MAK LABS — CTET 14 December 2024 Paper II (Maths and Science) Question Paper with Answer Key

1.Which of these statements would advocates of progressive education agree with?

(1) Children are a distinct life-stage that hold importance because of ‘what they would become as adults’ rather than ‘what they are as children’.
(2) Children are naturally ‘good’ and society corrupts them.
(3) Children are naturally ‘uncivilized’ and socialization is necessary to make them moral human beings.
(4) Children are born in a social, cultural, economic context and this background influences their development.

Why: Progressive educators like Dewey see the child as shaped by his social, cultural and economic setting. Education must start from that context.

2.Changes in emotion, self-perception and interpersonal relationships with families, peers and friends are studied under __________ domain of development.

(1) Psycho-social
(2) Physical
(3) Cognitive
(4) Linguistic

Why: Emotions, self-concept and relationships with others belong to the psycho-social (socio-emotional) domain.

3.The behaviours, interests, attitudes, skills and personality traits that a culture considers appropriate for specific gender are referred to as __________ and are __________.

(1) Gender identity; genetically determined
(2) Gender roles; culturally defined
(3) Gender roles; genetically determined
(4) Gender identity; culturally defined

Why: Behaviour that a culture expects from males or females is called gender roles. These are defined by culture, not by genes.

4.Assertion (A): In an inclusive classroom, all curriculum adaptations should be directed to lower the educational standards for ‘Special children’.
Reason (R): ‘Special children’ do not have any potential for learning in mainstream classroom.
Choose the correct option.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are false.
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(3) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(4) (A) is true but (R) is false.

Why: Adaptations give access to learning; they do not lower standards. Every child can learn in a regular class. So both statements are false.

5.As per Jean Piaget’s theory of Cognitive Development:

(1) Previous knowledge doesn’t play any role in the process of learning.
(2) Biological factors such as maturation don’t play any role in cognitive development.
(3) Learning experiences depend on children’s current level of cognitive functioning.
(4) Memorization should be prioritized over learning through experience.

Why: For Piaget, what a child can learn depends on his present stage of thinking. Prior knowledge and maturation both matter.

6.Lev Vygotsky views cognitive development as:

(1) effective adoption to the environment process
(2) a collaborative process
(3) an individual activity
(4) a unified process

Why: Vygotsky saw learning as social. Children develop through interaction with adults and peers.

7.While proposing the relationship between language and thinking process, Lev Vygotsky conceptualized language as a/an:

(1) Independent domain which is not related to cognition.
(2) cultural tool which facilitates cognition in multiple ways.
(3) form of egocentric speech used to only fulfill basic needs.
(4) hinderance to the development of cognitive abilities.

Why: For Vygotsky, language is the most important cultural tool. It shapes and supports thinking.

8.Which of the following is an example of a performance goal orientation?

(1) A student studies hard to further her own growth.
(2) A student studies hard to achieve a deep understanding of a topic.
(3) A student studies hard to get a good grade and be better than others.
(4) A student studies hard to learn as much as possible from the teacher.

Why: A performance goal is about showing ability and doing better than others. The other options are mastery (learning) goals.

9.Following Lev Vygotsky’s ideas, a teacher should:

(1) practice reciprocal teaching with her students.
(2) discourage the use of cultural tools by students.
(3) disseminate the knowledge to be memorized by the students.
(4) encourage students to compete with each other.

Why: Reciprocal teaching is based on dialogue and scaffolding. Teacher and students take turns to lead.

10.Which of the following are effective strategies to teach new concepts?
(i) Presenting examples
(ii) Presenting non-examples
(iii) Promoting thinking about relationships amongst concepts.
(iv) Giving a definition and encouraging students to rote memorize it.

(1) (iii), (iv), (i)
(2) (i), (ii)
(3) (i), (iii)
(4) (i), (ii), (iii)

Why: Examples, non-examples and links between concepts build understanding. Rote learning of a definition does not.

11.In which of the following method teacher and student interchange their roles?

(1) Reciprocal teaching
(2) Conditioned learning
(3) Receptive learning
(4) Expository teaching

Why: In reciprocal teaching, students take turns to act as the teacher and lead the discussion.

12.Fiza analyzes that she has more problems in learning topic X than in learning topic Z because she is interested in topic Z and is paying focused attention to it. Which of the following construct describes Fiza’s abilities to analyze her thinking?

(1) Cognitive conflict
(2) Metacognition
(3) Memory
(4) Cognition

Why: Fiza is thinking about her own learning. Thinking about one’s own thinking is metacognition.

13.Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligence proposes that:

(1) Intelligence can successfully predict academic success.
(2) Intelligences change over time.
(3) Intelligence is primarily inherited.
(4) Intelligence can be measured accurately and predicated precisely.

Why: Gardner held that intelligences are not fixed. They can grow with experience and practice.

14.While there exists a possibility of intra-group individual differences, yet most students with Autism:

(1) perform superior skills of imaginative play.
(2) acquire advanced socio-emotional reciprocity.
(3) demonstrate advanced communication skills.
(4) express strict adherence to routine or steps.

Why: Children with autism usually like fixed routines and repeated patterns. They find social communication difficult.

15.Assertion (A): Creating an environment of fear and stress keeps students ‘on their’ toes and facilitates meaningful learning.
Reason (R): Learning is governed only by extrinsic factors.
Choose the correct option.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are false.
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(3) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(4) (A) is true but (R) is false.

Why: Fear and stress block learning, so (A) is false. Learning also depends on internal factors like interest, so (R) is false.

16.An example of ‘class inclusion’:
Assertion (A): Lokesh has trouble with classifying one concept (Delhi) as a subset of another (India).
Reason (R): Understanding how emotions affect memory and learning can lead to self-regulated learning.
Choose the correct option.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are false.
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(3) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(4) (A) is true but (R) is false.

Why: Difficulty in placing Delhi inside India shows trouble with class inclusion. (R) is also true but talks about emotions, so it does not explain (A).

17.Which of the following statement aptly describes the purpose of a diagnostic assessment?

(1) To identify the areas where students may need additional support or instruction.
(2) To give students the opportunity to critically assess the work of their peers.
(3) To identify the attitude patterns of students and design a career guidance programme as per their needs.
(4) To provide feedback to the teacher about their teaching methods.

Why: Diagnostic assessment finds the specific areas where a learner is weak, so that help can be given.

18.Ten year old Kakuli is struggling with a difficult math problem. What can her teacher do to enhance her problem-solving skills?

(1) Give severe punishment so that it is not repeated in future
(2) Give her the solution to the problem
(3) Tell her to skip the problem and move on to the next one
(4) Encourage her to keep trying and offer scaffolding when needed

Why: Encouragement with timely support (scaffolding) helps the child solve the problem herself.

19.Jean Piaget perceives __________ to be __________. Lev-Vygotsky believes __________ to be __________.

(1) Private speech, effective in self-regulation; egocentric speech, a sign of cognitive immaturity
(2) Egocentric speech, a sign of cognitive immaturity; private speech, effective in self-regulation
(3) Egocentric speech, effective in self-regulation; private speech, a sign of cognitive immaturity
(4) Private speech, a sign of cognitive immaturity; egocentric speech, effective in self-regulation

Why: Piaget saw egocentric speech as a sign of immature thinking. Vygotsky saw private speech as a tool for self-regulation.

20.Universal design for learning does NOT involve:

(1) Practicing forms of labelling and categorization of learners.
(2) Giving all learners various ways of acquiring information and knowledge.
(3) Providing all learners alternatives for demonstrating what the learners know.
(4) Tapping into all learners’ interests and offering challenges accordingly.

Why: Universal design offers many ways to learn and show learning for all. It does not label or sort learners.

21.Which of the following statements about Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory is correct?

(1) It takes into account effects of culture and gender on moral reasoning.
(2) It does not specify exact stages for progression of moral development in children.
(3) It is based on the study done through experimental methods.
(4) It presents conflicting situations to children.

Why: Kohlberg gave children moral dilemmas (like the Heinz story) with conflicting choices and studied their reasoning.

22.Assertion (A): Each child finds opportunities to play, experiment and discover their world.
Reason (R): Childhood is a universal construct.
Choose the correct option.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are false.
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(3) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(4) (A) is true but (R) is false.

