MAK LABS — CTET 14 December 2024 Paper I Question Paper with Answer Key

1.Mastery oriented learners typically attribute success to __________ and failure to __________.

(1) ability and good luck; task difficulty
(2) ability and effort; bad luck
(3) ability and good luck; low ability
(4) ability and effort; insufficient effort

Why: Mastery oriented learners believe effort matters. They credit success to ability and effort. They blame failure on not trying hard enough, which they can change.

2.Which of the following statement represents ‘Proximodistal’ principle of development?

(1) Development is multidirectional and multidimensional.
(2) Identical twins living in different cultures can develop at different rates.
(3) Children develop ability to grasp the ball before putting beads in thread.
(4) Children develop ability to sit up before standing.

Why: Proximodistal means development moves from the centre of the body outwards. Control of the arm (grasping a ball) comes before fine finger control (threading beads). Sitting before standing is cephalocaudal (head to toe).

3.According to Vygotsky children speak to themselves:

(1) To aid thought and for self-regulation.
(2) To provide self-reinforcement when adults are ignoring them.
(3) Because they are egocentric.
(4) Because their thought is illogical.

Why: For Vygotsky, private speech is a tool of thought. Children talk to themselves to guide and control their own actions. Calling it egocentric is Piaget’s view.

4.Challenges in social communication are evident in:

(1) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
(2) Cerebral palsy
(3) Autism Spectrum Disorder
(4) Learning Disabilities

Why: Difficulty in social communication and interaction is a core feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder.

5.According to Vygotsky’s theory of learning and development, which of the following is an example of scaffolding?

(1) Breaking a task down into smaller steps and providing support as needed.
(2) Providing a student with a grade for their work as motivation.
(3) Providing a student with a reading assignment and asking them to answer questions independently.
(4) Demonstrating a skill to a student and then having them master it on their own.

Why: Scaffolding is temporary help matched to the child’s need. The teacher breaks the task into steps and supports the child until he can do it alone.

6.Dysgraphia is characterised by:

(1) Delayed motor skills
(2) Difficulties in writing
(3) Lack of reading fluency
(4) Repetitive behavioural patterns

Why: Dysgraphia is a learning difficulty related to writing. Lack of reading fluency points to dyslexia.

7.In order to help students to become good problem solvers, a teacher should emphasize on the practice of:

(1) focusing on information that confirms existing beliefs and preconceptions.
(2) approaching problems in a particular fixed fashion.
(3) breaking large complex problems into smaller manageable problems.
(4) centering only on one particular piece of information related to problem.

Why: Breaking a big problem into small parts makes it easier to solve. The other options are barriers: confirmation bias, mental set and centration.

8.Assertion (A): Teachers should use multisensory materials to cater to needs of students in an inclusive classroom.
Reason (R): Inclusive classrooms should adopt standardization of curricular materials as well as assessment strategies.
Choose the correct option:

(1) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(2) Both (A) and (R) are false.
(3) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(4) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Why: Multisensory materials help every learner, so (A) is true. Inclusion needs flexible materials and assessment, not standard ones, so (R) is false.

9.In the constructivist view:

(1) Individuals are passively influenced by environmental events.
(2) Individuals are conditioned to learn new behaviours.
(3) Learning is extending and transforming the current understanding.
(4) Learning is simply writing associations on the blank slates of our brains.

Why: Constructivism says learners actively build knowledge. They extend and change what they already understand. The other options describe behaviourism.

10.Assertion (A): Effective teachers familiarize themselves with daily lives and socio-cultural backgrounds of learners.
Reason (R): Learning takes place in a social context.
Choose the correct option.

(1) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(2) Both (A) and (R) are false.
(3) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(4) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Why: Learning happens in a social context. So a good teacher learns about children’s lives and backgrounds. Both are true and (R) explains (A).

11.Meaningful learning is primarily NOT about:

(1) memorizing information
(2) understanding the concept
(3) constructing knowledge
(4) developing skills

Why: Meaningful learning means understanding and building knowledge. Rote memorizing is the opposite of it.

12.Assertion (A): Teacher should encourage boys of her class to participate in sports while assigning art decoration to girls.
Reason (R): Children acquire gender roles primarily because of the underlying biological differences.
Choose the correct option.

(1) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(2) Both (A) and (R) are false.
(3) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(4) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Why: Giving tasks by gender builds stereotypes, so (A) is false. Gender roles are learnt from society, not mainly from biology, so (R) is also false.

13.Kinesthetic learners prefer to learn through __________.

(1) seeing
(2) touching
(3) doing and moving
(4) listening

Why: Kinesthetic learners learn best through body movement and hands-on activity.

14.According to Howard Gardner while a scientist would exhibit high __________ Intelligence, a sculptor would have high __________ Intelligence.

(1) Naturalistic; Spatial
(2) Transductive; Spatial
(3) Logical-mathematical; Bodily Kinesthetic
(4) Spatial; Bodily Kinesthetic

Why: A scientist uses reasoning and numbers (logical-mathematical). A sculptor uses skilled hand and body movement (bodily-kinesthetic).

15.Inclusion needs to be promoted through:
(i) Flexible curriculum
(ii) Cooperative learning
(iii) Segregation and labelling
(iv) Accessibility of building

(1) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(2) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(3) (i) (ii) (iii)
(4) (i) (ii) (iv)

Why: Flexible curriculum, cooperative learning and accessible buildings support inclusion. Segregation and labelling work against it.

16.Children learn better if they experience:

(1) Low level of alertness during activity
(2) Moderate level of excitement to learn
(3) High degree of anxiety to perform
(4) Learned helplessness

Why: A moderate level of arousal keeps children alert and interested. Too little or too much (anxiety) lowers learning.

17.Assertion (A): Children below the age of 5 - 6 years should not be pressurized to write ‘properly’ and ‘within the lines’.
Reason (R): Children gain a control of finer motor skills from 5 - 6 years onwards.
Choose the correct option.

(1) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(2) Both (A) and (R) are false.
(3) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(4) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Why: Fine motor control develops around 5–6 years. So younger children should not be forced to write neatly. (R) explains (A).

18.Children often come up with their own explanations of events around them. On being probed as to why does it rain Sia says - “God was tired of carrying the buckets of water on his shoulders”. Such explanations:

(1) Depict that children have an egocentric view and cannot consider other’s viewpoint.
(2) Illustrate that children are not capable of any reasoning.
(3) Prove that children’s thinking is much lesser than adults quantitively.
(4) Indicate that children have naïve understanding rooted in their cultural context with which they try to understand events.

Why: Children build their own ideas from what they hear around them. Sia’s answer is a naïve theory shaped by her culture. It is a sign of thinking, not a lack of it.

19.Piaget described cognitive development as occurring in:

(1) A continuous continuum
(2) Four overlapping culture specific stages
(3) Four qualitatively different stages
(4) Three progressive levels

Why: Piaget gave four stages: sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational and formal operational. Each stage is different in kind of thinking.

20.During play time at school, Rishab, a 7-year-old boy picked a doll to play with. Some of his peers made fun of him for his choice of toy. As a teacher who wants his students to grow up with gender role flexibility, which of the following would be the best response to the situation by the teacher?

(1) Talk to Rishabh that dolls are suitable for girls and boys should not play with dolls.
(2) Tell Rishabh that he should play with something else because his friends won’t approve of him playing with doll.
(3) Let Rishabh play with doll and tell other children that they can also choose any toy of their choice.
(4) Quitely take away the doll and give a car toy to Rishabh without saying anything.

Why: Toys have no gender. Letting Rishabh play and telling all children they may choose any toy breaks the stereotype.

21.In developmental terms, a time frame where an individual upholds an amplified sensitivity to particular incentives for developing particular skills to function in an efficient manner is referred to as __________ of development.

(1) Incentive period
(2) Stimulus period
(3) Critical period
(4) Encoding period

Why: A critical (sensitive) period is a time when a child is most ready to learn a particular skill, such as language.

22.In order to cater to needs of students struggling with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder teachers should avoid:

(1) Creating distractions and making noises
(2) Flexibility in curricular materials and instructions
(3) Breaking the task into small easily manageable parts
(4) Using multi-sensory materials

Why: Children with ADHD get distracted easily. So noise and distractions must be avoided. The other options help them.

23.Lawrence Kohlberg argued that:

(1) moral development in children occurs in a continuous manner.
(2) there are cultural differences in moral reasoning of children.
(3) moral development occurs progressively in stages.
(4) there are gender differences in moral reasoning of children.

Why: Kohlberg described three levels and six stages of moral reasoning. Children move through them in order.

24.At which level of Kohlberg’s moral development does individual’s ethical behavior mainly depends on the mindset that “what do people think of me”?

