereas S3 is false
(4) S1 and S3 are true whereas S2 is false

Why: A law describes a pattern; a theory explains it. Both can be old or new, and both can change with new evidence.

Source text not reproduced. This question and the ones that follow it are based on an extract that is still in copyright, so it is not reprinted here. Read it in the official question paper, then use the questions below.

91.“संस्कृति पर तरह-तरह के प्रभाव पड़ते हैं” यह बात कैसे समझी जा सकती है?

(1) शिक्षा को पृथक रूप से देखा जाए।
(2) जब शिक्षा को धर्म से जोड़कर देखा जाए।
(3) जब शिक्षा को संस्कृति से अलग करके देखा जाए।
(4) जब शिक्षा को संस्कृति से जोड़कर देखा जाए।

Why: गद्यांश कहता है कि शिक्षा को सांस्कृतिक कर्म के रूप में देखने से यह बात स्पष्ट हो जाती है।

92.इनमें से कौन-सा शब्द समूहों से भिन्न है?

(1) आदान-प्रदान
(2) मौखिक परंपरा
(3) प्रचलित रीति
(4) सांस्कृतिक कर्म

Why: मौखिक परंपरा, प्रचलित रीति और सांस्कृतिक कर्म विशेषण + संज्ञा हैं। आदान-प्रदान विलोम शब्दों का द्वंद्व युग्म है।

93.गद्यांश के अनुसार कौन-सा वाक्य सही है?

(1) संस्कृति हमेशा प्रगतिशील है।
(2) संस्कृति की मुख्य विशेषता उसका एकाकीपन है।
(3) संस्कृति में किसी भी प्रकार का आदान-प्रदान नहीं होता है।
(4) संस्कृति में गतिशीलता का अभाव है।

Why: गद्यांश के अंत में लिखा है कि संस्कृति हमेशा प्रगतिशील और ग्रहणशील है।

94.किस शब्द में “इक” प्रत्यय का प्रयोग हुआ है?

(1) संबंधित
(2) सामाजिक
(3) सृजनात्मक
(4) प्रचलित

Why: समाज + इक = सामाजिक। संबंधित और प्रचलित में ‘इत’ तथा सृजनात्मक में ‘आत्मक’ प्रत्यय है।

95.“कोई भी संस्कृति किसी देशकाल के सापेक्ष होती है।” इस वाक्य से आशय है:

(1) संस्कृति किसी भी तरह से प्रभावित नहीं होती है।
(2) संस्कृति और देश में घनिष्ठ संबंध है।
(3) संस्कृति समय एवं स्थान के अनुसार स्वयं में परिवर्तन लाती है।
(4) संस्कृति देश और काल में अंतर करती है।

Why: देशकाल = स्थान और समय। सापेक्ष होने का अर्थ है उनके अनुसार बदलना।

96.प्रचलित परंपराओं के औचित्य के बारे में सोचने की प्रेरणा कौन देता है?

(1) धर्म
(2) शिक्षा
(3) पुस्तकें
(4) पर्यावरण

Why: गद्यांश के अनुसार शिक्षा परंपराओं को जारी रखने से पहले उनके औचित्य पर सोचने की प्रेरणा देती है।

97.निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा शब्द कारक चिह्न नहीं है?

(1) के लिए
(2) की
(3) तथा
(4) से

Why: ‘के लिए’, ‘की’ और ‘से’ कारक चिह्न (परसर्ग) हैं। ‘तथा’ समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय है।

98.शिक्षा संस्कृति की निर्मात्री है, क्योंकि:

(1) वह परंपराओं को ज्यों का त्यों स्वीकारती है।
(2) वह मौजूदा संस्कृति में कुछ नवीनता लाती है।
(3) वह परंपराओं को रूढ़ रूप देती है।
(4) वह रीति-रिवाज की परिचायक है।

Why: गद्यांश के अनुसार शिक्षा प्रचलित संस्कृति में कुछ नया जोड़ती है और कुछ पुराना घटाती है।

99.शिक्षा को किस प्रकार के कार्य के रूप में देखा गया है?