Why: Many children do not get chances to play and explore because of poverty or work. Childhood also differs across cultures, so it is not universal. Both are false.

23.Which of the following is an example of a question that promotes analytical thinking?

(1) Who was the leader of Germany during World War II?
(2) In which year did World War II end?
(3) Which countries were directly involved in the World War II?
(4) Which factors contributed to the outbreak of World War II?

Why: Finding the causes of an event needs analysis. The other questions only test recall of facts.

24.While engaging students who are visually challenged, teachers should use __________ which __________.

(1) Frequency modulated transmission devices; are an auditory system.
(2) Braille, is a tactile system.
(3) Braille, is an auditory system.
(4) Frequency modulated transmission devices; are a tactile system.

Why: Braille is read by touch, so it is a tactile system. FM devices help children with hearing loss.

25.You are a teacher who wants to encourage your students to think critically and creatively. Which of the following strategies is most likely to foster this type of thinking?

(1) Lecturing on the topic and providing students with detailed notes.
(2) Assigning a project in which students must memorize and present information on a topic.
(3) Providing students with open-ended questions to come up with their own solutions.
(4) Giving students multiple-choice tests to assess their knowledge.

Why: Open-ended questions have no single answer. Students must think and create their own solutions.

26.Which of the following is an example of assessment for student’s learning?

(1) A rubric given to students at the beginning of a project, outlining what they need to do to achieve a certain grade.
(2) A final exam that covers all the material learned throughout the term.
(3) A quiz and brainstorming at the beginning of class to check for prior knowledge.
(4) A standardized test used to compare students across the country.

Why: Sharing the rubric in advance tells students the criteria and guides their work. This supports learning, so it is assessment for learning.

27.Assertion (A): As compared to boys, girls have an innate tendency to be affected more by social and cultural factors.
Reason (R): Girls are genetically more sensitive and emotionally weaker than boys, making it more likely for them to conform to societal expectations.
Choose the correct option.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are false.
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(3) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(4) (A) is true but (R) is false.

Why: Both statements are gender stereotypes. There is no inborn or genetic weakness in girls. So both are false.

28.Assertion (A): 12-year Amana gets scared every time the teacher asks her to answer or solve the maths problem on the blackboard because she fears that the teacher will scold her and she would be embarrassed.
Reason (R): When students feel unsafe and anxious their learning is adversely affected.
Choose the correct option.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are false.
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(3) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(4) (A) is true but (R) is false.

Why: Amana feels unsafe and afraid in class. Fear and anxiety harm learning. So (R) explains (A).

29.A teacher wants to enable meaningful and analytical learning in her class by providing opportunities for students to connect their prior knowledge to new concepts. Which of the following teaching strategies would be most effective?

(1) Providing students with a step-by-step guide on how to complete a task related to the new material.
(2) Lecturing on new material and providing students with a list of key terms to memorize.
(3) Assign students to read the textbook chapter and answer questions at the end.
(4) Ask students to share their own experiences related to the new material and then connect them to the topic.

Why: Sharing experiences brings out prior knowledge. Linking it to the new topic makes learning meaningful.

30.In an inclusive classroom the teacher:

(1) Tries to encourage children to do better by promoting competitive spirit.
(2) Identifies ‘deficits’ in children and correctly labels them.
(3) Segregates children based on differing academic capabilities.
(4) Modifies the curriculum and pedagogical strategies to suit varied needs of children.

Why: An inclusive teacher changes the curriculum and methods to suit every child. Labelling and separating children go against inclusion.

31.Which of the following numbers is written in the standard form?

(1) 83.7 × 10⁻⁹
(2) 45 × 10³
(3) 8.5 × 10⁻¹²
(4) 0.6 × 10¹⁵

Why: In standard form the number before the power of 10 must be from 1 to less than 10. Only 8.5 fits.

32.In a pentagon ABCDE, ∠A = (2x + 9)°, ∠B = (2x + 1)°, ∠C = (2x − 1)°, ∠D = (2x + 5)° and ∠E = (2x − 4)°. Then, value of (2x + 10)° is:

(1) 124°
(2) 114°
(3) 116°
(4) 118°

Why: Sum of angles of a pentagon = 540°. So 10x + 10 = 540 and x = 53. Then 2x + 10 = 116°.

33.Which one of the following is the most appropriate feature of mathematics textbooks at elementary level?

(1) Concepts should be presented from concrete to abstract
(2) The language of the book must be highly precise and technical
(3) Books must contain a lot of similar questions to practice
(4) Concepts should be presented from complex to simple

Why: Young learners understand better when ideas move from concrete objects to abstract symbols.

34.A sum of ₹ 8000 becomes ₹ 9500 at 7.5% p.a. in x years at simple interest. What will be the amount of the sum in same time at 20% p.a, if interest is compounded yearly?

(1) ₹ 13824
(2) ₹ 11616
(3) ₹ 12144
(4) ₹ 12672

Why: SI = 1500 = 8000 × 7.5 × x ÷ 100, so x = 2½ years. For 2 years: 8000 × 1.2 × 1.2 = 11520. For the last ½ year at 10%: 11520 × 1.1 = ₹ 12672.

35.The two corresponding angles formed by the intersection of two parallel lines by a transversal are (3x − 20)° and (5x − 60)°. Then, the value of (4x + 30)° is:

(1) 150°
(2) 90°
(3) 110°
(4) 130°

Why: Corresponding angles are equal. 3x − 20 = 5x − 60 gives x = 20. So 4x + 30 = 110°.

36.Which of the following is used to record students’ problem solving ability, measurement ability and experimentation ability?

(1) Teacher Diary
(2) Cumulative Record
(3) Report Card
(4) Anecdotal Record

Why: As per the official key, the anecdotal record is used. The teacher notes what the child actually does while solving, measuring or experimenting.

37.The distance between the parallel sides AB and CD of a trapezium ABCD is 12 cm. If AB < CD, CD = 24 cm and AD = BC = 13 cm, then area of the trapezium (in cm²) is:

(1) 228
(2) 123.5
(3) 114
(4) 247

Why: Each slant side covers √(13² − 12²) = 5 cm of CD. So AB = 24 − 10 = 14 cm. Area = ½ × (14 + 24) × 12 = 228 cm².

38.Following data shows the number of wickets taken by a player in last 11 matches played by him/her:
1, 0, 2, 4, 0, 3, 1, 1, 2, 4, 1
What is the difference between the mean and mode of the above data?

(1) ⁸⁄₉
(2) ⁷⁄₁₁
(3) ⁸⁄₁₁
(4) ¹⁰⁄₉

Why: Mean = 19 ÷ 11 = ¹⁹⁄₁₁. Mode = 1. Difference = ¹⁹⁄₁₁ − 1 = ⁸⁄₁₁.

39.A nine-digit number 565x9274y is divisible by number 88. Then, the value of (2x + 3y) is:

(1) 22
(2) 26
(3) 25
(4) 24

Why: For 8, the last three digits 74y must be divisible by 8, so y = 4. For 11, (5+5+9+7+4) − (6+x+2+4) = 18 − x must be 0 or 11, so x = 7. Then 2x + 3y = 14 + 12 = 26.

40.Many occupations such as accountancy, banking, shop-keeping, tailoring etc. requires mathematics directly or indirectly. This is an explanation of __________ value of Mathematics.

(1) Professional
(2) Disciplinary
(3) Cultural
(4) Utilitarian

Why: Usefulness of maths in daily life and jobs is its utilitarian (practical) value.

41.O is a point on line AB. Rays OC and OD are drawn on the same side of AB such that OC ⊥ OD, ∠AOC = x and ∠BOD = 3x. Then, ∠BOD is equal to:

(1) 67½°
(2) 22½°
(3) 45°
(4) 60°

Why: Angles on a straight line add up to 180°. x + 90 + 3x = 180, so x = 22½°. ∠BOD = 3x = 67½°.

42.For teaching addition of integers at the upper primary stage which of the following is least useful?

(1) use of chart paper
(2) use of stairs
(3) use of lift
(4) use of number line

Why: Stairs, a lift and a number line show moving up and down, like positive and negative numbers. Plain chart paper does not.

