MAK LABS — CTET 7 July 2024 Paper II (Maths and Science) Question Paper with Answer Key

1.In progressive education children are perceived as:

(1) Innocent and dependent
(2) Compliant and capable of only consuming knowledge
(3) Knowledgeable and meaning-makers
(4) Vulnerable and in need of protection

Why: Progressive education sees children as active learners who already know a lot. They build their own meaning from experience. They are not empty or only dependent.

2.Feedback to the students in a classroom is most effective when:

(1) It assigns comparative ranks to the students.
(2) It occurs during as well as after the learning activity.
(3) It focuses on what the child cannot do rather than what they can do.
(4) It centres around tests and exams at the end of the year.

Why: Feedback helps most when it comes during the activity and also after it. Then the child can correct mistakes at once. Ranks, a focus on failures and year-end tests do not guide learning.

3.Assertion (A): During adolescence the pressures to conform to gender expectations and follow conventions of feminity or masculinity increases.
Reason (R): Gender and gender roles are determined biologically.
Choose the correct option.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why: In adolescence the pressure to behave in a “girl-like” or “boy-like” way does increase. So (A) is true. Gender roles are shaped by society, not by biology. So (R) is false.

4.Sunita, a 12 year old girl, shows exceptional musical ability. Both her parents are accomplished singers, and they send her for classes for voice training after school. Her capabilities are most likely to be the result of an interaction between:

(1) growth and maturation
(2) nutrition and discipline
(3) heredity and environment
(4) gender identity and genetic make-up

Why: Sunita may have inherited musical ability from her singer parents (heredity). Her voice training and musical home give her the right surroundings (environment). Her talent comes from both together.

5.Sensitive periods are those time periods during which certain __________ are especially important for course of ‘normal’ development.

(1) genetic predispositions
(2) ethnic factors
(3) environmental factors
(4) hereditary factors

Why: A sensitive period is a time when the child is especially open to certain environmental experiences. If those experiences are missing then, development may be affected.

6.In order to develop critical thinking among students a teacher should:

(1) ask only those questions which carry single answers.
(2) discourage the students from asking doubts and questions.
(3) give questions that involve inferences and explanations.
(4) avoid questions which need inference and analysis.

Why: Questions that need inference and explanation make students think for themselves. Single-answer questions and stopping doubts do not build critical thinking.

7.A teacher asks herself - “How can I provide experiences that require students to classify different types of objects in the environment and analyse their classification schemes?” Which intelligence is she trying to promote in students?

(1) Linguistic Intelligence
(2) Inter-personal Intelligence
(3) Naturalistic Intelligence
(4) Bodily- Kinesthetics Intelligence

Why: Classifying objects in the natural world and studying patterns belongs to naturalistic intelligence in Gardner’s theory.

8.How does setting mastery goals impact a student’s motivation and views of ability?

(1) It often implies enhanced intrinsic motivation and belief in the entity view of ability.
(2) It often implies enhanced intrinsic motivation and belief in the incremental view of ability.
(3) It often implies enhanced extrinsic motivation and belief in the entity view of ability.
(4) It often implies enhanced extrinsic motivation and belief in the incremental view of ability.

Why: Mastery goals focus on learning and improving. They raise intrinsic motivation. They also go with the belief that ability can grow with effort, which is the incremental view.

9.Rama is a teacher who is implementing Vygotsky’s theory in her classroom and she assigns her students to work in groups to complete a challenging task. During the task, one student struggles to understand a key concept. What would be the most effective way for Rama to help this student?

(1) Provide the student with the answer to the problem so the group can move on.
(2) Encourage the student to try to solve the problem on her own.
(3) Assign a different task to the student that is better suited to her abilities.
(4) Work through the problem with the student and providing guidance and feedback as needed while involving other group members.

Why: Vygotsky stressed guidance within the zone of proximal development. The teacher works with the student, gives hints and feedback, and also involves peers. This is scaffolding.

10.Assertion (A): Teachers should encourage debates, discussions and collaborations among students.
Reason (R): Knowledge production is an inactive process and engagement in group activities hinders meaningful learning.
Choose the correct option.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why: Debates, discussions and teamwork help learning, so (A) is true. Knowledge is built actively and group work supports it. So (R) is false.

11.Change and stability in emotions, personality and social relationships together constitute:

(1) Personality development
(2) Emotional development
(3) Psychosocial development
(4) Cognitive development

Why: Changes in emotions, personality and social relations together form psychosocial development.

12.Which of the following correctly describes ‘culturally responsive teaching’ to cater to diverse groups of students?
(i) Intentional
(ii) Adaptive
(iii) Differentiated (iv) Standardized

(1) (i), (iv)
(2) (ii), (iii)
(3) (i), (ii), (iii)
(4) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

Why: Culturally responsive teaching is planned on purpose (intentional). It changes to suit learners (adaptive). It offers different paths for different learners (differentiated). It is not standardised.

13.Assertion (A): Schools should function within frameworks which assess the finished product and learning outcomes.
Reason (R): Learning is tightly sequential and hierarchical.
Choose the correct option.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why: Schools should assess the process of learning too, not only the final product. Learning is not tightly sequential and fixed. So both (A) and (R) are false.

14.According to Lev Vygotsky what is the relationship between language and thought?

(1) Language does not shape thought
(2) Thought shapes language
(3) Language and thought are independent of each other
(4) Language and thought are complex interrelated processes of development

Why: For Vygotsky, language and thought begin separately. Later they join and shape each other. So they are complex, inter-related processes.

15.Which of the following is a correctly matched pair?

(1) Criterion - referenced assessment : includes mastery of specific topics
(2) Norm - references assessment : compares performance to that of peers
(3) Formative assessment : determining what the students can do before and after the class
(4) Summative assessment : involves paper - pencil tests as well as detailed accounts of non- written behaviours

Why: Norm-referenced assessment compares a student’s performance with that of other students (peers). This pair is correctly matched.

16.Which of the following hinders the participation of students with visual impairment in classroom?

(1) electronically formatted lecture transcriptions
(2) printed textbooks and notes
(3) raised-line drawings and maps
(4) tactile models of graphic materials

Why: Printed textbooks and notes cannot be read by students who cannot see. So they hinder participation. Electronic transcripts, raised-line maps and tactile models help such students.

17.Which method did Lawrence Kohlberg used to study moral development of children?

(1) Quantitative research approach
(2) Posing moral dilemmas to children and analyzing responses
(3) Conducting observations of children during play
(4) Experimental method

Why: Kohlberg told children stories with moral dilemmas, such as the Heinz dilemma. He studied the reasons they gave for their answers.

18.Constructivist teaching leads to __________ learning by students.