(1) भौतिक
(2) आर्थिक
(3) राजनैतिक
(4) सांस्कृतिक

Why: गद्यांश की पहली पंक्ति: शिक्षा एक सृजनात्मक सामाजिक एवं सांस्कृतिक कार्य है।

Source text not reproduced. This question and the ones that follow it are based on an extract that is still in copyright, so it is not reprinted here. Read it in the official question paper, then use the questions below.

100.पद्यांश में “सिंहनाद” शब्द से आशय है -

(1) समवेत स्वर
(2) सिंह की गर्जना
(3) ललकार
(4) युद्ध ध्वनि

Why: यहाँ सिंहनाद का अर्थ वीरों की ललकार है, जिससे धरती अब तक काँप रही है।

101.“कलम, आज उनकी जय बोल” पंक्ति से क्या अभिप्राय है?

(1) लिखने की अपेक्षा बोलकर गुणगान किया जाए।
(2) जय-जयकार के नारे लगाए जाएँ।
(3) देश के लिए समर्पित लोगों के लिए लिखा जाए।
(4) सभी के लिए प्रशंसा के शब्द लिखे जाएँ।

Why: कवि अपनी कलम से कहता है कि देश के लिए बलिदान देने वालों का गुणगान लिखे।

102.भिन्न शब्द समूह की पहचान करें।

(1) पुण्य वेदी
(2) लघु दीप
(3) लाल शिखाएँ
(4) जला अस्थियाँ

Why: पुण्य वेदी, लघु दीप, लाल शिखाएँ विशेषण + संज्ञा हैं। ‘जला अस्थियाँ’ में क्रिया + संज्ञा है।

103.इस पद्यांश में कौन-सी भावना अभिव्यक्त हुई है?

(1) पाखंड विरोध
(2) देशप्रेम
(3) समाज सुधार
(4) प्रकृति प्रेम

Why: पद्यांश में देश के लिए प्राण देने वाले शहीदों का गुणगान है। अतः देशप्रेम की भावना है।

104.“छिटकाई जिनने चिनगारी,” पंक्ति में रेखांकित शब्द किसके लिए प्रयुक्त हुआ है?

(1) स्वतंत्रता सेनानी
(2) राजनीतिज्ञ
(3) अध्यापक
(4) सामाजिक कार्यकर्ता

Why: ‘जिनने’ उन वीरों के लिए है जिन्होंने अपनी अस्थियाँ जलाकर आज़ादी की चिनगारी फैलाई - अर्थात् स्वतंत्रता सेनानी।

105.“निस्वार्थ भाव से अपने प्राणों का बलिदान कर दिया”
यह भाव किस पंक्ति में मुखरित हुआ है?

(1) कलम, आज उनकी जय बोल।
(2) किसी दिन माँगा नहीं स्नेह मुँह खोल।
(3) सहमी धरती रही अभी तक डोल।
(4) जो चढ़ गए पुण्य वेदी पर लिए बिना गरदन का मोल।

Why: बिना मोल लिए पुण्य वेदी पर चढ़ जाना, अर्थात् बदले में कुछ चाहे बिना प्राण दे देना।

106.“सामग्री की प्रामाणिकता” किससे संबंधित है?

(1) वह सामग्री जो बच्चे घर से लेकर आते हैं
(2) अध्यापक द्वारा अपनी कक्षा के लिए लिखी गई सामग्री
(3) सत्तासीन लोगों द्वारा विकसित या लिखित सामग्री
(4) जीवन के वास्तविक संदर्भों में विकसित या लिखित सामग्री

Why: प्रामाणिक सामग्री वास्तविक जीवन की सामग्री है, जैसे अख़बार, पोस्टर, मेन्यू। यह केवल पढ़ाने के लिए नहीं बनाई जाती।

107.अपर्णा, कक्षा पाँच की शिक्षार्थी यह समझती है कि किसी आडियो या बातचीत का अर्थ समझने के लिए श्रवण में प्रत्येक ध्वनि, शब्दों फिर वाक्यों को सुनना शामिल है। वह श्रवण अधिगम के किस उपागम/युक्ति में विश्वास रखती है?