(1) Postconventional
(2) Non-conventional
(3) Preconventional
(4) Conventional

Why: At the conventional level, a person wants approval and follows social rules. The “good boy–good girl” stage belongs here.

25.According to Jean Piaget a child who is unable to understand the logic behind simple mathematical reversals such as 4+5=9 so 9−5=4, it is because of:

(1) animistic thinking
(2) irreversibility
(3) egocentrism
(4) perceptual centration

Why: A pre-operational child cannot mentally reverse an action. This is called irreversibility.

26.Assertion (A): Teachers should distance themselves from students and place primary responsibility for learning on them only.
Reason (R): Learning takes place affectively in an authoritative rather than a democratic environment.
Choose the correct option.

(1) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(2) Both (A) and (R) are false.
(3) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(4) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Why: Teachers should guide and support learners, not stay away. Learning grows in a democratic, friendly classroom. So both statements are false.

27.Assertion (A): Scaffolding provided by the teachers hinders the learning process of children.
Reason (R): Lev Vygotsky proposed that children learn independently by acting upon and manipulating the environment.
Choose the correct option:

(1) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(2) Both (A) and (R) are false.
(3) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(4) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Why: Scaffolding helps learning, so (A) is false. Vygotsky stressed social interaction; learning alone by acting on objects is Piaget’s idea. So (R) is also false.

28.Which of the following correctly describes extrinsic motivation?

(1) Motivation that comes from environmental consequences.
(2) Motivation that comes from a sense of personal satisfaction.
(3) Motivation that comes from personal enjoyment of the task.
(4) Motivation that comes from internal factors.

Why: Extrinsic motivation comes from outside, such as rewards, marks or praise. The other options describe intrinsic motivation.

29.Two important cognitive development milestones of sensorimotor stage of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development are:

(1) Animism and Transformation
(2) Classification and seriation
(3) Object permanence and deferred imitation
(4) Reversibility of thought and hypothetic-deductive reasoning

Why: In the sensorimotor stage (0–2 years) the child learns that objects exist even when hidden. The child also begins to imitate actions seen earlier.

30.Children -

(1) Are born unruly and need to be socialized.
(2) Come into this world with genetic codes that determine their destiny.
(3) Are greatly influenced by the social cultural context they grow up in.
(4) Come into this world as tabula rasa or blank slate.

Why: A child’s development is shaped by the social and cultural setting in which he grows up.

31.What is the result when 7 kg 7 g is subtracted from 9 kg?

(1) 1.93 kg
(2) 1.093 kg
(3) 1.3 kg
(4) 1.993 kg

Why: 7 kg 7 g = 7.007 kg. So 9 − 7.007 = 1.993 kg.

32.In class III, 150 children were asked to name their one favourite fruit and results for 5 favourite fruits were written in the form of the following table:

Name of the Fruit	Number of Children
Apple	28
Guava	26
Mangoes	44
Banana	14
Grapes	28

Choose the correct option:

(1) Equal number of children have Apple and Guava as their favourite fruit.
(2) The difference between the number of childrens who like grapes and those who like bananas is 16.
(3) The number of children who like Mangoes and Banana is two times the number of children who like Guava.
(4) Ten children do not like any fruit given in the table.

Why: Total in the table = 28 + 26 + 44 + 14 + 28 = 140. So 150 − 140 = 10 children like none of these fruits.

33.Which of the following is least appropriate about Formative Assessment in mathematics classrooms?

(1) It helps to identify students’ misconceptions
(2) It provides cumulative evaluations that helps to rank children
(3) To check the progress of students during instructional activities
(4) To identify students’ conceptual understanding

Why: Formative assessment goes on during teaching to improve learning. Cumulative evaluation for ranking is summative assessment.

34.A person withdrew ₹ 4,560 from his bank account on 4th of a month and deposited ₹ 2,567 on 20th of the same month. If at the end of the month, balance is ₹ 3,125, then money (in ₹) at the start of the month in his account was:

(1) 5,128
(2) 5,118
(3) 4,998
(4) 5,213

Why: Work backwards. Start = 3,125 + 4,560 − 2,567 = ₹ 5,118.

35.A primary class mathematics teacher gave his students the following problem to solve:
“How many classes of 28 pupils would be needed for a school of 616 pupils?”
One of the student solved the problem in the following way:

1 Class = 28 Pupils
10 → 280
10 → 280
560
2 → 56 → 10 + 10 + 2 = 22 Classes
616

Which of the following is most appropriate for the algorithm used by the student?

(1) The student has used both the distributive and associative laws of division to solve the problem
(2) The student has used an incorrect algorithm to solve the problem
(3) The student has used the associative law of division across addition to solve the problem
(4) The student has used the distributive law of division across addition to solve the problem

Why: The student split 616 into 280 + 280 + 56 and divided each part by 28. This uses the distributive property of division over addition.

36.A triangle having all sides of different lengths is called:

(1) A scalene triangle
(2) A right triangle
(3) An equilateral triangle
(4) An isosceles triangle

Why: A triangle with all three sides unequal is a scalene triangle.

37.The sum of the prime numbers between 31 and 60 is:

(1) 280
(2) 311
(3) 221
(4) 227

Why: Primes between 31 and 60 are 37, 41, 43, 47, 53 and 59. Their sum is 280.

38.The product of the predecessor of 201 and the successor of 4781 is:

(1) 965560
(2) 965650
(3) 956200
(4) 956400

Why: Predecessor of 201 is 200. Successor of 4781 is 4782. 200 × 4782 = 956400.

39.What is the most appropriate cognitive skill that help students to recognize and group shapes according to their attributes and properties?

(1) Conservation
(2) Decomposition
(3) Classification
(4) Seriation

Why: Grouping objects by common properties is classification.

40.Students feel difficulty in solving division problems because:

(1) Division problems have no utility in daily life.
(2) There are no informal ways of solving division problems
(3) For solving division problems students need to know addition, subtraction and multiplication thoroughly.
(4) Students do not like the sign of division.

Why: Division uses all the other three operations. A gap in any of them makes division hard.

41.Most II graders are able to add two quantities like four candies and three candies, but when asked to do 4+5 on a worksheet a large number of the same set of learners is unable to do so. What is the most appropriate explanation of this observation according to National Curriculum Framework 2005?

(1) Learners are not interested in learning real-life mathematics
(2) The learners are not ready for the use of abstract mathematical symbols
(3) Learners are not taught addition properly
(4) Some learners are poor in mathematical skills

Why: The children can add real objects. They are not yet ready for abstract symbols on paper. Teaching should move from concrete to abstract.

42.A 3rd standard student, when asked to write one hundred and five in numeral form, s/he writes it as ‘1005’. This indicates that:

(1) s/he needs more help in understanding the concept of place value
(2) s/he is unfit to learn mathematics
(3) The student is a slow learner
(4) s/he is mischievous

Why: The child writes 100 and 5 side by side. This shows the place value concept is not clear yet.

43.Which of the following statements is NOT true with respect to the concept of Fractions?

(1) It represents a part of a collection of same objects
(2) The mathematical notation of a fraction can be represented as a ratio
(3) It represents a part of a whole which is greater than 1
(4) The mathematical notation of a fraction can be represented as a division problem

Why: A part of a whole is less than the whole (less than 1). So statement (3) is not true.

44.Radha walks 3 km 725 m per day on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, whereas she walks 2 km 9 m per day on Tuesday and Thursday. Total distance covered by her from Monday to Friday is:

(1) 15.355 km
(2) 15.193 km
(3) 16.975 km
(4) 16.202 km

Why: 3 × 3.725 = 11.175 km and 2 × 2.009 = 4.018 km. Total = 15.193 km.

45.Jasmine said, “A rectangle has two pairs of opposite sides parallel; a square also has two pairs of opposite sides parallel and so does a parallelogram. So, both rectangle and square are also parallelograms.”
Jasmine is at _________ stage of Van Hieles theory of geometric thinking.

(1) Formal Deduction
(2) Visualization
(3) Analysis
(4) Relationships

Why: Jasmine relates properties of different shapes and sees one class inside another. This is the relationships (informal deduction) level.

46.The sum of the greatest and smallest six digit numbers that can be formed from the digits 5, 9, 0, 2, 8 and 6 (without repetition) is:

(1) 1192290
(2) 1192209
(3) 1292290
(4) 1292209

Why: Greatest = 986520. Smallest = 205689 (0 cannot be first). Sum = 1192209.

47.The missing numbers in the pattern 12, 14, 17, 13, 8, 14, 21, _, _ are respectively:

(1) 14, 5
(2) 13, 4
(3) 15, 7
(4) 12, 3

Why: The changes are +2, +3, −4, −5, +6, +7, so next come −8 and −9. 21 − 8 = 13 and 13 − 9 = 4.