43.If x = k, is the solution of the equation: ^{x − 4}⁄₇ − 1 = ^{5 − x}⁄₃ + x, then what is the value of ^{11k + 18}⁄_{11k − 12}?

(1) ⁴⁄₉
(2) ¹⁄₂
(3) ³⁄₄
(4) ⁵⁄₈

Why: Multiply by 21: 3x − 12 − 21 = 35 − 7x + 21x, so −11x = 68. Thus 11k = −68. Value = (−68 + 18) ÷ (−68 − 12) = −50 ÷ −80 = ⁵⁄₈.

44.Meenu wrote some numbers on the blackboard and arranged them in ascending order as 2 < 7 < 9 < 12. She then multiplied each number by −¹⁄₂.
Identify the correct statement regarding the above situation.

(1) Number of terms in the ascending order will change.
(2) Ascending order of numbers will still remain the same.
(3) Mean of the numbers will remain the same.
(4) Ascending order will now be changed to descending order.

Why: Multiplying by a negative number reverses the order. −1 > −3.5 > −4.5 > −6, so the order becomes descending.

45.Which of the following represents the most important capabilities of learners to be assessed in mathematics?
(a) Ability to use abstractions to perceive relationships
(b) Ability to memorize all the formulae given in textbook
(c) Ability to apply mathematical concepts to solve problems related to daily life situations
(d) Ability to score full marks in mathematics
Choose the correct option.

(1) (b) and (d)
(2) (a) and (c)
(3) (a) and (d)
(4) (b), (c) and (d)

Why: Maths assessment should check reasoning with abstract ideas and use of maths in daily life, not memory or marks.

46.The cost price of an article is ₹ 750. It is sold for ₹ 608 by giving 24% discount on its marked price. Had it been sold on its marked price, then what would have been the profit percent?

(1) 6⅔%
(2) 5%
(3) 6%
(4) 5⅓%

Why: Marked price = 608 ÷ 0.76 = ₹ 800. Profit = 800 − 750 = 50. Profit % = 50 ÷ 750 × 100 = 6⅔%.

47.The value of 31096 ÷ (2704 ÷ 2) + 0.6738 + 0.63 + 0.059 − 0.79 is equal to:

(1) 24.5728
(2) 23.6728
(3) 23.5728
(4) 24.6728

Why: 2704 ÷ 2 = 1352 and 31096 ÷ 1352 = 23. Then 0.6738 + 0.63 + 0.059 − 0.79 = 0.5728. Total = 23.5728.

48.Cards bearing numbers 12, 13, 14, ... , 70, 71 (one number on one card) are kept in a box and then a card is drawn from the box without looking into it. What is the probability that the card drawn has the number which is not a prime?

(1) ⁴⁵⁄₅₉
(2) ¹⁄₄
(3) ¹⁵⁄₅₉
(4) ³⁄₄

Why: There are 60 cards. Primes from 12 to 71 are 15 in number. Non-primes = 45. Probability = 45/60 = ³⁄₄.

49.Which one of the following is a teacher-centred method of teaching mathematics?

(1) Group Discussion Method
(2) Problem solving Method
(3) Lecture Method
(4) Heuristic Method

Why: In the lecture method the teacher talks and students listen. It is teacher-centred.

50.The distance covered (in metres) by a wheel of radius 25 cm in 350 rounds is (use π = ²²⁄₇):

(1) 1100
(2) 275
(3) 550
(4) 825

Why: Circumference = 2 × ²²⁄₇ × 25 = ¹¹⁰⁰⁄₇ cm. Distance = ¹¹⁰⁰⁄₇ × 350 = 55000 cm = 550 m.

51.One of the factors of 20pq² + 4pq + 45pr² − 60pqr − 6rp is:

(1) 15p − 10r + 2
(2) 2r − 3q
(3) 2q − 3r
(4) 10p − 15r + 2

Why: = 5p(4q² − 12qr + 9r²) + 2p(2q − 3r) = 5p(2q − 3r)² + 2p(2q − 3r) = p(2q − 3r)(10q − 15r + 2). So (2q − 3r) is a factor.

52.Which of the following statement is correct about assessment?

(1) Formative Assessment is used after the course completion to assign the grades.
(2) Assessment as learning generates opportunities for self-assessment and peer assessment.
(3) Summative Assessment helps to know to what extent the instructional objectives have been achieved while teaching a concept.
(4) ‘Assessment for learning’ is a process with no scope of giving feedback.

Why: In assessment as learning, students assess themselves and their peers. The other statements mix up the types of assessment.

53.On the basis of the information given in the statement, which of the suggested course of action logically follows?
Statement: Anamika does conceptual error while solving problems on mensuration.
Course of Action:
(I) Teacher gives a lot of hands-on and visual practice to Anamika.
(II) Teacher provides the scope of discussion while giving open-ended questions.
Choose the correct option.

(1) Both course of action (I) and (II)
(2) Only course of action (I)
(3) Only course of action (II)
(4) Neither course of action (I) nor course of action (II)

Why: Hands-on work builds the concept. Discussion on open questions helps her correct her ideas. Both actions help.

54.PQRS is a parallelogram in which PQ = (4x + 1) cm, QR = 26 cm, RS = 25 cm and PS = (3y − 1) cm. Then, the value of (3x + 2y) (in cm) is:

(1) 39
(2) 35
(3) 36
(4) 38

Why: Opposite sides are equal. 4x + 1 = 25 gives x = 6. 3y − 1 = 26 gives y = 9. So 3x + 2y = 18 + 18 = 36.

55.Which of the following rational numbers lie between ⁻⁷⁄₁₀ and ⁻¹⁄₄?

(1) ⁵⁄₋₈, ⁻²⁄₃, ⁻³⁄₅
(2) ⁻³⁄₅, 0, ⁻¹⁄₅
(3) ⁻²⁄₃, ⁻³⁄₅, ⁻³⁄₄
(4) ⁵⁄₋₈, ²⁄₃, ⁻³⁄₅

Why: The range is −0.7 to −0.25. −0.625, −0.667 and −0.6 all lie in it. Each other option has a number outside it (0, −0.75 or +⅔).

56.If x is the smallest number which is to be subtracted from 2605 to make it a perfect square, then the value of (4x + 7) is:

(1) 31
(2) 11
(3) 23
(4) 27

Why: 51² = 2601, so x = 2605 − 2601 = 4. Then 4x + 7 = 23.

57.Let A = 3x² − 8x + 11, B = −2x² + 12x, C = −4x² + 7 and D = x² − x − 11.
If (A + B + C) − D = px² + qx + r, then the value of (p + q + r) is:

(1) 31
(2) 27
(3) 28
(4) 30

Why: A + B + C = −3x² + 4x + 18. Subtract D: −4x² + 5x + 29. So p + q + r = −4 + 5 + 29 = 30.

58.Nitu is always confused in identifying the transformations. Her mathematics teacher helped her by giving one simple word for each transformation namely: Reflection, Rotation, Translation and Enlargement.
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of meaning of each transformation as given above?

(1) Flip, Slide, Turn and Bigger Figure
(2) Turn, Slide, Flip and Bigger Figure
(3) Flip, Turn, Slide and Bigger Figure
(4) Slide, Flip, Turn and Bigger Figure

Why: Reflection = flip, rotation = turn, translation = slide, enlargement = bigger figure.

59.For which of the following measurements, the construction of triangle ABC can be done?

(1) AB = 5 cm, BC = 6 cm, ∠ABC = 130°, ∠BAC = 25°
(2) AB = 3 cm, BC = 4 cm, AC = 7 cm
(3) AB = 8 cm, BC = 4 cm, ∠BCA = 90°, ∠ABC = 60°
(4) ∠ACB = 120°, ∠ABC = 25°, AC = BC = 4 cm

Why: In (3), cos 60° = BC/AB = 4/8, so the data fit a real right triangle. In (2), 3 + 4 is not more than 7. In (4), AC = BC needs ∠A = ∠B, which is not true. In (1), the extra angle does not match the two sides.

60.A solid cube of side 12 cm is cut into small solid cubes of side 4 cm each. What will be the relation between the total surface area of the original cube and the new total surface area of the small cubes so formed?

(1) New total surface area will be thrice the original total surface area.
(2) New total surface area will be ¹⁄₂ of the original total surface area.
(3) New total surface area will be twice the original total surface area.
(4) New total surface area will be ¹⁄₃ of the original total surface area.