(1) यह न तो टॉप डाउन है और न ही बॉटम-अप उपागम है
(2) शीर्ष अधोमुखी उपागम (टॉप डाउन)
(3) अधो शीर्षमुखी उपागम (बॉटम-अप)
(4) टॉप डाउन और बॉटम-अप दोनों उपागम

Why: ध्वनि से शब्द और शब्द से वाक्य की ओर बढ़कर अर्थ बनाना अधो शीर्षमुखी (बॉटम-अप) उपागम है।

108.भाषा अधिगम में “सर्वांगी (सिस्टमिक) दक्षता” क्या है?

(1) इस बात की समझ कि सभी मनुष्यों के पास बहुत सी भाषाओं की व्यवस्थाएँ हैं।
(2) इस बात को समझना और प्रयोग में लाना कि भाषा एक व्यवस्था के रूप में कार्य करती है।
(3) इस बात को समझना और प्रयोग में लाना कि भाषाओं की एक व्याकरणिक व्यवस्था है।
(4) इस बात को समझना कि सभी भाषाओं की एक सामान्य संरचनात्मक व्यवस्था है।

Why: भाषा को एक पूरी व्यवस्था के रूप में समझना और प्रयोग करना सर्वांगी दक्षता है।

109.यहाँ एक पाठ्य सामग्री या कुछ कथन हैं। पता लगाइए कि यह पाठ्य सामग्री किस भाषा प्रयुक्ति (रजिस्टर) का प्रतिनिधित्व कर रही है?
“भारत का संविधान प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को समान रूप से देखता है। इसका तात्पर्य यह हुआ कि देश में प्रत्येक व्यक्ति, महिला और पुरुष, सभी धर्मों, जातियों, आदिवासी, शैक्षिक और आर्थिक पृष्ठभूमि के, सभी को समान रूप से देखना। इसका तात्पर्य यह नहीं है कि असमानता समाप्त हो चुकी है। असमानता नहीं होनी चाहिए। कम से कम लोकतांत्रिक भारत में सभी व्यक्तियों की समानता का सिद्धान्त मायने रखता है।”

(1) वैज्ञानिक प्रयुक्ति
(2) राजनीतिक प्रयुक्ति
(3) सामाजिक विज्ञान प्रयुक्ति
(4) कानूनी प्रयुक्ति

Why: यह अंश नागरिकशास्त्र की पाठ्यपुस्तक की शैली में समानता को समझाता है। अतः यह सामाजिक विज्ञान प्रयुक्ति है।

110.कक्षा छह की अध्यापक आज पढ़ी जाने वाली भाषा सामग्री को शिक्षार्थियों के पूर्व ज्ञान और अनुभव से जोड़ने के लिए “वार्म अप” गतिविधि करवाती है। पाठ्य सामग्री पढ़ाना शुरू करने से पहले शिक्षार्थियों को पाठ्य सामग्री (कहानी) के चित्र देखने के लिए कहती है। वह अपने शिक्षार्थियों से क्या करवाना चाहती है?

(1) चित्रों को समझने की क्षमता विकसित करना
(2) चित्रों के माध्यम से कहानी की मन में कल्पना कर पाना
(3) चित्रों की सराहना करना
(4) पाठ्य सामग्री के बारे में अनुमान लगाना

Why: पढ़ने से पहले चित्र देखकर बच्चे अनुमान लगाते हैं कि कहानी किस बारे में होगी।

111.शिक्षार्थियों द्वारा हुए अधिगम के उदाहरणों का सतत रूप रखा गया रिकार्ड क्या कहलाएगा?

(1) निदानात्मक परीक्षण
(2) पोर्टफोलियो
(3) सतत सारगर्भित आकलन
(4) निपुणता आकलन

Why: पोर्टफोलियो में बच्चे के कार्यों के नमूने लगातार रखे जाते हैं। इससे उसकी प्रगति दिखती है।

112.निम्नलिखित में से किन्हें ग्रहणशील (रिसेप्टिव) कौशलों के रूप में जाना जाएगा?