48.The smallest four-digit number which is a multiple of 6, 7 and 4 is:

(1) 1006
(2) 1008
(3) 1000
(4) 1002

Why: LCM of 6, 7 and 4 is 84. 84 × 12 = 1008 is the smallest four-digit multiple.

49.Which of the following has a definite length?

(1) a ray
(2) a plane
(3) a line
(4) a line segment

Why: A line segment has two end points, so its length can be measured.

50.Which of the following is most appropriate for including open ended questions in mathematics class?

(1) These questions develop critical thinking in students
(2) Answers to these questions are not given in the book
(3) These questions take more time to solve
(4) These questions are not easy to copy from each other

Why: Open-ended questions have many possible answers. They make students think critically and creatively.

51.Which of the following statements are true with respect to ‘Data handling’?

(1) A line graph is used to show comparison among categories of data.
(2) A histogram is used to compare the parts of a whole.
(3) A graphical representation of data is easier to understand when there is a trend or comparison to be shown.
(4) A bar graph displays data that changes continuously over periods of time.

Why: Graphs make trends and comparisons easy to see. The other statements mix up the uses of line graphs, histograms and bar graphs.

52.How many planks of size 2 m × 35 cm × 8 cm can be made from a wooden block 8 m long, 70 cm wide and 40 cm thick?

(1) 45
(2) 40
(3) 50
(4) 48

Why: Number of planks = (800 × 70 × 40) ÷ (200 × 35 × 8) = 4 × 2 × 5 = 40.

53.A child solved a problem: ¹⁄₂ + ¹⁄₃ = ²⁄₅. What is the most appropriate inference drawn from the solution?

(1) Child does not know how to represent fractions on number line
(2) Child has extended the concept of addition of natural numbers to addition of fractions
(3) Child does not know addition of numbers
(4) Child does not know how to take L.C.M.

Why: The child added numerators and denominators like whole numbers. The rule for natural numbers has been wrongly extended to fractions.

54.According to National Education Policy 2020 Mathematics and Computational Thinking is to be given increased importance as:

(1) It is foundational to evolving technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), machine learning and Data Science etc
(2) It can be a substitute for a teacher
(3) It is the most difficult aspect of learning in school
(4) It is foundational to human survival

Why: NEP 2020 says mathematical and computational thinking will be important for future fields like AI, machine learning and data science.

55.According to National Curriculum Framework 2005 mathematics teachers need to shift towards:
(a) Promoting memorization and rigorous algorithms
(b) Mathematical reasoning and logic
(c) Becoming sole authority for right answers
Choose the correct option:

(1) Only (b)
(2) (b) and (c)
(3) Only (a)
(4) (a) and (b)

Why: NCF 2005 wants teaching to move from rote algorithms to reasoning. The teacher should not be the only authority for answers.

56.Which one of the following is the most effective way to introduce the concept of area to fourth graders?

(1) Formula based method
(2) Approximation and Estimation
(3) Tessellations
(4) Abacus

Why: Covering a surface with tiles without gaps (tessellation) shows what area means. Formulas can come later.

57.The value of ⁴⁄₇ + ⁵⁄₁₄ − ⁷⁄₈ is:

(1) ³⁄₅₆
(2) ⁵⁄₅₆
(3) ³⁄₁₄
(4) ⁵⁄₂₈

Why: LCM of 7, 14 and 8 is 56. ³²⁄₅₆ + ²⁰⁄₅₆ − ⁴⁹⁄₅₆ = ³⁄₅₆.

58.Which of the following letters has two lines of symmetry?

(1) E
(2) U
(3) H
(4) B

Why: H has one vertical and one horizontal line of symmetry. E, U and B have only one each.

59.Which of the following is NOT related to Indian mathematics?

(1) Surya Siddhant
(2) Baudhayan Sulba Sutra
(3) Lilavati
(4) Charak Samhita

Why: Charak Samhita is a text on Ayurveda (medicine). The others are works of Indian mathematics and astronomy.

60.The difference of the place values of 5 and 7 in the number 352876 is:

(1) 49997
(2) 50007
(3) 49930
(4) 49993

Why: Place value of 5 = 50000. Place value of 7 = 70. Difference = 49930.

61.Read the Assertion and Reason properly.
Assertion: An elephant herd has only female and baby elephants.
Reason: Male elephants leave their herd after 14 - 15 years and move around alone.
Choose the correct answer from the following:

(1) Assertion is true but Reason is false
(2) Assertion is false but Reason is true
(3) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
(4) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion

Why: Young males leave the herd at about 14–15 years. That is why the herd has only females and young ones. (R) explains (A).

62.Chapter 4 “Mangoes Round the Year” of NCERT Environmental Studies textbook has a story on making mango papad so that children not only understand the process and technique but also appreciate the skills of cooking and preservation. As per NCF 2005, which general objective of teaching EVS is being achieved through this lesson?

(1) To explain how much labor is needed to make an object.
(2) To discuss how various things can be made from the natural environment.
(3) To develop understanding with the help of observation and examples related to our experiences in place of abstraction.
(4) To develop an understanding of how Aam papad is made.

Why: EVS links learning to real experiences around the child instead of abstract ideas. The mango papad story does this.

63.Mohan is a class V teacher of Environmental Studies. He writes the following activity on the blackboard in his class. “Find out about the availability of water at the time of your parents and grandparents and compare it with the current situation.” For the above activity, which of the following strategies would be most appropriate?

(1) Role Play
(2) Project
(3) Discussion
(4) Interview

Why: Children must collect information over time, compare and report. Such an extended task is best done as a project.

64.Archana is a teacher of Environmental Studies teaching class IV. She forms two groups of children in her class and conducts a debate activity on the topic “Should the school have uniforms or not”. Why did Archana organize a debate in her class? Which of the following may not be the most appropriate reason?
(A) Debate gives children an opportunity to think about and understand different aspects of a topic.
(B) Children are encouraged to express their views in the classroom.
(C) Children get an opportunity to share their experiences in the classroom.
(D) Children assess the knowledge of their peers through debate.

(1) (A), (C) and (D)
(2) (B) and (D)
(3) (B), (C) and (D)
(4) (A), (B) and (C)

Why: [KEY] CBSE gave marks for all four options (key: Z = all). A debate is held to think about many sides of a topic and to express views. Assessing peers’ knowledge is not its aim, but no option lists only that reason.

65.Child describes different skilled work related to farming and their inheritance (from elders) in daily life.
The above statement is:

(1) Learning indicator
(2) Learning objective
(3) Statement of competency
(4) Learning outcome

Why: It states what a child should be able to do at the end of learning. NCERT calls such statements learning outcomes.

66.The state/union territory having coast on the Bay of Bengal is:

(1) Karnataka
(2) Kerala
(3) Telangana
(4) Andhra Pradesh

Why: Andhra Pradesh lies on the east coast along the Bay of Bengal. Karnataka and Kerala face the Arabian Sea. Telangana has no coast.

67.Lesson 13 in NCERT’s Class V Environmental Studies textbook describes the amazing journey of “Gaurav Jani”. This lesson is a part of which of the following themes?

(1) Interrelationship
(2) Work and Play
(3) Family and Friends
(4) Shelter

Why: Lesson 13 “A Shelter so High!” tells of Gaurav Jani’s stay with the Changpa people. It comes under the theme Shelter.

68.In a constructivist EVS classroom, which of the following is NOT seen to be happening?

(1) Children are just solving familiar problems.
(2) Children are using their experiences to make new connections between concepts.
(3) Children are learning by doing activities with concrete objects.
(4) Children’s experiences are being respected.

Why: A constructivist class gives children new problems to explore. Only repeating familiar problems does not build new knowledge.

69.Siddhi is a teacher of class 4. She takes all the children of her class to the playground to play Kabbadi, while teaching them lesson 10 “Hu tu tu, hu tu tu” of the NCERT Environmental Studies textbook. Before playing the game, she also explains the rules of this game to all the children. Why does the teacher tell the children the rules before playing this game? Which of the following may be the most appropriate reason?
(A) She wants to draw the attention of the children that in life like in sports, we make rules.
(B) So that all the work is done properly.
(C) We are all bound by the rules in the same way in the society by which we settle differences and conflicts among ourselves.
(D) By making rules, the attention of all children is much more on the rules than on the game.

(1) (C) and (D)
(2) (A) and (D)
(3) (A), (B) and (C)
(4) (A) and (B)

Why: Rules make the game fair and orderly. They also show that society runs on rules. (D) is not a sensible reason.