(1) discovery
(2) meaningless
(3) rote
(4) receptive

Why: In constructivist teaching children explore and find out for themselves. This leads to discovery learning.

19.Students struggling with dyslexia can be taught to read:

(1) Through systematic phonological training.
(2) By providing higher grade level reading texts.
(3) By giving long and complex passages.
(4) Through association method of conditioning.

Why: Dyslexia is a difficulty in linking sounds with letters. Systematic training in phonological (sound) awareness helps such children learn to read.

20.Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development implicates that:

(1) Behaviour should be conditioned using rewards and punishments.
(2) Concepts should be taught in a sequence of complex to simple.
(3) Curriculum should be designed keeping children’s age-group and stage in mind.
(4) Focus of teaching should be the outcome of the activity instead of the process of thinking.

Why: Piaget said children think differently at each stage. So the curriculum should match the child’s age and stage of development.

21.You are a teacher who wants to help your students develop metacognitive skills. Which of the following strategies is most likely to foster this type of thinking?

(1) Giving students marks instead of qualitative feedback on their performance.
(2) Encouraging students to reflect on their own learning and thinking processes.
(3) Providing students with summarised notes for assignments.
(4) Assigning homework that requires memorization and recall.

Why: Metacognition means thinking about one’s own thinking. Asking students to reflect on how they learn and think builds this skill.

22.Which of the following statement is correct about ‘Autism’?

(1) All autistic people have at least one exceptional skill.
(2) Autism is a neuro-developmental disorder.
(3) Autism is caused solely by environmental factors.
(4) Autism can be cured and improves with age.

Why: Autism is a neuro-developmental disorder. It affects communication and behaviour. It is not caused only by the environment, it is not “cured”, and not every autistic person has a special skill.

23.A key commonality in Piaget and Vygotsky’s theories is:

(1) Their views of relationship between language and thought.
(2) Focus on stage-like progression in children’s development.
(3) Involvement and engagement of children in their own learning.
(4) The role of culture in the cognitive processes.

Why: Both Piaget and Vygotsky saw children as active learners who are engaged in building their own knowledge. They differed on language, stages and culture.

24.Assertion (A): Teachers should respect the individual differences among learners and adapt their teaching to cater to needs of all students.
Reason (R): Collaborations, group works and interactions among students should be avoided while teaching a class of diverse learners.
Choose the correct option.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why: Teachers should respect individual differences, so (A) is true. Group work and interaction help diverse learners, so they should not be avoided. (R) is false.

25.Which learning strategy involves children teaching others what they have learned?

(1) Conditioned learning
(2) Rote learning
(3) Expository teaching
(4) Reciprocal teaching

Why: In reciprocal teaching, students take turns to act as the teacher. They explain what they have learned to others.

26.Assertion (A): In Asian cultures which stress social harmony, expressions of ‘anger’ are discouraged and ‘shame’ is encouraged.
Reason (R): Emotions are subjective and do not play any role in learning.
Choose the correct option.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why: Cultures that value harmony discourage anger and use shame to control behaviour, so (A) is true. Emotions do affect learning, so (R) is false.

27.According to Jean Piaget how are children different from adults?

(1) Children are dependent on adults while adults are independent.
(2) Adults are much more knowledgeable than children.
(3) Children’s thinking is qualitatively different from that of adults.
(4) Children’s thinking is quantitatively different from that of adults.

Why: Piaget said children do not just know less than adults. They think in a different way. So the difference is qualitative.

28.Which of the following question promotes analytical thinking?

(1) The capital city of India is __________
(2) How many States are there in India ?
(3) What is the total population of India ?
(4) What are the various causes of increase of population in India ?

Why: Finding the causes of population increase needs breaking a problem into parts and linking causes. This is analytical thinking. The other questions only need recall.

29.Inclusive classrooms:

(1) Recognize that every child will learn at the same rate and at the same time.
(2) Is an educational program offered to cater to the needs of ‘special children’.
(3) Are meant to offer differentiated instructions as per individual differences.
(4) Aim to remove all kinds of differences among the children.

Why: Inclusive classrooms accept differences. Teachers give differentiated instruction to suit each child. Children do not all learn at the same rate.

30.Assertion (A): Teachers should give lot of opportunities to children for experimentation and discuss examples and non-examples.
Reason (R): A constructive way of dealing with misconceptions in children is to provide counter examples.
Choose the correct option.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why: Experimenting and comparing examples with non-examples help children correct wrong ideas. Counter-examples are a constructive way to deal with misconceptions. So (R) explains (A).

31.Perimeter of a quadrilateral ABCD is 120 cm. If BC = 48 cm, CD = 17 cm, AD = 40 cm and ∠A = ∠B = 90°, then area of quadrilateral ABCD (in cm²) is:

(1) 660
(2) 690
(3) 720
(4) 750

Why: ∠A = ∠B = 90°, so AD and BC are both perpendicular to AB. ABCD is a trapezium with AD ∥ BC. AB = 120 − (48 + 17 + 40) = 15 cm. Area = ½ × (48 + 40) × 15 = 660 cm².

32.Which of the following statement is least appropriate regarding the proofs in mathematics?

(1) It explains why a particular mathematical result must be true.
(2) It helps to reveal the connections and provide insights into the underlying structure of mathematics.
(3) It can help the students to validate their own reasoning.
(4) Proofs are built on intuitive knowledge and not reasoning.

Why: A proof is built on logical reasoning, not on intuition. Proofs explain why a result is true, show connections in mathematics and help students check their own reasoning.

33.PQRS is a parallelogram whose diagonals PR and QS intersect at a point O such that OP=(x+7) cm, OQ=(x+y) cm, OR=20 cm and OS=16 cm. Then, value of (7y+5) (in cm) is:

(1) 21
(2) 23
(3) 26
(4) 28

Why: Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other. OP = OR gives x + 7 = 20, so x = 13. OQ = OS gives x + y = 16, so y = 3. Then 7y + 5 = 21 + 5 = 26.

34.The value of 52 × 3 ÷ 4 + √441 ÷ 7 × 3 + 5 − 32 ÷ 8 × 12 is:

(1) 0
(2) 5
(3) 15
(4) 21

Why: Follow BODMAS. 52 × 3 ÷ 4 = 39. √441 = 21, and 21 ÷ 7 × 3 = 9. 32 ÷ 8 × 12 = 48. So 39 + 9 + 5 − 48 = 5.