(1) श्रवण और पठन
(2) श्रवण और लेखन
(3) पठन और बोलना
(4) बोलना और लेखन

Why: सुनने और पढ़ने में हम भाषा ग्रहण करते हैं। बोलना और लिखना उत्पादक कौशल हैं।

113.बहुत से भारतीय जो नौकरी के लिए विदेश जाते हैं, वे उस स्थान की भाषा सीखते हैं। इस प्रेरणा को क्या कहा जाएगा?

(1) यह न तो यांत्रिक है और न ही समाकलनात्मक है
(2) समाकलनात्मक और यान्त्रिक दोनों प्रकार की प्रेरणा
(3) समाकलनात्मक प्रेरणा
(4) यांत्रिक प्रेरणा

Why: नौकरी जैसे व्यावहारिक लाभ के लिए भाषा सीखना यांत्रिक (इंस्ट्रुमेंटल) प्रेरणा है।

114.निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सी शास्त्रीय भाषा नहीं है?

(1) हिंदी
(2) तमिल
(3) संस्कृत
(4) तेलुगू

Why: तमिल, संस्कृत और तेलुगू को शास्त्रीय भाषा का दर्जा मिला है। हिंदी को नहीं।

115.निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा विदेशी भाषाओं के अध्ययन के संबंध में राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति 2020 के परिप्रेक्ष्य में सही नहीं है?

(1) फ्रैंच को एक अतिरिक्त विकल्प के रूप में अनुशंसित किया गया है।
(2) माध्यमिक चरण के दौरान एक अतिरिक्त विकल्प के रूप में विदेशी भाषाओं का अध्ययन।
(3) त्रिभाषा सूत्र के अन्तर्गत भाषाओं में से एक के रूप में विदेशी भाषाओं का अध्ययन।
(4) विदेशी भाषा को त्रिभाषा सूत्र के अन्तर्गत अध्ययन की जा रही तीन भाषाओं में शामिल नहीं किया गया है।

Why: NEP 2020 में विदेशी भाषाएँ माध्यमिक स्तर पर अतिरिक्त विकल्प हैं। वे त्रिभाषा सूत्र का भाग नहीं हैं।

116.निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा “भाषा के बारे में जानना” से संबंधित है?

(1) युक्तिपरक दक्षता
(2) घोषणात्मक ज्ञान
(3) प्रक्रियात्मक ज्ञान
(4) व्याकरणपरक ज्ञान

Why: भाषा के नियमों और तथ्यों को जानना घोषणात्मक ज्ञान है। उसे प्रयोग करना जानना प्रक्रियात्मक ज्ञान है।

117.कक्षा छह की अध्यापिका बोलने से संबंधित किसी गतिविधि के लिए निम्नलिखित कार्य तैयार करती है -
“रेगिस्तान और उसकी जलवायु स्थिति के बारे में कोई पाँच वाक्य बोलिए।”
क्या यह एक अच्छा या अच्छा कार्य नहीं है? अपने उत्तर और उत्तर के कारण का चयन करें।

(1) यह एक अच्छा कार्य नहीं है क्योंकि इसमें संदर्भ की कमी है क्योंकि उन्हें रेगिस्तान और उसकी स्थितियों के बारे में कुछ नहीं बताया गया है।
(2) यह एक अच्छा कार्य है क्योंकि शिक्षार्थियों ने भूगोल की किताब में रेगिस्तान के बारे में पढ़ा होगा, इसलिए उनके पास बोलने के लिए सामग्री है।
(3) यह एक अच्छा कार्य है, क्योंकि यह शिक्षार्थी को कुछ बोलने के लिए तैयार करता है, यह रेगिस्तान है।
(4) यह अच्छा कार्य नहीं है क्योंकि कुछ शिक्षार्थी रेगिस्तान के बारे में नहीं जानते होंगे।

Why: बोलने के कार्य के लिए संदर्भ और सामग्री (इनपुट) ज़रूरी है। इसके बिना बच्चों के पास बोलने को कुछ नहीं होता।

118.निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा कथन भाषा की बोली के बारे में सही है?