Why: Original area = 6 × 144 = 864 cm². 27 small cubes × 6 × 16 = 2592 cm², which is 3 times 864.

61.Assertion (A): Achievement in STEM related courses is influenced by gender.
Reason (R): Problem solving strategies used by boys and girls are different.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are false.
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is correct explanation of (A).
(3) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not correct explanation of (A).
(4) (A) is true and (R) is false.

Why: Ability in science and maths does not depend on gender. Boys and girls do not use different strategies by nature. Both statements are stereotypes.

62.__(A)__ is a technique of vegetative propagation in which a part of the stem or a young branch of a plant is pulled and buried in moist soil, such that the branch is still attached to the Parent Plant. After some time, roots develop in the buried part and it grows into a new plant. __(B)__ is an example of plant usually grown through this technique.
(A) and (B) respectively are:

(1) Layering, Jasmine
(2) Cutting, Potato
(3) Grafting, Rose
(4) Budding, Hydra

Why: Bending a branch into the soil while it is still joined to the plant is layering. Jasmine is grown this way.

63.Which of the following statements are true?
(A) Crystallisation is a chemical change.
(B) Photosynthesis is a chemical change.
(C) Ripening of fruit is a physical change.
(D) Formation of curd from milk is a chemical change.

(1) (C) and (D)
(2) (A) and (B)
(3) (B) and (D)
(4) (B) and (C)

Why: Photosynthesis and curd formation make new substances, so they are chemical changes. Crystallisation is physical and ripening is chemical, so (A) and (C) are false.

64.Which of the following strategies would support inquiry oriented science teaching?

(1) Explaining the difference between real and apparent weight
(2) Define and explain Archimede’s principle
(3) Demonstrating the loss in weight of an object when immersed in water
(4) Engaging students in floating and sinking activities

Why: In inquiry, students explore by doing. Floating and sinking activities let them find out for themselves.

65.__(A)__ hormone regulates Carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism in our body. It is secreted by __(B)__ gland and __(C)__ in our diet impacts the functioning of this gland.
(A), (B), (C) respectively are:

(1) Growth hormone, Pitutary, Proteins
(2) Insulin, Pancreas, Sugar
(3) Adrenaline, Adrenal, Salts
(4) Thyroxine, Thyroid, Iodine

Why: Thyroxine from the thyroid gland controls metabolism. The thyroid needs iodine to make it.

66.Which of the following statements is/are true regarding relative reactivity of metals?
(A) Zinc is more reactive than Iron but less reactive than Aluminium.
(B) Sodium is more reactive than Potassium and Calcium.
(C) Aluminium is more reactive than Magnesium.

(1) Only (C)
(2) (A) and (B)
(3) Only (A)
(4) (B) and (C)

Why: Reactivity series: K > Na > Ca > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe. Only (A) fits this order.

67.Which of the following represents correct matching set in the context of aquatic plants?

Adaptation	Purpose
(a) Large circular leaves	(i) helpful in protecting against decay
(b) Waxy coating	(ii) helpful in offering resistance to water currents
(c) Stems have large tunnels and holes	(iii) helpful in providing buoyancy
(d) Ribbon like leaves	(iv) helpful in staying afloat

(1) (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(ii)
(2) (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
(3) (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iv)
(4) (a)-(ii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(iii), (d)-(i)

Why: Large flat leaves help buoyancy, wax protects from decay, air spaces in stems keep the plant afloat and ribbon-like leaves resist water currents.

68.The following activity is done in the class VII:
Students are given four iron bars out of which two are bar magnets. They are asked to identify the bar magnets. Which of the following process skills can be promoted through this activity?

(1) Observation, Estimation, Experimentation, Controlling variables.
(2) Observation, Formulating hypothesis, Measuring
(3) Observation, Classification, Inferring
(4) Observation, Classification, Communication, Measurement

Why: Students observe how the bars behave, sort them into magnets and non-magnets, and infer which are magnets.

69.Which of the following should not be the purpose of open book assessment in Science?

(1) To give opportunity to explore the book
(2) To reduce the fear of assessment in learners
(3) To gauge conceptual understanding of learners
(4) To score more marks in tests

Why: Open book tests check understanding and reduce fear. Getting more marks is not their purpose.

70.The density of medium A is more than medium B but less than medium C. In which medium does the sound travels fastest?

(1) Can’t be inferred from this information
(2) A
(3) B
(4) C

Why: [KEY] The CBSE final key credits option 4 (C, the densest medium). At school level sound is taught to travel faster in denser media. Strictly, the speed also depends on elasticity, so density alone cannot decide it (option 1).

71.Complete the following table:

Atomic number	Mass number	No. of electrons	No. of protons	No. of neutrons
9	A	B	C	10
D	24	E	12	F

A, B, C, D, E, F respectively are:

(1) 9, 9, 10, 24, 12, 12
(2) 19, 10, 9, 12, 12, 12
(3) 19, 9, 9, 12, 12, 12
(4) 9, 10, 9, 24, 12, 12

Why: Row 1: protons = electrons = 9, mass = 9 + 10 = 19. Row 2: atomic number = protons = 12, electrons = 12, neutrons = 24 − 12 = 12.

72.Assertion (A): Convex mirrors are used as rearview-mirrors in vehicles.
Reason (R1): They form erect and enlarged image.
Reason (R2): They have wider field of view.

(1) (A) is true but neither (R1) nor (R2) are correct explanation for (A).
(2) (A) is true and both (R1) and (R2) are correct explanations for (A).
(3) (A) is true and only (R1) is correct explanation for (A).
(4) (A) is true and only (R2) is correct explanation for (A).

Why: A convex mirror gives an erect but diminished image, so (R1) is wrong. Its wide field of view is the reason it is used.

73.S1 - Self pollination can take place only in bisexual flowers.
S2 - Cross pollination can take place only in Unisexual flowers.

(1) S1 is false and S2 is true
(2) Both S1 and S2 are true
(3) Both S1 and S2 are false
(4) S1 is true and S2 is false

Why: As per the key, self-pollination needs both sex organs in a flower, so S1 is taken as true. Cross pollination happens in bisexual flowers too, so S2 is false.

74.Which of the following statements is true?

(1) Soil with low water holding capacity has good aeration and high percolation rate.
(2) Soil with low water holding capacity has poor aeration and high percolation rate.
(3) Soil with low water holding capacity has good aeration and low percolation rate.
(4) Soil with low water holding capacity has poor aeration and low percolation rate.

Why: Sandy soil has large particles with big air spaces. Water drains fast, so it has good aeration and high percolation.

75.Which of the following statements are not true regarding compounds?
(A) Compounds show the properties of constituent substances.
(B) Only elements can react to form compounds.
(C) The composition of each compound is always fixed.
(D) Compounds can be separated by physical and chemical methods.

(1) (A), (C), (D)
(2) (A), (B), (C)
(3) (B), (C), (D)
(4) (A), (B), (D)

Why: A compound has new properties, compounds can also react to form compounds, and it cannot be separated by physical methods. Only (C) is true.

76.Which of the following statements are true in the context of respiration in whales and dolphins?
(A) They cannot use dissolved Oxygen.
(B) They have gills.
(C) They have large nostrils.
(D) They often come up to the water surface to breathe.

(1) (A), (B), (D)
(2) (A), (B), (C)
(3) (A), (C), (D)
(4) (B), (C), (D)

Why: Whales and dolphins breathe air with lungs through nostrils (blowholes). They have no gills and come up to breathe.

77.Which of the following have the most scope for promoting Art integrated learning in Science?

(1) Journal writing, Field trips
(2) Portfolios, Anecdotal records
(3) Projects, Portfolios
(4) Anecdotal records, Journal writing

Why: Projects and portfolios allow models, drawings, charts and other creative work along with science.

78.Assertion (A): Nichrome is used as a heating element in devices like electric toaster and electric geyser.
Reason (R): Nichrome has high melting point and low resistivity.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are false
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is correct explanation for (A)
(3) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not correct explanation for (A)
(4) (A) is true and (R) is false

Why: Nichrome is used as a heating element. It has high resistivity, not low, so (R) is false.