35.Arun is three years older than Varun. Eight years ago, ⁵⁄₆th of Arun’s age exceeded ³⁄₅th of Varun’s age by 6 years. If the present age of Varun is x years, then the value of x can be determined by solving the equation:

(1) ⁵⁄₆(x − 5) − ³⁄₅(x − 8) = 6
(2) ⁵⁄₆(x − 8) − ³⁄₅(x − 5) = 6
(3) ³⁄₅(x + 5) − ⁵⁄₆(x − 8) = 6
(4) ³⁄₅(x + 3) − ⁵⁄₆(x − 8) = 6

Why: Arun’s present age is x + 3. Eight years ago Arun was x − 5 and Varun was x − 8. So ⁵⁄₆(x − 5) − ³⁄₅(x − 8) = 6.

36.The domain of learning that deals with attitudes and values is known as:

(1) Knowledge domain
(2) Cognitive domain
(3) Affective domain
(4) Psychomotor domain

Why: Attitudes, values, feelings and interests belong to the affective domain of learning.

37.The height and base radius of a right circular cylinder are 9 cm and 6 cm respectively. If the base radius becomes half and height increases by 3 cm, then which of the following describes the new volume of the cylinder?

(1) The new volume will be twice the original volume.
(2) The new volume will be half the original volume.
(3) The new volume will be thrice the original volume.
(4) The new volume will be one-third the original volume.

Why: Original volume = π × 6² × 9 = 324π. New radius = 3 cm and new height = 12 cm. New volume = π × 3² × 12 = 108π. This is one-third of the original volume.

38.Arrange the following statements according to ascending levels of geometrical thinking as per Van-Hiele’s theory of geometrical learning.
(a) Identification of properties of geometrical shapes
(b) Classification of different shapes
(c) Finding relationship between the properties of geometrical shapes
(d) Identification of geometrical shapes as they are
Choose the correct option:

(1) (a), (b), (c), (d)
(2) (d), (b), (a), (c)
(3) (d), (c), (b), (a)
(4) (a), (c), (b), (d)

Why: In Van Hiele’s theory, children first recognise shapes as they look (visualisation). Then they sort and classify shapes, then they identify properties, and then they relate the properties. So (d), (b), (a), (c).

39.In a pie chart, the marks obtained by a student in Mathematics, Science, Social Science, Hindi and English are respectively represented by sectors of central angles 90°, 80°, 65°, 75° and 50°. If the total marks obtained by the students were 540, then what is the difference of the marks obtained by him/her in Mathematics and English?

(1) 60
(2) 50
(3) 40
(4) 30

Why: Difference in angles = 90° − 50° = 40°. Marks for 40° = ⁴⁰⁄₃₆₀ × 540 = 60.

40.At upper primary stage, as per NCERT, which of the following topics have NOT been included under number system?

(1) Complex Numbers
(2) Fractions
(3) Exponents and Powers
(4) Square roots and cube roots

Why: Complex numbers are taught only at the senior secondary stage. Fractions, exponents and powers, and square and cube roots are part of the upper primary syllabus.

41.Which of the following statement is NOT correct with respect to Rubrics as a tool of assessment?

(1) Rubrics has a fixed scale.
(2) Rubrics has a list of characteristics describing performance for each point on the scale.
(3) Rubrics consist of a clear performance target for students.
(4) Rubrics make evaluation more subjective.

Why: Rubrics give clear criteria for each level of performance. This makes evaluation more objective, not more subjective.

42.The number of faces (F), edges (E) and vertices (V) of a polyhedron are 7, 15 and x, respectively. Then, the value of (2F + 3E − 4x) is:

(1) 20
(2) 19
(3) 18
(4) 17

Why: By Euler’s formula, F + V − E = 2. So 7 + x − 15 = 2 and x = 10. Then 2F + 3E − 4x = 14 + 45 − 40 = 19.

43.If (2x + 5y)² − 5(2x + 5y) − 14 = (2x + 5y + p)(2x + 5y + q), then the value of (p + q) is:

(1) 7
(2) −14
(3) 9
(4) −5

Why: Let a = 2x + 5y. Then a² − 5a − 14 = (a − 7)(a + 2). So p = −7 and q = 2, and p + q = −5.

44.Two parallel lines are intersected by a transversal and the two interior angles so formed on the same side of the transversal are (2x + 15°) and (3x − 20°). Then, the value of (4x + 6°) is:

(1) 154°
(2) 150°
(3) 148°
(4) 146°

Why: Interior angles on the same side of a transversal add up to 180°. (2x + 15) + (3x − 20) = 180, so 5x = 185 and x = 37. Then 4x + 6 = 148 + 6 = 154°.

45.The sum of the largest and smallest fractions among ⁶⁄₇, 2³⁄₅, ³⁄₈ and 2⁸⁄₁₅ is:

(1) 2⁹⁄₃₅
(2) 2³⁷⁄₄₀
(3) 2⁷⁄₃₅
(4) 2³⁹⁄₄₀

Why: Largest fraction = 2³⁄₅ (= 2.6). Smallest fraction = ³⁄₈. Sum = 2²⁴⁄₄₀ + ¹⁵⁄₄₀ = 2³⁹⁄₄₀.

46.Which of the following does not imply the meaning of assessment?

(1) It is evaluation.
(2) It helps to label the students.
(3) It helps to diagnose individual differences.
(4) It is a procedure to gather information of student’s performance.

Why: Assessment gathers information about a learner’s performance and helps the teacher. Its purpose is not to label students.

47.Which of the following is NOT an indicator of creativity in Mathematics?

(1) Students use convergent thinking in different contexts.
(2) Students are able to think flexibly.
(3) Students use multiple and alternate problem solving strategies.
(4) Students can pose questions.

Why: Creativity needs divergent thinking, such as flexible thinking, many strategies and posing questions. Convergent thinking aims at one fixed answer, so it is not a sign of creativity.

48.If x is the least number which must be added to 955 to make it a perfect square, then value of 3x + 2 is equal to:

(1) 20
(2) 14
(3) 11
(4) 5

Why: 31² = 961 is the next perfect square after 955. So x = 961 − 955 = 6. Then 3x + 2 = 20.

49.How many natural numbers between 1 and 500 are divisible by each of the numbers 3, 5 and 7?

(1) 3
(2) 4
(3) 5
(4) 6

Why: A number divisible by 3, 5 and 7 must be a multiple of 105. Between 1 and 500 these are 105, 210, 315 and 420. So there are 4 numbers.

50.According to National Curriculum Framework 2005 which of the following process is least important in mathematics?

(1) Solving day to day problems.
(2) Understanding when and how a mathematical technique is to be used.
(3) Finding short-cuts in mathematics.
(4) Generalizing a mathematical formula.

Why: NCF 2005 wants children to understand mathematics and use it. Finding short-cuts is the least important of these processes.