(1) कभी-कभी विभिन्न सामाजिक समूहों के लोग एक भाषा की विभिन्न बोलियाँ बोलते हैं।
(2) भाषा की बोलियाँ एक क्षेत्र से दूसरे क्षेत्र में भिन्न-भिन्न होती हैं।
(3) एक भाषा की विभिन्न बोलियाँ बोलने वाले दूसरी बोली बोलने वाले की बात समझ पाते है।
(4) बोली एक बड़ी श्रेणी है और भाषा तुलनात्मक रूप से छोटी श्रेणी में आती है।

Why: [KEY] CBSE ने इस प्रश्न के सभी विकल्पों पर अंक दिए (कुंजी: Z = सभी)। कथन 1, 2 और 3 तीनों बोली के बारे में सही हैं। केवल कथन 4 गलत है, क्योंकि भाषा बड़ी श्रेणी है।

119.निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा कार्य समेकित अधिगम कौशलों को समुन्नत करता है?

(1) कोई एक आलेख (आर्टिकल) लिखना
(2) रोल प्ले
(3) प्रदत्त कार्य
(4) परियोजना कार्य

Why: परियोजना कार्य में पढ़ना, लिखना, सुनना और बोलना सभी कौशल साथ-साथ प्रयोग होते हैं।

120.निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सी युक्ति “संदर्भ में व्याकरण शिक्षण” से संबंधित है?
संदर्भ में भाषा की सामग्री प्रस्तुत करना, शिक्षार्थियों का ध्यान भाषा की सामग्री की ओर दिलाना, जीवन की वास्तविक परिस्थितियों में भाषा प्रयोग के योग्य बनाना और शिक्षार्थियों का ध्यान खोज-बीन के द्वारा उसके नियमों की ओर दिलाना।

(1) सचेतनता जागृत करना
(2) स्कीमा का सृजन
(3) निगमनात्मक विधि
(4) खोज-बीन विधि

Why: संदर्भ में व्याकरण पर बच्चों का ध्यान दिलाकर उसके नियम खोजने देना सचेतनता जागृत करना (कॉन्शियसनेस रेज़िंग) है।

Source text not reproduced. This question and the ones that follow it are based on an extract that is still in copyright, so it is not reprinted here. Read it in the official question paper, then use the questions below.

121.Read the following statements:
(A) Netarhat is located at a height of 3696 feet.
(B) It is referred to as the ‘Queen of Chota Nagpur’.
(C) Netarhat is blessed with verdant banyan forests.

(1) (A), (B) and (C) are all correct
(2) (A) and (C) are correct, (B) is incorrect
(3) (B) and (C) are correct, (A) is incorrect
(4) (A) and (B) are correct, (C) is incorrect

Why: The passage gives the height 3696 feet and the name ‘Queen of Chota Nagpur’. It speaks of pine forests, not banyan forests.

122.The underlined word in the phrase ‘this quaint hill station brings solace ....’ implies:

(1) it brings peace and comfort
(2) it makes you breathless
(3) it makes you visit the place year after year
(4) it evokes curiosity

Why: Solace means comfort and peace of mind.

123.As mentioned in para 1, the quaint hill station, Netarhat gives peace and calm to visitors because:

(1) they can go paragliding from hill tops
(2) they can be away from hectic city life
(3) they can go fishing in the lake waters
(4) they can enjoy train rides

Why: Para 1 says Netarhat gives refuge from the hustle and bustle of cities.

124.Complete the given word analogy:
gorgeous : beautiful :: tranquil : ?

(1) blue-green
(2) misty
(3) peaceful
(4) choppy

Why: Gorgeous and beautiful are synonyms. Tranquil means peaceful.

125.The Sunrise Point offers visitors a breathtaking view of:

(1) the sunrise
(2) an oil painting
(3) lush vegetation
(4) Both (1) and (3)

Why: Sunrise Point gives a spectacular view of the sunrise. The oil painting is only a comparison.

126.Identify the parts of speech of the underlined words in the given sentence:
‘Fabulous sunrises and stunning sunsets leave the visitors awestruck.’

(1) verb, adjective
(2) noun, adjective
(3) verb, adverb
(4) noun, adverb

Why: ‘Sunrises’ names things, so it is a noun. ‘Awestruck’ describes the visitors, so it is an adjective.

127.Which one of the following scenic views is not found in Netarhat?