79.Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the function of bile juice in human digestive system?
(A) It makes the partly digested food coming from stomach alkaline.
(B) It helps in digestion of fats.

(1) Both (A) and (B) are false
(2) (A) is true and (B) is false
(3) (A) is false and (B) is true
(4) Both (A) and (B) are true

Why: Bile makes the acidic food from the stomach alkaline. It also breaks fats into small droplets for digestion.

80.On the basis of the following information identify the substances which give flame on burning:

Substance	State	Vapourises on burning
A	Solid	No
B	Liquid	Yes
C	Solid	Yes
D	Liquid	No

(1) C and D
(2) A and D
(3) A and B
(4) B and C

Why: Only substances that vaporise on burning give a flame. B and C vaporise.

81.Assertion (A): Arteries have thick and elastic walls as compared to veins.
Reason (R): The pressure of blood flow in arteries is low as compared to veins.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are false
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is correct explanation for (A)
(3) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not correct explanation for (A)
(4) (A) is true and (R) is false

Why: Arteries carry blood at high pressure, so they have thick, elastic walls. (R) is false.

82.The buoyant force on an object immersed in liquid acts in:

(1) Parallel to liquid surface
(2) Upward direction
(3) Downward direction
(4) All direction

Why: Buoyant force (upthrust) always acts upward.

83.Which of the following questions is a divergent question?

(1) What would happen to gravity if the size of earth is reduced to half?
(2) Why does a ball thrown up comes down?
(3) What if there was no gravity on the earth?
(4) How does gravity vary with the altitude?

Why: A divergent question has many possible answers. ‘What if there was no gravity?’ invites open, imaginative thinking.

84.When a ray of light enters from medium A to medium B, its speed decreases and on further entering into medium C, its speed increases.
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this?

(1) Refractive index of A, B, C cannot be compared from above information
(2) Refractive index of A is more than B and C
(3) Refractive index of A is less than B but equal to C
(4) Refractive index of A and C are less than B

Why: Light slows down in a medium of higher refractive index. It is slowest in B, so B has a higher refractive index than both A and C.

85.Which of the following statements is correct?
S1: The normal temperature of the human body is 37°C.
S2: Heat flows from a body at a higher temperature to a body at lower temperature.

(1) S1 is inference and S2 is observation
(2) Both S1 and S2 are observation
(3) Both S1 and S2 are inferences
(4) S1 is observation and S2 is inference

Why: Both are general conclusions drawn from many observations. So both are inferences.

86.(A) Sunita takes 0.5 g of Sodium Carbonate in a test-tube and adds 5 ml of Dilute Hydrochloric acid.
(B) She passes the gas produced in the above reaction through Lime water.
Which of the following represents the chemical reactions taking place in (A) and (B)?

(1) (A) NaHCO₃ + HCl → NaCl + H₂O + CO₂
(B) CaCO₃ + H₂O + CO₂ → Ca(HCO₃)₂
(2) (A) Na₂CO₃ + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H₂O + CO₂
(B) CaCO₃ + H₂O + CO₂ → Ca(HCO₃)₂
(3) (A) Na₂CO₃ + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H₂O + CO₂
(B) Ca(OH)₂ + CO₂ → CaCO₃ + H₂O
(4) (A) NaHCO₃ + HCl → NaCl + H₂O + CO₂
(B) Ca(OH)₂ + CO₂ → CaCO₃ + H₂O

Why: Sodium carbonate is Na₂CO₃. The CO₂ formed turns lime water, Ca(OH)₂, milky by forming CaCO₃.

87.Which of the following statements is/are true regarding nature of science?
(A) Scientific ideas are not affected by cultural context.
(B) There is no single scientific method.

(1) Both (A) and (B) are false
(2) Both (A) and (B) are true
(3) (A) is true and (B) is false
(4) (A) is false and (B) is true

Why: Science is done by people in a society, so culture affects it. Scientists use many methods, not one fixed method.

88.While ice melts at 0°C, its temperature:

(1) first decreases and then remains same
(2) increases
(3) decreases
(4) remains same

Why: During melting, heat is used as latent heat to change state. The temperature stays at 0°C.

89.Children of all age groups have various ideas which may be different from science concepts. Which of the following statements are true regarding these ideas?
(A) These ideas are usually stable
(B) They are formed due to observable phenomenon
(C) They tend to follow similar developmental pattern
(D) They are easy to modify
(E) They are often domain specific

(1) (A), (B), (C), (E)
(2) (A), (B), (C)
(3) (B), (C), (D)
(4) (A), (B), (C), (D)

Why: Alternative conceptions are stable, come from everyday observation, follow common patterns and are topic specific. They are hard to change.

90.Read the following statements in the context of Laws and theories in Science:
S1: Laws are generalisation statement whereas theories are explanations.
S2: Laws are very old and theories are contemporary.
S3: Laws can’t be changed whereas theories are subject to change.

(1) S3 is true whereas S1 and S2 are false
(2) S1 is true; S2 and S3 are false
(3) S1 and S2 are true whereas S3 is false
(4) S1 and S3 are true whereas S2 is false

Why: A law describes a pattern; a theory explains it. Both can be old or new, and both can change with new evidence.

Source text not reproduced. This question and the ones that follow it are based on an extract that is still in copyright, so it is not reprinted here. Read it in the official question paper, then use the questions below.

91.The word opposite in meaning to the underlined word in the given sentence is:
‘Right use of colours actually helps you create the spacious feeling’.

(1) special
(2) cramped
(3) airy
(4) fresh

Why: Spacious means having plenty of room. Its opposite is cramped.

92.Identify the parts of speech of the underlined words in the sentence given below:
‘Right use of colours actually helps you create the spacious feeling’.

(1) conjunction, verb
(2) adverb, noun
(3) verb, adverb
(4) preposition, verb

Why: ‘Actually’ modifies the verb ‘helps’, so it is an adverb. ‘Feeling’ is the thing created, so it is a noun.

93.As mentioned by the writer in para 2, some ways by which you can break the monotony of the room is:

(1) by blending light and dark shades
(2) painting all the 4 walls in plain colours
(3) both (1) and (2)
(4) (1) is correct, but not (2)

Why: The writer suggests blending light and dark colours instead of one plain colour on all four walls. So only (1) is correct.

94.‘To think out of the box’ does not mean to think:

(1) traditionally
(2) creatively and imaginatively
(3) about novel ideas
(4) in unusual ways

Why: Thinking out of the box means thinking in new, creative ways. Thinking traditionally is the opposite.

95.According to the writer, it is important to pay attention to the colour scheme of your home because:

(1) the monotonous shades add life to the rooms
(2) the ambience created makes it look boring
(3) it reflects the personality of the owner
(4) the walls reveal the secrets of your life

Why: The writer says every room reflects the personality of the person living in it.

96.Read the following statements:
(A) Colours if used creatively can give the perfect look to a room.
(B) Space is abundant nowadays.
(C) The right colour combination on walls and the roof creates a spacious feeling.

(1) (A) and (C) are incorrect, (B) is correct
(2) (A) and (C) are correct, (B) is incorrect
(3) (B) and (C) are correct, (A) is incorrect
(4) (A), (B) and (C) are all correct

Why: The passage says there is an abundance of everything but space. So (B) is wrong, while (A) and (C) are correct.

97.Complete the given word analogy:
monotonous : dull :: ambience : ?

(1) weather
(2) room
(3) temperature
(4) aura

Why: Monotonous and dull are synonyms. The synonym of ambience is aura (atmosphere).

98.Some people draw colourful sceneries on their home walls to:

(1) blend dark and light colours
(2) give a deeper significance to their home
(3) bring nature into their homes
(4) create a sense of space

Why: The passage says they draw scenery to give the feeling of bringing the outdoors inside.

99.As mentioned by the writer in para 1, In today’s times, what is a modern day home owner longing for?

(1) Imagination
(2) Colours
(3) Space
(4) Sheer appeal

Why: The writer says there is plenty of everything but space, which people crave for.

Source text not reproduced. This question and the ones that follow it are based on an extract that is still in copyright, so it is not reprinted here. Read it in the official question paper, then use the questions below.