70.Read the following statements and choose the correct option.
Assertion (A): Biomass and Fossil Fuels are the two main conventional sources of energy.
Reason (R): Conventional sources are those which are renewable in nature.

(1) (A) is true, but (R) is false
(2) (A) is false, but (R) is true
(3) Both (A) and (R) are true
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false

Why: Firewood, dung (biomass) and fossil fuels are the main conventional sources. Fossil fuels are non-renewable, so (R) is false.

71.Consider the following statements A and B.
Statement A: In 1969, Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon.
Statement B: In 2007, Kalpana Chawla set a new record for the longest space flight by a woman.
Select the correct code from the following:

(1) A is correct but B is wrong
(2) A is wrong but B is correct
(3) A and B both are correct
(4) A and B both are wrong

Why: Neil Armstrong walked on the moon in 1969. The 2007 record was set by Sunita Williams; Kalpana Chawla died in 2003.

72.It has been observed that some mistakes are made while observing the learning and progress of children. These mistakes may be the result of our biases. Which of the following information should not be recorded as a bias?

(1) Samples of the children’s work in the portfolio.
(2) Prior experiences regarding the ability and performance of the children.
(3) Previous results related to the examination of any one subject and any area thereof.
(4) Social background of the child.

Why: Work samples in a portfolio are real evidence of learning. Judging a child by past results or social background can bring bias.

73.Read the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) carefully -
Assertion (A): The goats from which the soft pashmina wool is collected are found on very high altitudes of 5000 meters in extreme cold.
Reason (R): A coat of warm hair grows on goats body which protects it from extreme cold.
Choose the correct option from the following:

(1) (A) is true but (R) is false
(2) (A) is false but (R) is true
(3) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A)
(4) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not explain (A)

Why: Pashmina goats live high in the cold mountains. A thick warm coat grows on them to protect them, and this gives pashmina wool.

74.Read the statements I and II.
Statement I: Due to anaemia, children do not grow well, and their energy levels are low.
Statement II: Anaemia affects both, children’s physical as well as mental health.
Choose the correct answer from the following:

(1) I is true but II is false
(2) I is false but II is true
(3) Both I and II are true
(4) Both I and II are false

Why: Anaemia (lack of iron) causes tiredness and poor growth. It affects both the body and the mind.

75.Select the correct match from the following:

(1) Lavani - Tamil nadu
(2) Bharatnatyam - Odisha
(3) Kathak - Karnataka
(4) Bihu - Assam

Why: Bihu is the dance of Assam. Lavani is from Maharashtra, Bharatnatyam from Tamil Nadu and Kathak from North India.

76.Cows have Short front teeth and Large and flat side teeth for which one of the following?

(1) Cutting grass and gnawing grass respectively
(2) Gnawing grass and cutting grass respectively
(3) Snipping grass and chewing grass respectively
(4) Chewing grass and snipping grass respectively

Why: The front teeth snip (cut) the grass. The large flat side teeth chew it.

77.What is the reason why tales and stories have been given an important place in the textbooks of Environmental Studies? Which of the following may be the most appropriate reason?
(A) At the primary level, the teachers of Environmental Studies narrate tales and stories with interest, that is why they have been given an important place.
(B) The use of stories has often been considered important in developing children’s sensitivity to environmental issues.
(C) Because children easily relate themselves to the characters of the story, that is why they have been given an important place in the textbooks.
(D) Tales and stories are liked by the society, that is why they have been given an important place in the textbooks of the environment.

(1) (C) and (D)
(2) (A) and (B)
(3) (A) and (D)
(4) (B) and (C)

Why: Stories build sensitivity to environmental issues. Children also connect easily with the characters.

78.In the following question, Assertion and Reason are followed. Read the statements carefully and choose the correct option from the following:
Assertion: In the lessons of NCERT’s Environmental Studies textbook, real incidents of common life, everyday problems and some burning problems related to today have been kept.
Reason: Children can debate openly on all these problems, be aware of the problems, be sensitive to them and make correct understanding.

(1) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(2) Assertion is false but Reason is true.
(3) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(4) Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

Why: Real-life problems are included so that children discuss them and become aware and sensitive. (R) explains (A).

79.How much time ‘boiled milk’ takes for digestion in the stomach? Choose the correct answer from the following:

(1) 4 hours
(2) 5 hours
(3) 2 hours
(4) 3 hours

Why: As per the official key, boiled milk takes about 2 hours to digest in the stomach.

80.A person would not drown in the dead sea or a salty lake even if the person does not know how to swim. This is due to:

(1) neither high nor low density of sea water
(2) volume of sea water
(3) high density of sea water
(4) low density of sea water

Why: The Dead Sea has a lot of salt, so its water is very dense. Dense water gives more upthrust, so a person floats.

81.Which one of the following is a group consisting of elements only?

(1) Steel, Iron, Zinc
(2) Tin, Lithium, Sodium
(3) Sodium, Brass, Potassium
(4) Bronze, Copper, Aluminium

Why: Tin, lithium and sodium are all elements. Steel, brass and bronze are alloys (mixtures).

82.A teacher of Environmental Studies, while conducting an activity with some children, observes some important incidents and also makes a descriptive note of the same. Which of the following may be the tool of assessment?

(1) Observation List
(2) Anecdotal Records
(3) Rating Scale
(4) Portfolio

Why: A short written description of an important incident is an anecdotal record.

83.Two Indian birds make nests which hang from the branches of trees or bushes. These two birds are:

(1) Barbet and Sun-bird
(2) Tailor bird and Indian Robin
(3) Indian Robin and Weaver bird
(4) Sun-bird and Tailor bird

Why: The sunbird makes a pouch-like nest that hangs from a twig. The tailor bird stitches leaves into a hanging nest.

84.Read the statements A and B carefully -
Statement A: During the cold season lizards go into a long and deep sleep.
Statement B: Some animals go into a long, deep sleep in certain seasons.
Choose the correct answer from the following:

(1) ‘A’ is correct but ‘B’ is incorrect.
(2) ‘A’ is incorrect but ‘B’ is correct.
(3) Both ‘A’ and ‘B’ are correct and ‘B’ explains ‘A’.
(4) Both ‘A’ and ‘B’ are correct but ‘B’ does not explain ‘A’.

Why: Some animals sleep for a long time in certain seasons. Lizards do this in the cold season. So B explains A.

85.A teacher in his environmental studies class, divides the children into groups and asks them to collect some objects present in the school. After that he sits with the children and asks them to distribute those objects into different groups. Children divide objects into different groups on the basis of their properties. What could be the most appropriate purpose for the teacher to conduct this activity?

(1) Activity strengthens the cognitive domain to a greater extent than the other domains of learning in children.
(2) The activity develops the child’s understanding of all the concepts.
(3) At the primary stage, children learn better by interacting with each other.
(4) By doing the activity, children make very few mistakes in understanding the definition and facts.

Why: Children work in groups and discuss while sorting. At the primary stage, such peer interaction helps learning.

86.Rakesh is a teacher of Environmental Studies of class V. He asks the children in his class to do an activity. In which, all children observe which “object floats in water and which sinks in water”? After the activity some children ask the teacher why some objects sink in water and some objects float in water. What is the most appropriate thing a teacher should do in the following situation?
(A) The teacher should tell the children that this is happening because of the density.
(B) Give each child the freedom to observe, record their observations, and interpret those observations.
(C) Provide opportunity to each child to hypothesize, test and make activity based generalizations.
(D) Teacher should say that the main reason for this you will understand in your higher classes.

(1) (C) and (D)
(2) (A) only
(3) (A), (B) and (C)
(4) (B) and (C)

Why: Children should find the answer themselves by observing, guessing and testing. Giving the answer or postponing it stops inquiry.

87.It is 10 A.M. now in India today, it is around noon of today in _________.

(1) Japan
(2) Singapore
(3) London
(4) Karachi

Why: Singapore is 2½ hours ahead of India, so it is about 12:30 p.m. there. London and Karachi are behind India.

88.In a child centered EVS classroom, which of the following activities would be LEAST likely to occur?

(1) Children will also be seen sharing their experiences while discussing in the class.
(2) Children will be seen in the classroom, listening to the teacher.
(3) Children will be seen actively working in a variety of activities.
(4) The seating arrangement will be seen to change according to the activity of the children.

Why: In a child-centred class, children are active. Only sitting and listening to the teacher is least likely.

89.A person boarded an express train on 30 January 2023 at New Delhi for Bangalore. The train departed from New Delhi at 17:00 hours and reached Bangalore at 17:00 hours on 31st January 2023. If the distance between New Delhi and Bangalore by train route is nearly 1776 km. The average speed of the train during this Journey was:

(1) 77.21 km/hr
(2) 71.04 km/hr
(3) 74 km/hr
(4) 80.72 km/hr

Why: The journey took 24 hours. Speed = 1776 ÷ 24 = 74 km/hr.