(1) scintillating views of sunrises
(2) refugee camps
(3) beautiful sunrises and sunsets
(4) clusters of tall pine trees

Why: The passage says Netarhat gives ‘refuge’ from city life. It does not mention refugee camps.

128.The phrase ‘hustle and bustle of cities’ implies:

(1) busy and noisy cities
(2) beauty and eye catching views of cities
(3) stunning sights and scenes of cities
(4) peace and calm of cities

Why: ‘Hustle and bustle’ means busy, noisy activity.

Source text not reproduced. This question and the ones that follow it are based on an extract that is still in copyright, so it is not reprinted here. Read it in the official question paper, then use the questions below.

129.Identify the parts of speech of the underlined words in the given sentence:
‘He was wild and a little dangerous, subject to moods and impulses’.

(1) adjective, noun
(2) adverb, adjective
(3) adjective, adjective
(4) adverb, noun

Why: Both ‘wild’ and ‘dangerous’ describe Anil (he). So both are adjectives.

130.Who among the three friends proposed the idea of meeting at the pool ten years hence?

(1) Somi and Rusty
(2) Anil
(3) Somi
(4) Rusty

Why: The passage begins: ‘It was Somi’s idea that we meet at the pool in ten years time.’

131.Which one of the following options does not describe the pool in the stream?

(1) water trickling among fern and grasses
(2) rough rocks on the bed
(3) trickling waterfall down the rocks
(4) apple-green colour of the water

Why: The passage says the rocks beside the stream were smooth, not rough.

132.Which word can be the nearest synonym for the word ‘instinct’?

(1) hatred
(2) affinity
(3) premonition
(4) inclination

Why: Instinct here means a natural tendency or inclination.

133.What brought the three boys together?

(1) their spirit of adventure
(2) their swimming talents
(3) their earnest attitudes
(4) their childhood mischiefs

Why: The passage says Somi, like Anil, had a sense of fun and an instinct for adventure.

134.‘. . . . . a pledge made in deadly earnest’ implies:

(1) a promise not to be kept
(2) being suspicious about someone’s intention
(3) to wish for the death of someone
(4) a promise in complete seriousness

Why: ‘In deadly earnest’ means with complete seriousness.

135.Complete the word analogy given below:
crowded : deserted :: vigour : ?

(1) lethargy
(2) heaviness
(3) strength
(4) weakness

Why: Crowded and deserted are opposites. The opposite of vigour (energy) is lethargy.

136.Ashwin knows Odia from his birth and he studies English and Hindi. Based on this statement, find which of the following statement is NOT true?

(1) His English learning is language acquisition.
(2) His Odia learning is language acquisition.
(3) His Hindi learning is language learning.
(4) His English learning is language learning.

Why: Odia is picked up naturally from birth (acquisition). English and Hindi are studied, so they are language learning. Statement (1) is wrong.

137.Instrumental motivation is when:

(1) a person learns the language for writing a book.
(2) a person learns the language for utilitarian reason like employment.
(3) a person learns the language for being closer to the native speakers of the language.
(4) a person learns the language for their communities religious and social functions.

Why: Instrumental motivation is learning for a practical benefit like a job. Wanting to join the native speakers’ community is integrative motivation.

138.Kripa and Karan are twins and speak a particular dialect of Manipuri. However they differ in their speech. What is their individual special way of speaking the dialect known as?

(1) Manipuri
(2) Idiolect
(3) Dialect
(4) Speech act

Why: Each person’s own way of speaking is called an idiolect.

139.What is the status given to the English language in the Indian Constitution?

(1) Language of statutory bodies
(2) Official language
(3) Associate Official language
(4) Foreign language

Why: Hindi is the official language of the Union. English continues as the associate (additional) official language.

140.A test which aims to identify an individual student’s specific areas of weakness and strength is known as:

(1) Formative test
(2) Objective test
(3) Validity test
(4) Diagnostic test

Why: A diagnostic test finds the exact strong and weak areas of a learner.

141.Aditi knows the rules of past perfect tense. But can’t use in a context. What knowledge does she possess?

(1) Application of knowledge
(2) Language acquisition device
(3) Procedural knowledge
(4) Declarative knowledge

Why: She knows the rules but cannot use them. Knowing about rules is declarative knowledge.