100.The poetic devices in line 2 and line 4 are:

(1) metaphor and simile
(2) metaphor and personification
(3) hyperbole and metaphor
(4) simile and alliteration

Why: Line 2 compares the pen to a gun using ‘as’, a simile. Line 4 repeats the ‘s’ and ‘g’ sounds (spade sings, gravelly ground), which is alliteration.

101.What is the overall tone of the poem?

(1) nostalgic and admiration
(2) annoyance and anger
(3) pitiful and sympathetic
(4) disgust and animosity

Why: The poet remembers his father’s digging with fondness and respect. The tone is nostalgic and admiring.

102.Complete the word analogy:
coarse : rough :: snug : ?

(1) comfortable
(2) lazy
(3) perfect
(4) lethal

Why: Coarse and rough are synonyms. Snug means warm and comfortable.

103.How does the speaker’s father feel about his son’s choice of career?

(1) He is ambivalent towards the choice.
(2) The poem doesn’t make it clear.
(3) He wishes, his son choose a more practical path.
(4) He is glad his son is not a farmer.

Why: The given lines show only the son’s memories. The father’s view of his son’s career is not stated.

104.In the second stanza, the poet is observing:

(1) potato growers in the countryside
(2) a gardener tending flower beds
(3) his father digging potatoes
(4) farmers in the fields

Why: The poet looks down from his window and remembers his father digging in the potato drills.

105.‘. . . . . loving their cool hardness in our hands’. What is the speaker referring to in the given line?

(1) the potato drills
(2) the gun
(3) the handles of the spade
(4) the potatoes

Why: ‘Their’ refers to the new potatoes the children picked up.

106.‘Authenticity of materials’ refers to:

(1) materials which children bring from home.
(2) materials written by the teacher for her class.
(3) materials written or developed by people in authority.
(4) materials written or developed in real life content.

Why: Authentic materials are real-life texts like newspapers, menus and posters, not made only for teaching.

107.Aparna, a learner of class V understands that listening involves listening to each sound, words, then sentences to get the meaning of the speech or an audio. Which approach/strategy she believes in for learning to listen?

(1) It is neither top-down nor bottom-up approach
(2) Top-down approach
(3) Bottom-up approach
(4) Both top-down and bottom-up approach

Why: Building meaning from sounds to words to sentences is the bottom-up approach.

108.What is ‘systemic competence’ in language learning?

(1) Understanding that all human have a systems of many languages.
(2) Understanding and applying that language works as a system.
(3) Understanding and applying that languages have a grammatical system.
(4) Understanding that all languages have a common structural system.

Why: Systemic competence is knowing and using the language as a whole system: sounds, words, grammar and meaning together.

109.Here is text or some statements. Find out which language register does this text represent?
The Indian Constitution recognises every person as equal. This means that every individual in the country, including male and female, person from all castes, religions, tribes, educational and economic background are recognised as equal. This is not to say that inequity ceases to exist. It doesn’t. But at least, in democratic India, the principle of the equality of all persons is recognised.

(1) Scientific register
(2) Politic register
(3) Social Science register
(4) Legal register

Why: The text explains equality in the Constitution in the style of a civics textbook. It belongs to the social science register.

110.A teacher of class VI does a warm up activity to connect their previous knowledge and experience with the text they would read. She asks her learners to look at the illustrations of the reading text (the story) before she begin to teach the text. What does she want her learners to do?

(1) Make them understand the illustrations.
(2) Visualize the story through the illustrations.
(3) Appreciate the illustrations.
(4) Make prediction about the reading text.

Why: Looking at pictures before reading helps learners guess what the story will be about. This is a pre-reading prediction task.

111.A continuous record of instances of learning by the learners is known as:

(1) Diagnostic test
(2) Portfolio
(3) Continuous Comprehensive Assessment
(4) Proficiency assessment

Why: A portfolio is a collection of a learner’s work kept over time. It shows growth in learning.

112.Which of the following are known as receptive skills?

(1) Listening and reading
(2) Listening and writing
(3) Reading and speaking
(4) Speaking and writing

Why: In listening and reading we receive language. Speaking and writing are productive skills.

113.Many Indians who go abroad for jobs learn the language of the place. What is this motivation known as?

(1) It is neither instrumental nor integrative motivation.
(2) Both integrative and instrumental motivation.
(3) Integrative motivation.
(4) Instrumental motivation.

Why: Learning a language for a practical gain like a job is instrumental motivation.

114.Which of the following language is NOT a classical language?

(1) Hindi
(2) Tamil
(3) Sanskrit
(4) Telugu

Why: Tamil, Sanskrit and Telugu have classical language status. Hindi does not.

115.Which of the following is NOT true of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 on the study of foreign languages?

(1) French is one of the language recommended to be studied as an additional option.
(2) Study of foreign languages as an additional option during the secondary stage.
(3) Study of foreign languages included as one of the languages under the three language formula.
(4) Foreign language does not include in the three languages studied under three language formula.

Why: NEP 2020 offers foreign languages as an extra option at the secondary stage. They are not part of the three-language formula.

116.Which of the following refers to ‘Knowing about language’?

(1) Strategic competence
(2) Declarative knowledge
(3) Procedural knowledge
(4) Grammatical knowledge

Why: Knowing facts and rules about a language is declarative knowledge. Knowing how to use it is procedural knowledge.

117.A teacher of class VI develops the following task for a speaking activity.
Speak five sentences about desert and its climatic conditions.
Is it a good task or not a good task? Select from option your response and reason for the same.

(1) It is not a good task because it lacks context as there is no input for speaking about desert and its conditions.
(2) It is a good task because the learners may have studied about desert in their geography class and will have inputs to speak.
(3) It is a good task because it makes the learner to talk about something i.e the desert.
(4) It is not a good task because some of the learners may not know about desert.

Why: A speaking task needs context and input. Without them, learners have nothing to build on.

118.Which of the following statements is true of a dialect of a language?

(1) Sometime different social group may speak different dialects of the same language.
(2) Dialects of language vary from region to region.
(3) Speakers of different dialects of one language can understand the other dialect speaker.
(4) A dialect is a bigger category and language is a smaller category.

Why: [KEY] CBSE gave marks for all four options (key: Z = all). Statements (1), (2) and (3) are all true of dialects, so the question had no single answer. Only (4) is wrong: a language is the bigger category.

119.Which of the following tasks promotes integrated learning skills?

(1) Writing an article
(2) Role play
(3) Assignment
(4) Project work

Why: Project work uses reading, writing, listening and speaking together, so it integrates all skills.

120.What is the following strategy in the context grammar teaching known as?
Introducing language item in contexts, making learners notice the language items, enabling them to use in real life contexts and drawing the attention of learner to the form by discovering it.

(1) Consciousness Raising
(2) Creating a Schema
(3) Deductive method
(4) Discovery methods

Why: Making learners notice a grammar item in context and discover its form is called consciousness raising.

Source text not reproduced. This question and the ones that follow it are based on an extract that is still in copyright, so it is not reprinted here. Read it in the official question paper, then use the questions below.

121.डाळिंबाची फुले कोणत्या रंगाची असतात ?

(1) लालसर
(2) जांभळी
(3) केशरी
(4) पांढरी

Why: उताऱ्यात ‘डाळिंबाची केशरी फुले’ असा उल्लेख आहे.

122.पुढीलपैकी कोणत्या फुलांचा गजरा लेखिकेने माळल्याचा उल्लेख येत नाही ?

(1) अबोली
(2) चाफा
(3) मोगरा
(4) कोरांटी

Why: अबोली, मोगरा आणि कोरांटीच्या फुलांचा उल्लेख आहे. चाफ्याचा उल्लेख नाही.

123.‘नाजूक रंगरूप’ यातील अधोरेखित शब्द काय आहे ?

(1) गुणविशेषण
(2) क्रमविशेषण
(3) क्रियाविशेषण
(4) गणनाविशेषण

Why: ‘नाजूक’ हा शब्द ‘रंगरूप’ या नामाचा गुण दाखवतो. म्हणून ते गुणविशेषण आहे.

124.‘शेवंतीही या ऋतूत फुलून यायची आणि हिरव्यागार बागेला झेंडूची सोनपिवळी किनार’ यातील अधोरेखित काय आहे ?