90.In the following question, Assertion and Reason are followed. Read the statements carefully and choose the correct option from the following:
Assertion: The curriculum of Environmental Studies is theme-based and each theme is interreleted.
Reason: The main reason for keeping the syllabus of Environmental Studies theme-based is that it creates a deep understanding of each theme and each theme begins with questions.

(1) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(2) Assertion is false but Reason is true.
(3) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(4) Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

Why: The EVS syllabus is built on six connected themes. Themes help deep understanding and begin with questions. (R) explains (A).

Source text not reproduced. This question and the ones that follow it are based on an extract that is still in copyright, so it is not reprinted here. Read it in the official question paper, then use the questions below.

91.आनंद मार्ग दर्शन के अनुसार मानसिक स्तर के परिवर्तन को कहा गया है __________।

(1) ज्ञान योग
(2) सहज योग
(3) ब्रह्म योग
(4) राज योग

Why: गद्यांश के अनुसार मानसिक दुनिया में परिवर्तन को ज्ञान योग कहा जा सकता है।

92.“खामियाँ” शब्द है __________।

(1) तद्भव
(2) तत्सम
(3) आगत
(4) देशज

Why: ‘खामी’ अरबी-फ़ारसी से आया शब्द है। दूसरी भाषा से आए शब्द आगत (विदेशज) कहलाते हैं।

93.मानसिक दुनिया से तात्पर्य है __________।

(1) मन में उठने वाले भाव
(2) मनभावन दुनिया
(3) काल्पनिक दुनिया
(4) मन की स्थिति

Why: [KEY] CBSE की अंतिम उत्तर-कुंजी विकल्प 3 को सही मानती है। मानसिक दुनिया भौतिक दुनिया से अलग, मन में बनी दुनिया है। इसे कुंजी ने काल्पनिक दुनिया माना है।

94.गद्यांश के अनुसार मनुष्य को __________ की ज़रूरत है।

(1) अपनी क्षमताओं को उन्नत करने
(2) ब्रह्मांडीय ऊर्जाओं की खोज करने
(3) अपनी क्षमताओं को पहचानने
(4) अपनी कमियों को दूर करने

Why: गद्यांश में मनुष्य की खामियों के विरुद्ध लड़ाई और उन्हें दूर करने की बात है।

95.“अंतर्निहित” का समानार्थी शब्द नहीं है __________।

(1) समाविष्ट
(2) समायोजित
(3) समाहित
(4) सन्निहित

Why: अंतर्निहित का अर्थ है भीतर छिपा हुआ। समाविष्ट, समाहित, सन्निहित इसके समानार्थी हैं। समायोजित का अर्थ है ठीक से बैठाया हुआ।

96.मानसिक परिवर्तन कैसे होने लगे?

(1) अपनी कमियों को दूर करने के प्रयासों के कारण
(2) परिवर्तन सततः होने वाली प्रक्रिया है
(3) मानव मन के विकास के कारण
(4) मानसिक चिंतन करने के कारण

Why: जब मानव ने दुनिया की खामियों के खिलाफ लड़ाई शुरू की, तब मानसिक परिवर्तन होने लगे।

97.“ब्रह्मांडीय ऊर्जा” का अर्थ है __________।

(1) ब्राह्मण की ऊर्जा
(2) ब्रह्म और ऊर्जा
(3) ब्रह्मांड की ऊर्जा
(4) ब्रह्मा की ऊर्जा

Why: ब्रह्मांडीय = ब्रह्मांड से संबंधित। अतः ब्रह्मांडीय ऊर्जा = ब्रह्मांड की ऊर्जा।

98.आरंभिक दिनों के संदर्भ में कौन सा कथन सत्य है?

(1) भौतिक जगत की अपेक्षा मानसिक जगत में कम कमियाँ थीं।
(2) भौतिक व मानसिक जगत दोनों में कोई कमी नहीं थीं।
(3) भौतिक व मानसिक जगत में एक सी कमियाँ थीं।
(4) भौतिक जगत की अपेक्षा मानसिक जगत में अधिक कमियाँ थीं।

Why: गद्यांश में लिखा है कि लोगों ने देखा, भौतिक दुनिया की अपेक्षा मानसिक दुनिया में अधिक खामियाँ थीं।

99.“भौतिक” में मूल शब्द तथा प्रत्यय है __________।

(1) भूत + ईक
(2) भौति + क
(3) भूत + तिक
(4) भूत + इक

Why: भूत + इक = भौतिक। ‘इक’ प्रत्यय लगने पर पहले स्वर ‘ऊ’ की वृद्धि ‘औ’ हो जाती है।

Source text not reproduced. This question and the ones that follow it are based on an extract that is still in copyright, so it is not reprinted here. Read it in the official question paper, then use the questions below.

100.समूह से भिन्न शब्द है -

(1) हँसना-रोना
(2) आशा-निराशा
(3) भिन्न-भिन्न
(4) पाना-खोना

Why: हँसना-रोना, आशा-निराशा, पाना-खोना विलोम शब्दों के जोड़े हैं। भिन्न-भिन्न पुनरुक्त शब्द है।

101.“आठों याम” से तात्पर्य है -

(1) आठ स्तर
(2) आठ दिशाएँ
(3) आठ की संख्या
(4) आठ प्रहर

Why: याम का अर्थ है प्रहर। दिन-रात में आठ प्रहर होते हैं, अतः आठों याम = हर समय।

102.चाहे कितने भी दुःख आएँ, मनुष्य को __________।

(1) कार्य रोक देने चाहिए
(2) कार्य करते रहना चाहिए
(3) सदा शांत रहना चाहिए
(4) सदा मुस्कुराते रहना चाहिए

Why: कविता का संदेश है - चलना हमारा काम है। दुःख में भी कर्म करते रहना चाहिए।

103.कविता के भावानुसार जीवन में __________ सदा रहते हैं।

(1) आठों याम
(2) सुख-दुःख
(3) अपने-अपने
(4) गति-मति

Why: कविता में पाना-खोना, हँसना-रोना, आशा-निराशा की बात है। अर्थात् जीवन में सुख-दुःख सदा रहते हैं।

104.जीवन कैसा है?

(1) आशा-निराशा से घिरा
(2) आशाओं से घिरा हुआ
(3) बेहद दुखद
(4) बेहद सुखद

Why: कविता की पंक्ति है - ‘आशा निराशा से घिरा’।

105.जीवन की विषम परिस्थितियों को व्यक्त करने के लिए उचित उदाहरण नहीं है?

(1) कभी हँसना कभी रोना
(2) कभी सोना कभी रोना
(3) कभी खोना कभी पाना
(4) कभी आशा कभी निराशा

Why: अन्य तीनों विलोम जोड़े हैं और कविता में आए हैं। ‘सोना-रोना’ विलोम नहीं है।

106.मातृभाषा आधारित बहुभाषावाद किसकी अनुशंसा करता है?

(1) सभी बच्चों की विद्यालयी शिक्षा की शुरुआत अंग्रेज़ी माध्यम और घर की भाषा में होनी चाहिए
(2) सभी बच्चे अपनी प्रथम भाषा के रूप में हिन्दी का अध्ययन करते हैं
(3) सभी बच्चों की विद्यालयी शिक्षा उनकी मातृभाषा या घर की भाषा में शुरू होनी चाहिए
(4) सभी बच्चों की विद्यालयी शिक्षा उनके राज्य की भाषा में शुरू होनी चाहिए

Why: मातृभाषा आधारित बहुभाषी शिक्षा में पढ़ाई बच्चे की घर की भाषा से शुरू होती है। बाद में दूसरी भाषाएँ जोड़ी जाती हैं।

107.पाठ्य सामग्री बोधगम्यता के संदर्भ में निम्नलिखित में से गलत कथन का चयन करें:

(1) स्किमिंग समीक्षा करने के लिए अधिक उपयुक्त है जबकि स्कैनिंग द्वारा किसी विशेष प्रश्न का उत्तर देने में मदद मिलती है।
(2) स्किमिंग और स्कैनिंग दोनों में ही पाठ्य सामग्री पढ़ने के दौरान तीव्र नेत्र गति शामिल है।
(3) स्किमिंग (सरसरी तौर पर पठन) के अन्तर्गत पाठ्य सामग्री को शीघ्रता से पढ़ा जाता है जबकि स्कैनिंग (बारीकी से पठन) के अन्तर्गत विशिष्ट तथ्य जानने के लिए पढ़ा जाता है।
(4) स्किमिंग में गहराई से पठन किया जाता है जबकि स्कैनिंग में सरसरी तौर पर पढ़ा जाता है।

Why: स्किमिंग सार जानने के लिए जल्दी पढ़ना है, गहराई से पढ़ना नहीं। अतः कथन (4) गलत है।

108.जब बच्चे अपने आस-पास के परिवेश की वस्तुओं, घटनाओं और अवधारणाओं के बारे में पूछना आरंभ कर देते हैं तो भाषा का कौन-सा प्रकार्य अधिक प्रयोग में लाया जाता है?