51.M is a point on side AB of a triangle ABC such that AM = BM = CM. If angles A and B are respectively x and 70°, then the value of (3x + 25°) is equal to:

(1) 70°
(2) 85°
(3) 100°
(4) 115°

Why: M is equidistant from A, B and C, so M is the centre of a circle through A, B and C with AB as diameter. So ∠C = 90°. Then x = 180° − 90° − 70° = 20°, and 3x + 25° = 85°.

52.A sum invested at 10% p.a. for 2 years becomes ₹ 3,267, when the interest is compounded annually. What will be the simple interest on the same sum at the same rate in 2¹⁄₂ years?

(1) ₹ 625
(2) ₹ 650
(3) ₹ 675
(4) ₹ 700

Why: P × (1.1)² = 3267, so P = 3267 ÷ 1.21 = ₹ 2,700. Simple interest = 2700 × 10 × 2.5 ÷ 100 = ₹ 675.

53.D is a point on side AB of a ΔABC such that CD is the bisector of ∠ACB. If ∠A = 50° and ∠B = 70°, then ∠ADC is equal to:

(1) 30°
(2) 50°
(3) 70°
(4) 100°

Why: ∠C = 180° − 50° − 70° = 60°. CD bisects it, so ∠ACD = 30°. In triangle ADC, ∠ADC = 180° − 50° − 30° = 100°.

54.Marks obtained by some students of a class are 36, 37, 31, 42, 23, 38, 17, 18, 35, 25, 29 and 35. The difference of the mean and the range of the data is:

(1) 4.5
(2) 5.0
(3) 5.5
(4) 6.0

Why: Sum = 366 and there are 12 marks, so the mean = 30.5. Range = 42 − 17 = 25. Difference = 30.5 − 25 = 5.5.

55.A trader buys 12 fans for ₹ 24,000. He marks each fan at 25% above the cost price. If he sells all fans by giving 10% discount on the marked price, then his overall profit (in ₹) is:

(1) 2700
(2) 3000
(3) 3200
(4) 3500

Why: Cost price = ₹ 24,000. Marked price = 24,000 × 1.25 = ₹ 30,000. Selling price = 30,000 × 0.9 = ₹ 27,000. Profit = ₹ 3,000.

56.^{(a − b + c)² − (a − b − c)²}⁄_{b − a} is equal to:

(1) b − c
(2) c − a
(3) −4c
(4) 2c

Why: Use x² − y² = (x + y)(x − y). The numerator = (2a − 2b)(2c) = 4c(a − b). Dividing by (b − a) gives −4c.

57.Area of a right triangle is 240 cm². If its one side other than the hypotenuse is 30 cm, then perimeter (in cm) of the triangle is:

(1) 80
(2) 84
(3) 92
(4) 100

Why: ½ × 30 × h = 240, so the other side h = 16 cm. Hypotenuse = √(30² + 16²) = √1156 = 34 cm. Perimeter = 30 + 16 + 34 = 80 cm.

58.A teacher distributes different types of triangle shaped paper cuttings to the learners and tells them to measure and tabulate the angles in order to find the sum of angles. He tells them to note the result in each case. This method of teaching is an example of:

(1) Discovery method
(2) Teacher centered approach
(3) Deductive method
(4) Analytical approach

Why: Learners measure the angles themselves and find that the sum is 180°. Finding a rule by one’s own activity is the discovery method.

59.Which of the following is NOT true?

(1) 3 + 4 × 5 is not a mathematical expression
(2) Operations of multiplication can be done on mathematical expressions
(3) The expression (x² + 10x + 25) cannot be simplified further
(4) The value of the variable in an equation which satisfy the equation is called a solution of the equation

Why: [KEY] x² + 10x + 25 can be written as (x + 5)², so statement (3) is not true. The key gives option 3. Note that statement (1) is also not true, because 3 + 4 × 5 is a numerical expression.

60.The ratio of two numbers is 3: 7 and their LCM is 630. Then, sum of the LCM and HCF of these numbers is:

(1) 30
(2) 300
(3) 600
(4) 660

Why: Let the numbers be 3k and 7k. Their LCM = 21k = 630, so k = 30. HCF = k = 30. LCM + HCF = 630 + 30 = 660.

61.(A) Metal oxides are basic in nature.
(B) Air expands on heating.
(C) Lime water turns milky on passing carbondioxide.
(D) Sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid neutralise each other.
If observation is represented by O and inference by I, which of the following statements is correct?

(1) O - C, D; I - A, B
(2) O - B, C; I - A, D
(3) O - C; I - A, B, D
(4) O - A, B; I - B, C

Why: Lime water turning milky can be seen directly, so (C) is an observation. That metal oxides are basic, that air expands and that the acid and base neutralise each other are conclusions drawn from tests. The key treats them as inferences.

62.Which of the following is not a feature of alternate conceptions in science?

(1) Ideas are stable.
(2) Ideas are resistant to change.
(3) Ideas are developed from observable features.
(4) Ideas do not demonstrate cause and effect reasoning.

Why: Alternate conceptions are stable, resist change and come from what children see around them. They do contain the child’s own cause-and-effect reasoning, so (4) is not a feature.

63.Read the statements given below and choose the correct option:
Assertion (A): It is recommended that acid should be added to water for diluting the acid and not vice-versa.
Reason (R): Dilution of acid is a highly exothermic reaction.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why: Mixing acid with water gives out a lot of heat. If water is added to acid, the mixture may boil and splash. So acid is added slowly to water. (R) explains (A).

64.Read the statements given below and choose the correct option:
Assertion (A): The rate of breathing in aquatic animals is slower than land animals.
Reason (R): Presence of large amounts of dissolved oxygen affects rate of breathing of aquatic animals.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why: Water has much less dissolved oxygen than air. So aquatic animals breathe faster than land animals. Both (A) and (R) are false.

65.Assertion (A): The ceilings of cinema halls and concert halls are generally curved.
Reason (R): Sound waves after striking a curved surface get reflected in all directions.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is correct explanation for (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not correct explanation for (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why: A curved ceiling reflects sound from the stage evenly to all parts of the hall. So (R) explains why ceilings are curved.

66.Which of the following is/are true regarding scientific investigations?
(a) Results are not influenced by procedure.
(b) Social context may influence conclusions in any investigation.
(c) Data and evidence are same.
(d) There is no universal scientific method.

(1) (a) and (b)
(2) (b) and (d)
(3) (a) and (c)
(4) (c) and (d)

Why: Social context can influence the conclusions of an investigation. There is also no single universal scientific method. Results do depend on the procedure, and data and evidence are not the same.

67.Read the statements given below and choose the correct options:
Assertion (A): The filament of an incandescent bulb is made up of tungsten.
Reason (R): Tungsten has low resistance and high melting point.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true and (R) is false.
(4) Both (A) and (R) are false.