142.Which of the following is NOT true of language?

(1) Some languages can only convey science and engineering better
(2) Language expresses identity
(3) Language is a repository of history
(4) Language contributes to the sum of human knowledge

Why: Every language can express any subject, including science. No language is better for science by nature.

143.What are the stages involved in designing and doing a Project Work in language classroom?

(1) Teacher and learners can design and do the project work any way they want to.
(2) Forming groups, planning, collection of data, interpretation of data, writing the draft, identifying the topic, and finalization of the report.
(3) Forming groups, identifying the topic, planning, collection of data, interpretation of data, writing the draft and finalization of the report.
(4) Forming groups, identifying the topic, planning, collection of data, writing the draft, interpretation of data, and finalization of the report.

Why: The topic is chosen before planning, and data is interpreted before the draft is written. Only option (3) has this order.

144.Top-down approach to listening involves:

(1) Listening to each sound, words, phrases, clauses and sentences.
(2) Paying attention to the specific details.
(3) Listening to the gist of the speech, text or the audio.
(4) Listening to overall message of the text, speech or the audio.

Why: In top-down listening, the listener uses background knowledge to grasp the overall message. Sound-by-sound listening is bottom-up.

145.A teacher of Class VII wanted to give a writing task of writing a description of a person. She went out of the classroom and brought a Hawker to her classroom with his basket. She requested him to be there for about seven minutes and then asked her learners to work in pair and write a description of the person.
What do you think the hawker in this activity known as?

(1) Materials
(2) Teaching Assistant
(3) A Hawker
(4) A participant in the activity

Why: The hawker is used as real-life input for the writing task. So he serves as teaching material.

146.A teacher of class VII wants her learners to read the short text with an understanding of power and identity of the people and community presented in the text. What does the teacher aim to promote among learners?

(1) Literary skills
(2) Language literacy
(3) Critical literacy
(4) Analytical reading

Why: Reading a text to see how power and identity are shown is critical literacy.

147.Which of the following is TRUE of the study of classical language as advocated by National Education Policy (NEP) 2020?

(1) Study of classical language as a core language at the secondary stage.
(2) Study of classical language as an additional option during secondary stage.
(3) Study of classical language as an option under three language formula.
(4) Study of classical language during the preparatory stage.

Why: As per the key, NEP 2020 offers classical languages as an option for students to study at the secondary stage, beyond the core languages.

148.Here is a text. Read and find out which language register does the text belong to?
Suddenly, after the revolution, it seemed possible to change this. In many parts of the world including Europe and Asia, new ideas about individual rights and who controlled social power began to be discussed. In India, Raja Rammohan Roy and Derozio talked of the significance of the French Revolution. The developments in the colonies, in turn, reshaped these ideas of societal change.

(1) Revolution register
(2) Science register
(3) Political register
(4) Social Science register

Why: The text is from a history textbook. Its style and words belong to the social science register.

149.Subash, a teacher of class VIII regrets, “Language assessment generally does not give importance to receptive skills.” What does he mean by ‘receptive skills’?

(1) Speaking and writing
(2) Listening and writing
(3) Speaking and reading
(4) Listening and reading

Why: Listening and reading are receptive skills, because we receive language through them.

150.Learner understands and applies that language works as a system.

(1) Strategic competence
(2) Communicative competence
(3) Systemic competence
(4) Sociolinguistic competence

Why: Understanding and using language as a system is systemic competence.

CTET December 2024 — Paper II (Maths and Science)

Choose your language papers

Central Teacher Eligibility Test — December 2024
Paper II (Maths and Science)

Part I — Child Development and Pedagogy

Part II — Mathematics and Science

Part IV — Language I — Hindi

Part V — Language II — English

Answer Key

CTET December 2024 — Paper II (Maths and Science)

Choose your language papers

Central Teacher Eligibility Test — December 2024Paper II (Maths and Science)

Part I — Child Development and Pedagogy

Part II — Mathematics and Science

Part IV — Language I — Hindi

Part V — Language II — English

Answer Key

Central Teacher Eligibility Test — December 2024
Paper II (Maths and Science)