(1) केवलप्रयोगी अव्यय
(2) शब्दयोगी अव्यय
(3) उभयान्वयी अव्यय
(4) क्रियाविशेषण अव्यय

Why: ‘आणि’ हा शब्द दोन वाक्यांना जोडतो. म्हणून तो उभयान्वयी अव्यय आहे.

125.सृष्टीचे सौंदर्य लेखिकेला कशात दिसते ?

(1) फुलांच्या क्षणभंगूरतेत
(2) फुलांच्या नाजूकपणात
(3) फुलांच्या उधळणीत
(4) फुलांवरील कवितेत

Why: लेखिका म्हणते - सृष्टीचे सारे सौंदर्य परमेश्वराने फुलांत उधळले आहे.

126.लेखिकेला न आवडणारे फुल कोणते ?

(1) गोकर्णी
(2) पांढरी कोरांटी
(3) बोगनवेल
(4) गुलबक्षी

Why: लेखिका म्हणते - बोगनवेलीचे कागदी फूल मला कधीच आवडले नाही.

127.फुलांच्या बाबतीत लेखिकेला कशामुळे दुःख वाटते ?

(1) फुलांचे नाजूकपण
(2) फुलांचे अल्पायुष्य
(3) फुलांचे आकार
(4) फुलांचे रंग

Why: फुले क्षणभंगुरतेचा शाप घेऊन येतात आणि लवकर मातीत मिसळतात. त्यांचे अल्पायुष्य लेखिकेला दुःख देते.

128.‘मला फुले आवडतात’ यातील अधोरेखित काय आहे ?

(1) क्रियापद
(2) कर्म
(3) कर्ता
(4) विशेषण

Why: ‘आवडतात’ या शब्दाने वाक्याचा अर्थ पूर्ण होतो. म्हणून ते क्रियापद आहे.

Source text not reproduced. This question and the ones that follow it are based on an extract that is still in copyright, so it is not reprinted here. Read it in the official question paper, then use the questions below.

129.‘सव्वा नऊ-साडे नऊ वाजता वडील शाळेत जायला निघत.’ या वाक्यातील अधोरेखित शब्द ओळखा.

(1) संख्याविशेषण
(2) विशेषनाम
(3) सर्वनाम
(4) क्रियापद

Why: हे शब्द वेळेची संख्या दाखवतात. म्हणून ते संख्याविशेषण आहेत.

130.‘बाजरीच्या भाकरी’ हे काय आहे ?

(1) भाववाचक नाम
(2) विशेषनाम
(3) नाम
(4) सर्वनाम

Why: ‘भाकरी’ हे एका पदार्थाचे सामान्य नाव आहे. म्हणून ते नाम आहे.

131.लेखिकेचा आवडता छंद कोणता ?

(1) शाळेत जाणे
(2) पावसाचे तुषार उडवणे
(3) वडिलांबरोबर जेवण करणे
(4) कौलारांवरच्या पावसाचा आवाज ऐकणे

Why: लेखिका म्हणते - डोळे मिटून कौलारावर वाजणारा पाऊस ऐकणे हा माझा आवडता उद्योग.

132.‘पारदर्शक’ या शब्दाचा विरुद्धार्थी शब्द ओळखा.

(1) ऊर्जा
(2) अपारदर्शक
(3) वास्तवता
(4) स्वच्छता

Why: ‘अ’ उपसर्ग लावून पारदर्शक शब्दाचा विरुद्धार्थी अपारदर्शक होतो.

133.‘आईचा सगळा स्वयंपाक झालेला असे.’ यातील अधोरेखित काय आहे ?

(1) शब्दयोगी अव्यय
(2) अकर्मक क्रियापद
(3) संयुक्त क्रियापद
(4) सकर्मक क्रियापद

Why: ‘झालेला’ (धातुसाधित) आणि ‘असे’ (सहायक क्रियापद) मिळून एक क्रिया दाखवतात. म्हणून हे संयुक्त क्रियापद आहे.

134.‘पांढरेशुभ्र तलम असे टाटा फिनलेचे धोतर’ यातील अधोरेखित काय आहे ?

(1) विशेषनाम
(2) विशेषण
(3) कर्म
(4) अव्यय

Why: ‘पांढरेशुभ्र’ आणि ‘तलम’ हे शब्द ‘धोतर’ या नामाचे वर्णन करतात. म्हणून ते विशेषण आहेत.

135.‘तुषार’ या शब्दाचा समानार्थी शब्द कोणता ?

(1) धारा
(2) पाणी
(3) बिंदू
(4) फवारे

Why: तुषार म्हणजे पाण्याचे बारीक उडणारे थेंब, म्हणजेच फवारे.

136.“अश्विनीला ओरिया भाषा तिच्या जन्मापासून येते आणि ती इंग्रजी आणि हिंदी शिकते.” या विधानाच्या आधारे पुढीलपैकी कोणता पर्याय हा बरोबर नाही ?

(1) तिचे इंग्रजी शिक्षण म्हणजे भाषा आत्मसात करणे आहे.
(2) तिचे ओरिया शिक्षण म्हणजे भाषा आत्मसात करणे आहे.
(3) तिचे हिंदी शिक्षण म्हणजे भाषा शिक्षण
(4) तिचे इंग्रजी शिक्षण म्हणजे भाषा शिक्षण

Why: ओरिया जन्मापासून सहज आत्मसात झाली. इंग्रजी आणि हिंदी ती शिकते, म्हणून ते भाषा शिक्षण आहे. विधान 1 चुकीचे आहे.

137.नैमित्तिक प्रेरणा तेंव्हा असते जेंव्हा __________

(1) माणूस पुस्तक लिहिण्यासाठी भाषा शिकतो.
(2) माणूस रोजगारासारख्या कारणास्तव भाषा शिकतो.
(3) माणूस त्या मूळभाषक लोकांशी जवळीक साधण्यासाठी भाषा शिकतो.
(4) माणूस त्या लोकांच्या सामाजिक, धार्मिक सोहळ्यांसाठी भाषा शिकतो.

Why: रोजगारासारख्या उपयुक्त कारणासाठी भाषा शिकणे म्हणजे नैमित्तिक प्रेरणा.

138.कृपा आणि करण हे दोघे जुळे भाऊ मणिपुरीची एक बोली वापरतात मात्र बोलताना त्यांच्यात फरक जाणवतो. बोलीभाषा बोलण्याची त्यांची वैयक्तिक शैली म्हणजे __________.

(1) मणिपुरी (Manipuri)
(2) आयडियोलेक्ट (Idiolect)
(3) बोली (Dialect)
(4) भाषण कृती (Speech Act)

Why: प्रत्येक व्यक्तीची बोलण्याची स्वतःची खास पद्धत म्हणजे आयडियोलेक्ट.

139.भारतीय राज्य घटनेमध्ये इंग्रजीला कोणता दर्जा देण्यात आला आहे ?

(1) संवैधानिक संस्थांची भाषा
(2) कार्यालयीन भाषा
(3) सहयोगी कार्यालयीन भाषा
(4) विदेशी भाषा

Why: संघाची राजभाषा हिंदी आहे. इंग्रजी ही सहयोगी कार्यालयीन भाषा आहे.

140.प्रत्येक विद्यार्थ्याच्या स्वतंत्रपणे उणिवा आणि क्षमता जाणून घेण्यासाठी केलेली चाचणी म्हणजे __________.

(1) संस्कारक्षम चाचणी (Formative test)
(2) उद्दिष्ट चाचणी (Objective test)
(3) वैधता चाचणी (Validity test)
(4) नैदानिक चाचणी (Diagnostic test)

Why: नैदानिक चाचणीतून विद्यार्थ्याच्या नेमक्या उणिवा आणि क्षमता कळतात.

141.अदितीला भूतकाळाचे नियम माहित आहेत, पण तिला त्याचा योग्य संदर्भात वापर करता येत नाही. तिला कोणत्या प्रकारचे ज्ञान आहे ?

(1) ज्ञानाचे उपयोजन (Application of Knowledge)
(2) भाषा आत्मसात करण्याचे तंत्र (Language acquisition device)
(3) प्रक्रियात्मक ज्ञान (Procedural Knowledge)
(4) निर्देशक ज्ञान (Declarative Knowledge)

Why: तिला नियम माहीत आहेत पण वापरता येत नाहीत. नियमांचे ज्ञान म्हणजे निर्देशक ज्ञान.