Why: Tungsten is used because it has a very high melting point. It has high resistance, not low. So (A) is true and (R) is false.

68.Three identical holes are punched at different levels (heights) in a plastic bottle. The bottle is filled with water. Which of the following statements is true regarding the flow of water from the holes?
(a) Water from lowest hole comes out with greatest force
(b) Water from highest hole comes out with greatest force
(c) Water from all holes comes out with equal force
(d) Water from lowest hole falls at maximum distance
(e) Water from highest hole falls at maximum distance (f) Water from all holes falls at same distance

(1) (c) and (f)
(2) (a) and (e)
(3) (b) and (e)
(4) (a) and (d)

Why: Water pressure increases with depth. So water from the lowest hole comes out with the greatest force and falls farthest.

69.Which of the following characterizes human circulatory system?

(1) open, single circulation
(2) open, double circulation
(3) closed, single circulation
(4) closed, double circulation

Why: In humans blood flows only inside blood vessels, so the system is closed. Blood passes through the heart twice in one round, so it is double circulation.

70.A class VII teacher plans to identify alternate conceptions of students in the topic ‘Adaptations in plants and animals’. Which of the following sets of strategies is best suited for this purpose?

(1) Drawings, checklist, interview
(2) Portfolio, group discussion, diagnostic questionnaire
(3) Diagnostic questionnaire, interview, drawings
(4) Project, checklist, drawings

Why: CBSE accepted two options, (2) and (3) (key D). A diagnostic questionnaire, interviews and drawings bring out children’s alternate conceptions clearly. Portfolio and group discussion with a diagnostic questionnaire were also accepted.

71.Which of the following is not caused due to excessive use of fertilizer and pesticides?

(1) Soil erosion
(2) Nitrification
(3) Eutrophication
(4) Bio-magnification

Why: Excess fertilisers and pesticides cause eutrophication of water bodies and bio-magnification in food chains. They also affect nitrification. Soil erosion is caused mainly by wind, water and loss of plant cover.

72.An odometer in a car measures:

(1) distance travelled by the car
(2) instantaneous speed of the car
(3) average speed of the car
(4) acceleration of the car

Why: An odometer measures the total distance travelled by a vehicle. A speedometer shows the speed.

73.Which of the following is true regarding scientific laws?

(1) They describe relationships between observable phenomena.
(2) They are formed from scientific theories.
(3) They can’t be challenged.
(4) They provide reasoning for physical phenomena.

Why: Scientific laws describe a relationship between observed events, for example Ohm’s law. Theories explain why the event happens. Laws can also be challenged by new evidence.

74.Which of the following statements is/are true?
(a) Self pollination takes place only in bisexual flowers.
(b) Bisexual flowers can pollinate both by self and cross pollination.

(1) (a) is true and (b) is false.
(2) (a) is false and (b) is true.
(3) Both (a) and (b) are false.
(4) Both (a) and (b) are true.

Why: Self-pollination can also take place between two flowers of the same plant, so it is not limited to bisexual flowers. (a) is false. A bisexual flower can be self-pollinated or cross-pollinated, so (b) is true.

75.Which of the following activities is best suited to develop inductive reasoning?

(1) asking students to state laws of reflection
(2) asking students to measure angle of reflection for various cases of angle of incidence in a plane mirror
(3) verify laws of reflection experimentally
(4) solve numerical problems based on law of reflection

Why: Inductive reasoning goes from many examples to a general rule. Measuring the angle of reflection for many angles of incidence lets students find the law themselves.

76.Two sperms of a man fuse with two eggs of a woman. The twins formed are:

(1) identical
(2) fraternal
(3) may be identical or fraternal
(4) always conjoint

Why: Two separate eggs fertilised by two sperms give two different zygotes. Such twins are fraternal twins.

77.Which of the following statements is/are true regarding Rainwater harvesting?
(a) It conserves ground water.
(b) It reduces local flooding.
(c) It creates drainage problems.
(d) It can be used for irrigation of crops.

(1) (a), (b), (c)
(2) (a), (c), (d)
(3) (a), (b), (d)
(4) (b), (c), (d)

Why: Rainwater harvesting recharges ground water, reduces local flooding and gives water for irrigation. It reduces drainage problems instead of creating them.

78.Discussion on socio-scientific issues in class helps in:
(a) developing argumentative skills in learners
(b) developing multiple perspectives on an issue
(c) encouraging citizen science activities
(d) appreciating the role of society in development of science

(1) (b) and (c)
(2) (a), (b) and (c)
(3) (c) and (d)
(4) (b), (c) and (d)

Why: Discussing socio-scientific issues builds argument skills and multiple viewpoints. It also encourages citizen science activities.

79.Which of the following illustrates ‘science as inquiry’?

(1) Classify the given plants into herbs, shrubs and trees
(2) Explore factors which affect the rate of germination in gram seeds
(3) List five uses of coconut tree
(4) Observe the types of venation in various leaves

Why: Exploring the factors that affect germination needs questions, experiments and conclusions. This is science as inquiry. The other tasks are classifying, listing and observing.

80.A gender responsive pedagogy in science entails.
(a) Use of gender sensitive language
(b) Engaging students in examining stereotypes
(c) Making gender based groups
(d) Using differentiated instruction and assessment

(1) (a), (b) and (c)
(2) (a), (c) and (d)
(3) (a) and (b)
(4) (c) and (d)

Why: Gender responsive teaching uses gender sensitive language. It also asks students to examine gender stereotypes. Making separate gender-based groups goes against this.

81.Read the following statements and choose the correct option: S1 - Photosynthesis is endothermic reaction. S2 - Respiration is exothermic reaction.

(1) Both S1 and S2 are true.
(2) Both S1 and S2 are false.
(3) S1 is true and S2 is false.
(4) S1 is false and S2 is true.

Why: Photosynthesis takes in energy from sunlight, so it is endothermic. Respiration releases energy, so it is exothermic.

82.Following table depicts colour changes in acids and bases when various indicators are added:

Indicator	Colour change in acids	Colour change in bases
Turmeric	No change	A
China rose	Dark Pink	B
Phenolphthalein	C	Pink
Methyl orange	D	Pink

A, B, C, D respectively are:

(1) reddish brown, green, colourless, orange
(2) yellow, green, orange, colourless
(3) reddish brown, pink, orange, colourless
(4) yellow, orange, pink, colourless

Why: [KEY] Turmeric turns reddish brown in bases (A). China rose turns green in bases (B). Phenolphthalein is colourless in acids (C). The key gives option 1, which says orange for D. Note that methyl orange actually turns red in acids.