(1) सूचनात्मक
(2) खोजबीन परक
(3) कल्पनाशीलता
(4) नियन्त्रक (रेग्युलेटरी)

Why: दुनिया के बारे में पूछने और खोजने के लिए भाषा का प्रयोग खोजबीन परक (ह्यूरिस्टिक) प्रकार्य है।

109.मानव भाषा के किस गुणधर्म के कारण मनुष्य उन चीज़ों के बारे में बोल पाते हैं जो उनके तात्कालिक समय और स्थान में मौजूद नहीं है?

(1) संरचना निर्भरता
(2) वियोजन सामर्थ्य (डिस्क्रीटनैस)
(3) विस्थापन (डिस्प्लेसमैंट)
(4) यादृच्छिकता

Why: विस्थापन के कारण हम भूत, भविष्य और दूर की बातों के बारे में बोल पाते हैं।

110.निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा कौशल समझ के साथ पठन का लक्षण नहीं है?

(1) घटनाओं और विचारों के क्रम का संयोजन और आकलन करना
(2) अब तक पढ़ी गई सामग्री का मानसिक रूप से सारांशीकरण करना
(3) अक्षरों और वर्णमाला पर ध्यान केन्द्रित करना
(4) विषयवस्तु से आगे का अनुमान लगाना

Why: समझ के साथ पठन में अर्थ पर ध्यान होता है। केवल अक्षरों पर ध्यान देना डिकोडिंग है।

111.निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा द्वितीय भाषा शिक्षण के व्याकरण अनुवाद विधि का गुणधर्म नहीं है?

(1) द्वितीय भाषा में सीधे ही सम्प्रेषण करना और उसके बाद दो भाषाओं के व्याकरण के नियमों की तुलना करना
(2) भाषा के प्रकार्यों के स्थान पर नियमों पर अधिक ध्यान देना
(3) प्रथम और द्वितीय भाषा के व्याकरणिक नियमों की तुलना करना
(4) द्वितीय भाषा के व्याकरण के नियमों का अधिगम और अभ्यास

Why: द्वितीय भाषा में सीधा सम्प्रेषण प्रत्यक्ष विधि की विशेषता है, व्याकरण अनुवाद विधि की नहीं।

112.एक अध्यापक ने अपने विद्यार्थियों से कहा कि वे इस बात पर विमर्श करें कि उन्होंने उसके द्वारा दिए गए अनुभवजनित प्रश्न का उत्तर किस प्रकार दिया और उस प्रश्न का उत्तर लिखते समय वे क्या और किस प्रकार सोच रहे थे। यह किसका उदाहरण है?

(1) अधिभाषावाद
(2) अधिसांकेतिकता (मेटासीमियोटिक)
(3) अधिसंज्ञान
(4) रूपक

Why: अपनी सोच के बारे में सोचना अधिसंज्ञान (मेटाकॉग्निशन) है।

113.निम्नलिखित में से क्रेशन की परिकल्पना में से कौन-सा वायगोत्सकी के ZPD के समान है?

(1) प्राकृतिक व्यवस्था परिकल्पना
(2) अफेक्टिव फिल्टर परिकल्पना
(3) निवेश परिकल्पना
(4) परिवीक्षण (मॉनीटर) परिकल्पना

Why: क्रेशन की निवेश परिकल्पना (i + 1) के अनुसार बच्चा अपने स्तर से थोड़ा ऊपर के निवेश से सीखता है। यह ZPD जैसा है।

114.क्यूमिन की अन्तरनिर्भरता परिकल्पना के अनुसार निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सी एक-दूसरे पर पारस्परिक रूप से निर्भर है?

(1) द्वितीय भाषा में पठन और लेखन
(2) प्रथम और द्वितीय भाषा में बुनियादी अन्तः वैयक्तिक कौशल
(3) द्वितीय भाषा में बोधगम्यता और उत्पाद
(4) प्रथम और द्वितीय भाषा में संज्ञानात्मक अकादमिक निपुणता

Why: कमिन्स के अनुसार एक भाषा में बनी संज्ञानात्मक अकादमिक निपुणता (CALP) दूसरी भाषा में भी काम आती है।

115.निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा अक्षरों और वर्णमाला के स्थान पर शब्दों और लघुकथा सामग्री के आधार पर पठन कौशल आरंभ करने को तर्कसंगत नहीं ठहराता?

(1) शब्द और पाठ्य सामग्री अधिक रुचिकर होती हैं जबकि अक्षर नहीं
(2) शब्दों की अपेक्षा पृथक अक्षरों को कंठस्थ करना अधिक कठिन है
(3) शुरुआती पाठक छोटी-छोटी इकाइयों की तुलना में बड़ी इकाइयों पर बेहतर तरीके से ध्यान केन्द्रित कर पाते हैं
(4) शब्द और पाठ्य सामग्री सार्थक सम्बद्धता सृजित कर पाती हैं जो कि अक्षर नहीं कर पाते हैं

Why: [KEY] CBSE की अंतिम उत्तर-कुंजी विकल्प 3 को सही मानती है। रुचि, अर्थ और याद रखने में सरलता शब्दों से शुरुआत के पक्ष में हैं; कुंजी ने ‘बड़ी इकाइयों पर बेहतर ध्यान’ को उचित कारण नहीं माना।

116.निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा भाषाओं और बोलियों के बारे में भाषिक रूप से सही है?

(1) भाषाओं की अपनी लिपि होती है परन्तु बोलियों की कोई लिपि नहीं होती है।
(2) भाषा और बोलियों में कोई सुपरिभाषित भाषिक अन्तर नहीं है।
(3) भाषाओं में साहित्य लिखा गया है परन्तु बोलियाँ मौखिक परम्परा का निर्वाह करती हैं।
(4) भाषाएँ और बोलियाँ भाषिक रूप से भिन्न-भिन्न हैं परन्तु भौगोलिक रूप से एक समान हैं।

Why: भाषिक दृष्टि से बोली भी उतनी ही पूर्ण होती है जितनी भाषा। इनका अंतर सामाजिक-राजनीतिक है।

117.वीरा सात माह की शिशु है। वह अब कुछ इस तरह की आवाजें निकाल रही है जिसमें स्वर और व्यंजन मिश्रित हैं। वह किस रूप में सम्प्रेषित कर रही है?

(1) कूजन (कूइंग)
(2) भाषिक वाक्
(3) ध्वनिग्राम
(4) बबलाना

Why: 6–10 माह में शिशु ‘बा-बा’, ‘मा-मा’ जैसी व्यंजन-स्वर ध्वनियाँ दोहराता है। इसे बबलाना कहते हैं।

118.उत्पादक शब्द संपदा क्या है?

(1) वे शब्द जिनका प्रयोग लेखन और बोलने में किया जाता है
(2) वे शब्द जो पाठक के लिए नए हैं
(3) वे शब्द जिनको हम जैसा सुनते हैं वैसा ही पहचानते हैं
(4) उन शब्दों पर ध्यान देना जिनको हम पंक्तियों से परे जाकर पढ़ते हैं

Why: जिन शब्दों का प्रयोग हम स्वयं बोलने और लिखने में करते हैं, वे उत्पादक शब्द संपदा हैं।

119.निम्नलिखित में से किसके द्वारा भाषा अर्जन उपकरण की अवधारणा की व्याख्या नहीं की गयी है?

(1) बच्चे आकृति मूलक भाषा कैसे सीख लेते हैं।
(2) बच्चों का भाषिक उत्पाद उन्हें मिले भाषिक निवेश से अधिक क्यों होता है।
(3) बच्चे अपनी प्रथम भाषा कैसे सीखते हैं।
(4) बच्चे 4 - 5 वर्षों की कम अवधि के भीतर कैसे भाषा सीखने योग्य बन जाते हैं।

Why: भाषा अर्जन उपकरण प्रथम भाषा के तेज़ और सृजनात्मक अर्जन को समझाता है। आलंकारिक भाषा बाद में प्रयोग से सीखी जाती है।

120.एक समुदाय विशेष के बोलने-चालने के तरीके में यह देखा गया कि दो भिन्न-भिन्न सामाजिक आर्थिक समूहों के लोग ‘स’ को भिन्न-भिन्न तरीके से उच्चारित करते हैं। यह किस प्रकार का उदाहरण है?