142.भाषेच्या संदर्भात पुढीलपैकी कोणते विधान बरोबर नाही ?

(1) काही भाषा फक्त विज्ञान आणि अभियांत्रिकी चांगल्या प्रकारे समजवू शकतात.
(2) भाषा ओळख अभिव्यक्त करते.
(3) भाषा ही इतिहासाचे अवशेष आहे.
(4) मानवीय ज्ञानात भाषा भर टाकते.

Why: प्रत्येक भाषा विज्ञानासह कोणताही विषय व्यक्त करू शकते. कोणतीही भाषा स्वभावतः विज्ञानासाठी श्रेष्ठ नसते.

143.भाषावर्गात प्रकल्प विकसित करणे आणि प्रकल्प कार्य करणे यात कोणत्या क्रमाने क्रिया सहभागी असतात ?

(1) शिक्षक आणि विद्यार्थी त्यांना हवा तसा प्रकल्प तयार करून सादर करू शकतात.
(2) गट निर्मिती, नियोजन, माहिती संग्रहण, माहितीचे विश्लेषण, आराखडा लिहिणे, विषय ठरवणे, अंतिम अहवाल तयार करणे.
(3) गट निर्मिती, विषय ठरवणे, नियोजन, माहिती संग्रहण, माहितीचे विश्लेषण, आराखडा लिहिणे, अंतिम अहवाल तयार करणे.
(4) गट निर्मिती, विषय ठरवणे, नियोजन, माहिती संग्रहण, आराखडा लिहिणे, माहितीचे विश्लेषण, अंतिम अहवाल तयार करणे.

Why: नियोजनापूर्वी विषय ठरतो आणि आराखडा लिहिण्यापूर्वी माहितीचे विश्लेषण होते. हा क्रम फक्त पर्याय 3 मध्ये आहे.

144.“ऐकणे” यासाठी अधोगामी (Top-down) पद्धतीत याचा समावेश असतो.

(1) प्रत्येक ध्वनी, शब्द, कथन, पदबंध आणि वाक्य ऐकणे.
(2) विशिष्ट तपशिलावर भर देणे.
(3) व्याख्यान, मजकूर किंवा ध्वनिफितीचा आशय ऐकणे.
(4) व्याख्यान, मजकूर किंवा ध्वनिफितीतील एकूण संदेश ऐकणे.

Why: अधोगामी पद्धतीत श्रोता पूर्वज्ञानाच्या आधारे एकूण संदेश समजून घेतो. ध्वनीनुसार ऐकणे ही ऊर्ध्वगामी पद्धती आहे.

145.इयत्ता सातवीच्या शिक्षिकेला लेखन कार्यात एका माणसाचे तपशील लिहायला सांगायचे आहेत. ती वर्गाबाहेर जाऊन एका फेरीवाल्याला त्याच्या टोपलीसह घेऊन येते. ती त्याला जवळपास सात मिनिटे वर्गात थांबायला सांगते आणि विद्यार्थ्यांना गटात बसून त्या फेरीवाल्याचे विवरण/तपशील लिहिण्यास सांगते. या उपक्रमात त्या फेरीवाल्याची काय भूमिका आहे ?

(1) साधन
(2) शिक्षण सहाय्यक
(3) फेरीवाला
(4) उपक्रमात सहभाग घेणारा

Why: फेरीवाला लेखनासाठी प्रत्यक्ष आदान म्हणून वापरला आहे. म्हणून तो इथे साधन आहे.

146.इयत्ता सातवीची शिक्षिका मुलांना मजकुरातील लोक आणि समाज यांचे महत्त्व आणि ओळख या बद्दल समजून घेण्यास सांगते. या उपक्रमातून शिक्षिकेला विद्यार्थ्यांच्या कोणत्या क्षमतेला उत्तेजन देण्याचे लक्ष्य आहे ?

(1) साहित्यिक कौशल्य
(2) भाषा साक्षरता
(3) सर्जनशील साक्षरता
(4) विश्लेषणात्मक वाचन

Why: इंग्रजी प्रश्नात पर्याय 3 ‘Critical literacy’ (समीक्षात्मक साक्षरता) असा आहे. मजकुरातील सत्ता आणि ओळख तपासत वाचणे ही समीक्षात्मक साक्षरता आहे.

147.राष्ट्रीय शैक्षणिक नीती (NEP) 2020 ने पुरस्कृत केलेल्या अभिजात भाषेच्या अभ्यासासंदर्भात पुढीलपैकी कोणते विधान योग्य आहे ?

(1) अभिजात भाषेचा माध्यमिक पातळीवर एक मुख्य भाषा म्हणून अभ्यास
(2) अभिजात भाषेचा माध्यमिक पातळीवर एक अतिरिक्त भाषा म्हणून अभ्यास
(3) अभिजात भाषेचा त्रिभाषा धोरणातील एक भाषा म्हणून अभ्यास
(4) अभिजात भाषेचा पूर्व तयारीच्या (Preparatory) पातळीवर अभ्यास

Why: NEP 2020 मध्ये अभिजात भाषा माध्यमिक स्तरावर अतिरिक्त पर्याय म्हणून दिल्या आहेत.

148.पुढील उतारा वाचा आणि मजकूर कोणत्या विषयाच्या नोंदीशी संबंधित आहे ते सुचवा.
“क्रांती झाल्यानंतर, अचानक हे बदलता येऊ शकते असे वाटले. युरोप आणि एशिया सह जगातील अनेक भागात वैयक्तिक अधिकार आणि नियंत्रित सामाजिक अधिकार याबाबत नवीन विचारांवर चर्चेला सुरुवात झाली. भारतात, राजा राममोहन राय आणि डिरोझियो यांनी फ्रेन्च राज्य क्रांतीच्या प्रस्तुततेची चर्चा केली. वसाहतींच्या विकासानंतर या विचारांची सामाजिक परिवर्तनाच्या संदर्भात पुनर्मांडणी झाली.”

(1) क्रांती नोंद
(2) विज्ञान नोंद
(3) राजकीय नोंद
(4) समाजविज्ञान नोंद

Why: हा मजकूर इतिहासाच्या पाठ्यपुस्तकातील आहे. त्याची शैली समाजविज्ञान नोंदीची आहे.

149.इयत्ता आठवीचे शिक्षक सुभाष खेदाने म्हणतात, “भाषिक मूल्यमापन सर्वसाधारणपणे ग्रहण कौशल्यांना (Receptive Skills) महत्त्व देत नाही.” त्यांच्या मते ग्रहण कौशल्ये म्हणजे __________.

(1) बोलणे आणि लिहिणे
(2) ऐकणे आणि लिहिणे
(3) बोलणे आणि वाचणे
(4) ऐकणे आणि वाचणे

Why: ऐकणे आणि वाचणे ही ग्रहण कौशल्ये आहेत, कारण यांत आपण भाषा ग्रहण करतो.

150.विद्यार्थ्याला कळते, समजते की भाषा ही एक व्यवस्था म्हणून कार्य करते __________.

(1) धोरणात्मक सामर्थ्य (Strategic Competence)
(2) संज्ञापनात्मक सामर्थ्य (Communicative Competence)
(3) व्यवस्थाधिष्ठित सामर्थ्य (Systemic Competence)
(4) समाजभाषा वैज्ञानिक सामर्थ्य (Sociolinguistic Competence)

Why: भाषा एक व्यवस्था म्हणून कार्य करते हे समजून वापरणे म्हणजे व्यवस्थाधिष्ठित सामर्थ्य.

CTET December 2024 — Paper II (Maths and Science)

Choose your language papers

Central Teacher Eligibility Test — December 2024
Paper II (Maths and Science)

Part I — Child Development and Pedagogy

Part II — Mathematics and Science

Part IV — Language I — English

Part V — Language II — Marathi

Answer Key

CTET December 2024 — Paper II (Maths and Science)

Choose your language papers

Central Teacher Eligibility Test — December 2024Paper II (Maths and Science)

Part I — Child Development and Pedagogy

Part II — Mathematics and Science

Part IV — Language I — English

Part V — Language II — Marathi

Answer Key

Central Teacher Eligibility Test — December 2024
Paper II (Maths and Science)