83.The colour of flame depends on:
(a) Nature of combustible substance
(b) Oxygen supply
(c) Temperature of the surroundings

(1) (a) only
(2) (b) only
(3) (a) and (b)
(4) (a) and (c)

Why: The colour of a flame depends on what is burning and on how much oxygen it gets. For example, a candle flame is yellow where oxygen is less and blue where it is more.

84.Which of the following factors are responsible for generation and flow of winds on the earth?
(a) Uneven heating of the earth
(b) Uneven heating of the oceans
(c) Distance between earth and sun
(d) Gravitational force on the earth

(1) only (a)
(2) (a) and (c)
(3) (a) and (b)
(4) (a) and (d)

Why: Winds blow because land and oceans heat unevenly. This creates differences in air pressure.

85.The atomic number of A is 13 and the atomic number of B is 17. The chemical formula of the compound formed from A and B could be:

(1) A₃B
(2) AB₃
(3) AB₂
(4) AB

Why: A (atomic number 13) is aluminium with valency 3. B (atomic number 17) is chlorine with valency 1. The compound is AB₃, like AlCl₃.

86.Which of the following statement is not true regarding conduction of heat?

(1) Conduction is faster in solids than liquids.
(2) Two objects should be in contact with each other for heat flow.
(3) Conduction does not take place in gases.
(4) All materials do not allow heat to flow through them in same way.

Why: Conduction does take place in gases too, though very slowly. So statement (3) is not true.

87.An object floats with ¹⁄₄th part of its volume outside the liquid when put in liquid A and ³⁄₄th part of its volume outside the liquid when put in liquid B. Which of the following statements is true?

(1) Density of liquid A is greater than density of liquid B.
(2) Both liquids have same density.
(3) Density of liquid B is greater than density of liquid A.
(4) The densities of liquid cannot be compared on the basis of above information.

Why: In liquid B more of the object (³⁄₄) stays outside, so the object floats higher. A denser liquid pushes up more strongly. So liquid B is denser than liquid A.

88.Sunita drops a piece of potassium metal in a beaker of cold water and notes down the observations. Which of the following observation is not correct?

(1) Potassium reacts violently with water.
(2) It is endothermic reaction.
(3) Hydrogen gas is evolved.
(4) Pop sound is heard.

Why: Potassium reacts violently with cold water. It gives hydrogen gas and so much heat that the gas catches fire. The reaction is exothermic, not endothermic.

89.The purpose of divergent questions in science classroom can be:
(a) to promote critical thinking
(b) to discern between students
(c) to develop communication
(d) to identify gifted students
(e) to identify alternate conceptions (f) to appreciate subjectivity in science

(1) (a), (b), (d) and (e)
(2) (a), (b), (c) and (f)
(3) (a), (c), (e) and (f)
(4) (b), (d), (e) and (f)

Why: [KEY] The key gives (a), (b), (d) and (e). Divergent questions have many possible answers, so they show how students think. They promote critical thinking, show differences between students, help spot gifted students and bring out alternate conceptions.

90.Identify the mirrors on the basis of information given in the following table:

Mirror	Nature of image	Size of image
A	virtual and erect	same as object
B	real and inverted	same as object
C	real and inverted	enlarged
D	virtual and erect	diminished

(1) A - Plane, B - Convex, C - Concave, D - Convex
(2) A - Convex, B - Concave, C - Convex, D - Concave
(3) A - Plane mirror, B - Concave, C - Concave, D - Convex
(4) A - Concave, B - Plane, C - Convex, D - Concave

Why: A plane mirror gives a virtual, erect image of the same size. A concave mirror gives a real, inverted image of the same size (object at C) or an enlarged one (object between F and C). A convex mirror always gives a virtual, erect, diminished image.

Source text not reproduced. This question and the ones that follow it are based on an extract that is still in copyright, so it is not reprinted here. Read it in the official question paper, then use the questions below.

91.The meteor explosion in 2013 in Russia was watched by people on:

(1) Twitter
(2) YouTube
(3) All social media handles
(4) Facebook and YouTube

Why: Para 2 says that millions of people watched videos and photos of the meteor explosion “on Facebook and YouTube”.

92.‘Some of these facts are erroneous’. The antonym for the underlined word in the given sentence is:

(1) faultless
(2) inaccurate
(3) invalid
(4) surprising

Why: “Erroneous” means containing mistakes. Its antonym is “faultless”. “Inaccurate” and “invalid” are close to it in meaning.

93.Why should we not take news on social media lightly?

(1) The facts are erroneous.
(2) Strangers can call you to seek information.
(3) They can change our lives for the better.
(4) News posted are hoax and confusing.

Why: The passage ends by saying, “But social media can change our lives for the better.” This is why we should not take it lightly.

94.Arrange the following events as mentioned in para 1 in the correct sequential order.
(a) Jim watched the crash and tweeted.
(b) People started contacting Jim for updated news.
(c) A plane crashed into the Hudson River.
(d) The news of the crash was broadcast 15 minutes later.

(1) (c) → (b) → (d) → (a)
(2) (b) → (c) → (a) → (d)
(3) (d) → (c) → (a) → (b)
(4) (c) → (a) → (b) → (d)

Why: The plane crashed first. Jim watched and tweeted. Then people contacted him. The news came on official channels 15 minutes later.

95.Read the following statements:
(a) A plane crashed on 15 January, 2009
(b) 155 passengers escaped, but the pilot lost his life.
(c) Jim, an onlooker, posted pictures on Facebook

(1) (a) and (b) are correct, but (c) is incorrect
(2) (c) is correct, but (a) and (b) are incorrect
(3) (a) is correct, but (b) and (c) are incorrect
(4) (a), (b) and (c) are all incorrect

Why: The plane did crash on 15 January 2009, so (a) is correct. The pilot, crew and all passengers escaped, so (b) is wrong. Jim tweeted; the passage does not say he posted pictures on Facebook, so (c) is wrong.

96.Complete the given word analogy:
dramatic : exciting : : hoax : ? .

(1) media posts
(2) deception
(3) example
(4) excuse

Why: “Dramatic” and “exciting” are similar in meaning. In the same way, a “hoax” is a “deception”.

97.News on social media:

(1) are reliable
(2) travel fast
(3) are deliberate hoaxes
(4) are insignificant

Why: Para 3 begins, “News travels fast on social media”.

98.Identify Parts of Speech of the underlined words in the sentence given below:
‘But social media can change our lives for the better.’

(1) noun, adverb
(2) verb, adjective
(3) verb, adverb
(4) noun, adjective

Why: “Lives” is a noun, the object of “change”. The key treats “better” as an adjective.