(1) सामाजिक सांस्कृतिक चर
(2) सामाजिक मनोवैज्ञानिक चर
(3) सामाजिक भाषिक चर
(4) परिणामवादी (प्रेग्मेटिक) चर

Why: सामाजिक समूहों के साथ बदलने वाली भाषिक विशेषता सामाजिक भाषिक चर है।

Source text not reproduced. This question and the ones that follow it are based on an extract that is still in copyright, so it is not reprinted here. Read it in the official question paper, then use the questions below.

121.लेणींतील कोरीव कामांतून कोणत्या बाबतीत माहिती मिळते ?

(1) दान-धर्म
(2) पुरातत्त्व विभाग
(3) अभ्यासक
(4) लेणी प्रेमी

Why: उताऱ्यात म्हटले आहे - या लेखांतून लेणींच्या निर्मितीबाबत तसेच दानधर्माबाबत माहिती मिळते.

122.‘कातळ’ शब्दाचा समानार्थी नसलेला शब्द कोणता ?

(1) दगड
(2) कातरवेळ
(3) खडक
(4) पाषाण

Why: कातळ म्हणजे मोठा खडक. दगड, खडक, पाषाण हे समानार्थी आहेत. कातरवेळ म्हणजे संध्याकाळची वेळ.

123.लेणी समूहांबद्दल लेखकाने न काढलेला उद्गार कोणता ?

(1) मानवी कलात्मकतेचा सर्वोत्कृष्ट आविष्कार.
(2) त्यांच्या समोर भलेमोठे पटांगण आहे.
(3) या बौद्ध पंथाच्या नाहीत.
(4) लेणींचे खोदकाम जमिनीलगत आहे.

Why: लेखकाच्या मते बहुतांश लेणी हीनयान या बौद्ध पंथाच्या आहेत. म्हणून विधान 3 लेखकाचे नाही.

124.अंबा-अंबिका लेणींमध्ये लेखकाला प्रथमदर्शनी काय जाणवले ?

(1) स्वच्छता आणि शांतता
(2) खांब आणि कमान
(3) खोदकाम आणि पायऱ्या
(4) पर्यटक व प्रवाशी

Why: उताऱ्यात म्हटले आहे - या लेणींमध्ये सर्वप्रथम आढळते ती स्वच्छता आणि शांतता.

125.जुन्नर तालुक्यातील लेणी कोणत्या शतकातील आहे ?

(1) चवथ्या
(2) पाचव्या
(3) दुसऱ्या
(4) तिसऱ्या

Why: इतिहासकारांच्या मते बहुतांश लेणी तिसऱ्या शतकातील आहेत.

126.संचय, संग्रह करण्याचे ठिकाण या शब्दांचा समानार्थी शब्द म्हणजे _________.

(1) लेणी
(2) माघार
(3) आगार
(4) विहार

Why: आगार म्हणजे साठा किंवा संग्रह असलेले ठिकाण. उताऱ्यात ‘लेणींचे आगार’ असा शब्द आहे.

127.इतिहासकार लेणींच्या नावासाठी कोणत्या ग्रंथांचे संदर्भ देतात ?

(1) रामायण
(2) उद्धवगीता
(3) भगवद्गीता
(4) महाभारत

Why: काही इतिहासकार महाभारतातील अंबा-अंबिका या पात्रांचे दाखले देतात.

128.एकवचन-अनेकवचनी शब्द जोड्यांपैकी चुकीची जोडी शोधा:

(1) खाते-खाती
(2) खांब-खांबे
(3) शिल्प-शिल्पे
(4) कमान-कमानी

Why: ‘खांब’ या पुल्लिंगी शब्दाचे अनेकवचन ‘खांब’च राहते. ‘खांबे’ चुकीचे आहे.

Source text not reproduced. This question and the ones that follow it are based on an extract that is still in copyright, so it is not reprinted here. Read it in the official question paper, then use the questions below.

129.लेखकाच्या मते ताक सेवन केल्याने माणूस कोणत्या गोष्टींपासून अलिप्त राहतो ?

(1) आजार
(2) दही
(3) पचन
(4) परिरक्षक

Why: ताकातील लॅक्टोबॅसिल्समुळे रोगप्रतिकारक शक्ती वाढते आणि माणूस आजारांपासून दूर राहतो.

130.दह्यात आढळणाऱ्या तत्त्वांपैकी लेखकाने न सांगितलेला घटक कोणता ?

(1) परिरक्षक
(2) खनिजे
(3) प्रथिने
(4) जीवनसत्त्वे

Why: प्रथिने, जीवनसत्त्वे, खनिजे दह्यात असतात. परिरक्षक विकतच्या दह्यात मिसळले जातात, ते घातक आहेत.

131.‘थंडीमध्ये’ या शब्दातील अधोरेखित भाग म्हणजे _________.

(1) क्रिया विशेषण
(2) विशेषनाम
(3) उभयान्वयी अव्यय
(4) शब्दयोगी अव्यय

Why: ‘मध्ये’ हा शब्द नामाला जोडून येतो. म्हणून तो शब्दयोगी अव्यय आहे.

132.‘सर्दी, खोकला असे अनेक आजार होतात’ वाक्यातील अधोरेखित शब्द _________.

(1) विशेषण
(2) क्रियापद
(3) विशेषनाम
(4) सामान्यनाम

Why: ‘अनेक’ हा शब्द ‘आजार’ या नामाविषयी माहिती देतो. तो (अनिश्चित संख्या) विशेषण आहे.

133.लेखकाच्या मते लवकर पचणारा घटक कोणता ?

(1) लोह
(2) उपयुक्त जंतू
(3) प्रथिने
(4) खनिजे

Why: उताऱ्यात म्हटले आहे - दह्यातील प्रथिने दुधापेक्षा लवकर पचतात.

134.पुढीलपैकी सामान्यनाम नसलेला पर्याय शोधा.

(1) जीव
(2) ताक
(3) जंतू
(4) मनुष्य

Why: जीव, जंतू, मनुष्य ही प्राणिवाचक सामान्यनामे आहेत. ‘ताक’ हे पदार्थवाचक नाम आहे.

135.ताकामुळे कोणती गोष्ट होत नाही ?

(1) अन्नरुची
(2) त्वचा स्निग्धता
(3) स्रोतोरोध
(4) रोगप्रतिकार

Why: उताऱ्यात म्हटले आहे - ताक पातळ असल्यामुळे स्रोतोरोध निर्माण होत नाही.

136.मूल्यमापनाच्या संदर्भात पुढीलपैकी कोणते विधान योग्य नाही ?

(1) ते विद्यार्थ्यांच्या प्रगतीचा वेग पडताळण्यास मदत करते.
(2) ते फक्त शिक्षक करू शकतात.
(3) ते विद्यार्थ्यांच्या प्रगतीचे समग्र चित्र उपस्थित करते.
(4) ते विद्यार्थ्यांच्या प्रगतीचे ठोस पुरावे सादर करते.

Why: मूल्यमापन स्वयं-मूल्यमापन आणि सहाध्यायी मूल्यमापन या रूपांतही होते. ते फक्त शिक्षकाचे काम नाही.

137.शिक्षणातील उणिवा लक्षात घेण्यासाठी चुकांचे विश्लेषण महत्त्वाचे असते, कारण _________

(1) चुका या विद्यार्थ्यांच्या आकलन शक्तीच्या उणिवांचा संकेत आहे.
(2) चुकांच्या माध्यमातून संकल्पनात्मक विकास आणि अभिप्रेरण निदर्शनास येते.
(3) बहुतांश चुका या विद्यार्थ्यांच्या आडमुठेपणामुळे होतात.
(4) चुका म्हणजे विद्यार्थ्यांची बौद्धिक कुवत आणि त्यांची शैक्षणिक अवस्था जाणून घेण्याचे साधन.

Why: चुकांमधून मूल कसा विचार करते आणि शिकण्याच्या कोणत्या टप्प्यावर आहे हे कळते.

138.स्टीफन क्राशेनच्या “नियंत्रित कल्पना सिद्धांत” (Monitor hypothesis) च्या संदर्भात कोणते विधान योग्य नाही ?

(1) काय “शिकले” आहे हे पाहण्यासाठी काय “आत्मसात” केले याचा उपयोग होतो.
(2) विद्यार्थी तेंव्हाच पाहू शकतो जेंव्हा त्याच्याकडे पुरेसा वेळ आणि नियमांचे ज्ञान असते.
(3) याचा वापर द्वितीय भाषा आत्मसात करण्याच्या संदर्भात होतो.
(4) याचा आधार भाषा आत्मसात करणे आणि शिकणे यांच्या संबंधावर आहे.