99.Ordinary people suddenly became journalists means:

(1) they started posting news-bits pictures and videos on social media
(2) they headed towards media houses to seek employment
(3) they started contacting Jim to know the details
(4) they left the jobs where they were employed

Why: Ordinary people at the scene posted tweets, photos and videos online before official channels did. So they did the work of journalists.

Great, wide, beautiful, wonderful world,
With the wonderful water round you curled.
And the wonderful grass upon your breast
World, you are beautifully drest.

The wonderful air is over me,
And the wonderful wind is shaking the tree,
It walks on the water, and whirls the mills,
And talks to itself on the tops of the hills.

You friendly Earth! How far do you go,
With the wheat-fields that nod and the rivers that flow.
With cities and gardens, and cliffs, and isles,
And people upon you for thousands of miles?

Ah, you are so great, and I am so small,
I tremble to think of you, World, at all;
And yet, when I said my prayers today,
A whisper inside me seemed to say,
‘You are more than the Earth, though you are such a dot,
You can love and think, and the Earth cannot!’

100.What does the underlined word refer to?
‘It walks on the water, ....’

(1) river
(2) grass
(3) wind
(4) Earth

Why: “It” refers to the wind in the line before: “the wonderful wind is shaking the tree”. The wind walks on the water and whirls the mills.

101.In the line, ‘with the wonderful water round you curled’, the word ‘curled’ means:

(1) arched
(2) surrounded
(3) mounted
(4) turbulent

Why: The water lies all round the earth. So “curled” here means surrounded.

102.In this poem, the poet describes the:

(1) the Earth, its present and past
(2) the plants that grow on the Earth
(3) beauty and vastness of Earth
(4) life in the cities

Why: The poet describes the earth’s water, grass, air, fields, cities and people. The poem is about the beauty and vastness of the earth.

103.The wind in the poem talks to:

(1) itself
(2) trees
(3) clouds
(4) hills

Why: The poem says the wind “talks to itself on the tops of the hills”.

104.Identify the figures of speech in line 1 and line 4.

(1) anaphora, personification
(2) alliteration, metaphor
(3) alliteration, personification
(4) simile, alliteration

Why: Line 1 repeats the “w” sound (wide, wonderful, world), which is alliteration. Line 4 speaks to the world as if it were a person who is dressed, which is personification.

105.List the 3 different things (in stanza 3) found on Earth that make it great.

(1) rivers, gardens, cliffs
(2) isles, oceans, people
(3) wheatfields, trees, whisper
(4) cities, grass, mills

Why: Stanza 3 mentions wheat-fields, rivers, cities, gardens, cliffs, isles and people. Rivers, gardens and cliffs are all in this list.

106.The impact of tests and assessments on teachers, learners, and materials is called __________.

(1) Corpus effect
(2) Washback effect
(3) Classroom effect
(4) Reinforcement

Why: The effect of tests and assessment on teaching, learning and materials is called the washback effect.

107.Schools should follow additive bilingualism because it:

(1) values the culture and language of the child
(2) gives importance to teaching English as a second language
(3) promotes the child’s language but not the culture
(4) hinders the development of the first language

Why: Additive bilingualism adds a new language without replacing the child’s first language. So it values the child’s language and culture.

108.Linguistic function such as intonation, tone, stress, and rhythm are known as:

(1) Poetry
(2) Prosody
(3) Phonetics
(4) Pragmatics

Why: Intonation, tone, stress and rhythm are features of speech called prosody.

109.Which of the following statements is NOT true about languages in India?

(1) According to the Indian Constitution, English is an Associate Official Language.
(2) According to the list of Eighth schedule of the Constitution of India, there are 22 languages.
(3) Sanskrit is a Modern Indian Language.
(4) Hindi is the lingua franca of the Indian sub-continent.

Why: Sanskrit is a classical language, not a modern Indian language. So statement (3) is not true.

110.In a language class, students form groups under the guidance of a teacher and present an advertisement on a given topic. Learning a language in this way is called __________.

(1) Collaborative learning
(2) Competition and rivalry
(3) Language games
(4) Guidance and counseling

Why: Students work together in groups under guidance to make a shared product. This is collaborative learning.

111.A teacher gives a task to familiarise the learners with the vocabulary used in restaurants. What among the following should be objective of the lesson?

(1) To acquaint the learner with the lexical items
(2) To familiarise with the grammatical items
(3) To introduce the text about a holiday destination
(4) To develop critical thinking

Why: The task is about restaurant vocabulary. So its objective is to acquaint learners with lexical items (words).

112.Which school of learning believed that language, whether verbal or non-verbal, takes place through the process of habit formation?

(1) Functionalist
(2) Behaviourist
(3) Cognitivist
(4) Interactionalist

Why: Behaviourists believed language is learnt through habit formation by imitation, practice and reinforcement.

113.The time and place of the story are called the __________.

(1) Theme
(2) Setting
(3) Plot
(4) Climax

Why: The time and place in which a story happens are called its setting.

114.In a language class, a teacher asks a group of students to act as purchasers, property sellers, landlords and tenants while other students are asked to watch them and enjoy their conversation. This activity is called __________.

(1) Roleplay
(2) Drama
(3) Acting class
(4) Guidance

Why: Students take on the parts of buyers, sellers, landlords and tenants and talk as they would in real life. This is role play.

115.A language teacher brings everyday objects such as newspapers, menu cards and train tickets to teach the students of class V. What is she doing to make learning happen?

(1) She is using authentic materials to make her teaching more realistic and useful.
(2) She is trying to help her students to learn multiple languages.
(3) She wants her students to learn English through real life like situations.
(4) She is creating awareness in the students.

Why: Newspapers, menu cards and train tickets are authentic materials. They make language learning realistic and useful.

116.Which of the following is NOT an important factor in planning a listening lesson?

(1) Pausing the recording.
(2) Speed of delivery.
(3) Gender of speakers.
(4) Number of speakers.

Why: Pauses, speed of delivery and number of speakers affect how easy a listening text is. The gender of the speakers does not matter much.

117.Multilingualism in India intends teachers to understand:

(1) communication happens, and social cohesion is maintained
(2) minority languages should be clubbed with dominant languages
(3) ‘a language’ policy should be framed in a diverse society
(4) language, identity and culture are separate entities

Why: Multilingualism helps teachers understand that communication happens across languages and social cohesion is maintained.

118.Which skill of language is known as receptive skills?

(1) Listening and Speaking
(2) Speaking and Writing
(3) Reading and Writing
(4) Listening and Reading

Why: Listening and reading are receptive skills because the learner receives language. Speaking and writing are productive skills.