Why: क्राशेनच्या मते शिकलेले नियम आत्मसात भाषेवर लक्ष ठेवतात. विधान 1 याच्या उलट आहे.

139.पुढीलपैकी रचनात्मक मूल्यमापनाचे कोणते उदाहरण नाही ?

(1) संपूर्ण कालावधीत व्यापलेले सर्व समावेशक लेखी मूल्यमापन आणि इतर उपक्रमांचे एकत्रीकरण.
(2) मूल्यमापनाचे असे धोरण ज्यात अगदी संक्षिप्त चाचण्या ते सवंगड्याने केलेले मूल्यमापन संपूर्ण सत्रात सुरू राहते.
(3) संपूर्ण सत्रात तोंडी आणि लेखी कार्य, भूमिकाभिनय इत्यादींची सुरू असलेली मालिका.
(4) सत्राच्या शेवटी सत्रांत पेपर.

Why: सत्राच्या शेवटी होणारा पेपर हे संकलित (सारांशात्मक) मूल्यमापन आहे.

140.प्रारंभिक अवस्थेचा वाचक जेव्हा विशिष्ट मजकुरातील अर्थ लावताना आणि त्यातील आशय, सांस्कृतिक संदर्भ समजून घेण्यासाठी स्वतःच्या सामान्य ज्ञानाचा वापर करतो/करते. त्याला _________ म्हणतात.

(1) उर्ध्वगामी पद्धती (Bottom up Approach)
(2) बॉटम-डाऊन पद्धती (Bottom-down Approach)
(3) अधोगामी पद्धती (Top down Approach)
(4) टॉप-अप पद्धती (Top-up Approach)

Why: पूर्वज्ञानाच्या आधारे अर्थ लावणे ही अधोगामी (Top-down) पद्धती आहे.

141.पुढीलपैकी कोणती कृती मजकुराचे आकलन आणि शब्दसंग्रह विकासाच्या बाबतीत उपयोगी ठरणार नाही ?

(1) आशय नकाशा
(2) चित्र संग्रह
(3) शब्द-नकाशा
(4) बाराखडी तक्ता

Why: बाराखडी तक्ता फक्त अक्षर ओळखीसाठी उपयोगी आहे; आकलन किंवा शब्दसंग्रहासाठी नाही.

142.महत्त्वाच्या दोन मूल्यमापनांच्या संदर्भात पुढीलपैकी कोणते विधान योग्य आहे ?

(1) रचनात्मक मूल्यमापन हे संपूर्ण शिक्षणावस्थेत सातत्याने सुरू राहते.
(2) सारांशात्मक मूल्यमापन हे शिक्षण प्रक्रियेच्या अगोदर आणि शिक्षणप्रक्रियेदरम्यान सुरू राहते.
(3) रचनात्मक मूल्यमापन हे भाषेच्या कार्यापेक्षा भाषेच्या रूपावर भर देते.
(4) सारांशात्मक (Summative) मूल्यमापन म्हणजे वर्षभरात केलेल्या प्रत्येक प्रारूपाच्या मूल्यमापनाची बेरीज आहे.

Why: रचनात्मक मूल्यमापन शिकताना सतत सुरू असते. सारांशात्मक मूल्यमापन शेवटी होते.

143.समावेशी वर्गाची रचना करताना पुढीलपैकी कोणता घटक उपयोगी ठरणार नाही ?

(1) बहुभाषिक धोरणाचा स्वीकार
(2) वर्गात काही मुले वर्गप्रतिनिधी (Monitors) म्हणून असणे
(3) मित्रमंडळीतली चर्चा आणि प्रत्याभरण (Feedback)
(4) गट कार्य देणे

Why: काही मुलांना वर्गप्रतिनिधी करणे त्यांना इतरांपेक्षा वरचे स्थान देते. समावेशनात सर्वांचा समान सहभाग हवा.

144.‘p’ ला ‘b’ किंवा ‘6’ ला ‘9’ वाचणे किंवा लिहिणे ही मुलांमध्ये आढळणारी सामान्य बाब आहे. हे कशामुळे होते ?

(1) नाम अक्षमता (Anomia)
(2) वाचन अक्षमता (Dyslexia)
(3) ततपप करणे (Stuttering)
(4) अफासिया (Aphasia)

Why: अक्षरे व अंक उलटे वाचणे-लिहिणे हे वाचन अक्षमतेचे (Dyslexia) सामान्य लक्षण आहे.

145.प्राथमिक परस्पर संभाषण कौशल्य म्हणजे _________.

(1) दैनंदिन संभाषणात वापरलेली भाषा
(2) आंतर भाषा
(3) उच्च पातळीचे भाषिक कौशल्य
(4) अमूर्ततेची भाषा

Why: BICS म्हणजे रोजच्या संभाषणाची भाषा. शैक्षणिक भाषेला CALP म्हणतात.

146.शिक्षिका हिन्दी भाषी विद्यार्थ्यांना इंग्रजी शिकवताना स्पष्टपणे नियम न सांगता त्यांना संदर्भ आणि संधी देत लहान लहान इंग्रजी वाक्यातून संभाषणात गुंतवून ठेवते. ती त्यांना उदाहरणे देते जी मुले संभाषणात वापरतात. हळूहळू, त्यांना शिक्षिकेच्या मदतीने आपसुकच नियमांचे आकलन होते. तुमच्या मते शिक्षिका कोणत्या पद्धतीचा अवलंब करते ?

(1) संभाषणात्मक पद्धती
(2) थेट पद्धती
(3) व्याकरण-भाषांतर पद्धती
(4) श्रव्य-भाषिक पद्धती

Why: संदर्भात प्रत्यक्ष संभाषण आणि नियमांचा स्वतः शोध ही संभाषणात्मक (Communicative) पद्धतीची ओळख आहे.

147.संज्ञापनात्मक धोरणाचे (Communicative Approach) पुढीलपैकी कोणते वैशिष्ट्य नाही ?

(1) स्पष्टपणे शिकवण्यापेक्षा व्याकरण नियम जाणून घेणे
(2) संज्ञापनात्मक नैपुण्य विकसित करणे
(3) प्रारूपापेक्षा कार्यावर भर देणे
(4) भाषेचा ससंदर्भ वापर

Why: उत्तरसूचीनुसार पर्याय 3. इंग्रजी प्रश्नात हा पर्याय ‘कार्यापेक्षा प्रारूपावर (रूपावर) भर’ असा आहे, जे संज्ञापनात्मक धोरणाचे वैशिष्ट्य नाही. मराठी भाषांतरात तो उलटा छापला गेला आहे.

148.बहुभाषिकता आणि बहुसांस्कृतिकतेचा प्रचार करण्यासाठी पुढीलपैकी कोणता कथाप्रकार सर्वात प्रस्तुत ठरेल ?

(1) विज्ञान कथा
(2) काल्पनिक कथा (लेन्दी टेल)
(3) लोककथा
(4) आत्मकथन

Why: लोककथा वेगवेगळ्या प्रदेशांतून आणि भाषांतून येतात. त्या त्या समाजाची संस्कृती सोबत आणतात.

149.पुढीलपैकी बालसाहित्यातील इच्छित नसलेला घटक कोणता ?

(1) मोठ्या आकाराची अक्षरे आणि परिचित शब्द
(2) आकर्षक चित्रे
(3) प्राणी-पात्र
(4) स्पष्ट नैतिक मूल्ये

Why: चांगले बालसाहित्य मुलांना स्वतः अर्थ शोधू देते. थेट उपदेश करणे इच्छित नाही.

150.पुढीलपैकी कोणते शिक्षणाचे कार्यक्षेत्र मानले नाही ?

(1) भावनात्मक (Affective)
(2) मानसिक-स्नायू वर्तन (Psychomotor)
(3) ज्ञानात्मक (Cognitive)
(4) समाज-सांस्कृतिक

Why: ब्लूमच्या मते शिक्षणाची तीन कार्यक्षेत्रे आहेत - ज्ञानात्मक, भावनात्मक आणि कारक (मानसिक-स्नायू).

CTET December 2024 — Paper I

Choose your language papers

Central Teacher Eligibility Test — December 2024
Paper I

Part I — Child Development and Pedagogy

Part II — Mathematics

Part III — Environmental Studies

Part IV — Language I — Hindi

Part V — Language II — Marathi

Answer Key

CTET December 2024 — Paper I

Choose your language papers

Central Teacher Eligibility Test — December 2024Paper I

Part I — Child Development and Pedagogy

Part II — Mathematics

Part III — Environmental Studies

Part IV — Language I — Hindi

Part V — Language II — Marathi

Answer Key

Central Teacher Eligibility Test — December 2024
Paper I