119.Listening involves:

(1) hearing the sound, decoding the sounds as they are
(2) guessing the content
(3) using prior knowledge of the subject
(4) recognising sounds and deducing the meaning from it

Why: Listening means recognising the sounds and also working out the meaning from them. Just hearing sounds is not listening.

120.Match the language teaching methods in Column - A with their understanding or related activities in Column - B:

Column - A	Column - B
(a) Communicative Language Teaching	(i) Socially acceptable and contextually appropriate language
(b) Direct method	(ii) Silent reading
(c) Grammar Translation	(iii) Written literary texts
(d) West’s New Method	(iv) Grammar is taught inductively

(1) (a)-(i), (b)-(iv), (c)-(iii), (d)-(ii)
(2) (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(i)
(3) (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv)
(4) (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii)

Why: CLT focuses on socially acceptable, context-appropriate language. The Direct method teaches grammar inductively. Grammar Translation uses written literary texts. West’s New Method stresses silent reading.

Source text not reproduced. This question and the ones that follow it are based on an extract that is still in copyright, so it is not reprinted here. Read it in the official question paper, then use the questions below.

121.‘दिवायीना दिन बाई खेतीना पसाराब यातील ‘खेतीना पसाराब यातून काय सूचित केले आहे?

(1) घरात धनधान्य आलेले आहे
(2) गाई-गुरांचं कौतुक चाललेलं आहे
(3) रांगोळी काढलेली आहे
(4) अंगणात सडा शिंपलेला आहे

Why: उताऱ्यात ही ओवी शेतकऱ्याच्या घरात धन-धान्य आल्याच्या संदर्भात येते. ‘खेतीना पसारा’ म्हणजे शेतीचे पीक घरात आले आहे.

122.लेखिकेच्या मते सासुरवाशिणीला माहेरकडून कशाची अधिक अपेक्षा असते?

(1) चोळीबांगडी
(2) पशुधन
(3) नंदी
(4) औत

Why: उताऱ्यानुसार सासुरवाशिणीला माहेरकडून चोळी-बांगडीपेक्षा पशुधनाची अधिक अपेक्षा असायची, कारण त्यामुळे तिच्या जीवनात समृद्धी नांदायची.

123.‘लक्ष्मीची पूजाब यातील ‘लक्ष्मीब हे काय आहे?

(1) सामान्यनाम
(2) सर्वनाम
(3) विशेषनाम
(4) समुदायवाचक नाम

Why: ‘लक्ष्मी’ हे एका विशिष्ट देवतेचे नाव आहे. म्हणून ते विशेषनाम आहे.

124.‘दिवाळी सण मोठाब यातील ‘मोठाब हे काय आहे?

(1) कर्ता
(2) विशेषण
(3) कर्म
(4) क्रियापद

Why: ‘मोठा’ हा शब्द ‘सण’ या नामाबद्दल माहिती सांगतो. म्हणून तो विशेषण आहे.

125.प्रस्तुत उताऱ्यात शेतीची वस्तू म्हणून कोणता शब्द आलेला आहे?

(1) औत
(2) नंदी
(3) गाई
(4) माणिक

Why: ‘औत’ म्हणजे शेत नांगरण्याचे साधन. उताऱ्यात “मला औताला दिले नंदी” असा उल्लेख आहे.

126.स्त्रीच्या मर्मबंधातील ठेव कोणती असते?

(1) दिवाळी
(2) भाऊराया
(3) रांगोळी
(4) माहेर

Why: उताऱ्यात म्हटले आहे, “माहेर म्हणजे स्त्रीच्या मर्मबंधातील ठेव.”

127.उताऱ्यातील लोकगीतातून भाऊरायाचे आगमन कसे होते?

(1) रांगोळी मोडून
(2) सडा घालून
(3) रांगोळी काढून
(4) दिवा लावून

Why: ओवीत म्हटले आहे, “बंधुराज माझा आला रांगोळी मोडून.”

128.स्त्रियांच्या ओवीगीतांतून पुढीलपैकी काय आढळत नाही?

(1) स्त्रियांची मानसिकता
(2) सण-वार
(3) स्त्री मनाचे सुख दु:ख
(4) संस्कृति विरोध

Why: ओवीगीतांतून स्त्रियांचे मन, सण-वार आणि सुख-दुःख दिसते. ती भारतीय संस्कृतीचा अनमोल ठेवा आहेत. त्यात संस्कृतीला विरोध आढळत नाही.

Source text not reproduced. This question and the ones that follow it are based on an extract that is still in copyright, so it is not reprinted here. Read it in the official question paper, then use the questions below.

129.‘पृथ्वी आळसत आळसत सूर्यसन्मुख होत असते.’ यातील अधोरेखित क्रियापद कोणते?

(1) अकर्मक क्रियापद
(2) संयुक्त क्रियापद
(3) सहायक क्रियापद
(4) सकर्मक क्रियापद

Why: ‘होत असते’ यात ‘होणे’ आणि ‘असणे’ ही दोन क्रियापदे मिळून एक क्रिया दाखवतात. म्हणून ते संयुक्त क्रियापद आहे.

130.‘दहिवरब शब्दाचा योग्य अर्थ कोणता?

(1) दव
(2) दही
(3) वृक्ष
(4) मडके

Why: ‘दहिवर’ म्हणजे पहाटे पडणारे दव.

131.‘आकाश धरणीला धुक्याच्या मिषाने कवटाळीत असते.’ यातील अधोरेखित काय आहे?

(1) विशेषनाम
(2) सामान्यनाम
(3) भाववाचक नाम
(4) क्रियाविशेषण

Why: ‘आकाश’ आणि ‘धरणी’ ही वस्तूंची नावे आहेत. म्हणून ती सामान्यनामे आहेत.

132.पृथ्वीचा अनुनय आकाश व सूर्य दोघेही करतात, यातील ‘अनुनयब या शब्दाचा समानार्थ कोणता?

(1) भक्ती
(2) अनुकरण
(3) प्रियाराधन
(4) विवाह

Why: ‘अनुनय’ म्हणजे प्रिय व्यक्तीचे मन वळवणे, प्रियाराधन.

133.पौष महिन्याला संक्रमणाचा महिना म्हणण्याचे कारण ________.

(1) दिवस मोठा होतो
(2) हिरवीगार पिके येतात
(3) आकाशात धुके असते
(4) धुक्यातून सूर्यकिरणे येतात

Why: उताऱ्यानुसार पौष हा संक्रमणाचा महिना आहे, कारण दिवस मोठे होण्याची निशाणी याच दिवसांत मिळते.

134.पुढीलपैकी सामान्यनाम कोणते?

(1) धुके
(2) गारठा
(3) माणूस
(4) ओलावा

Why: ‘माणूस’ हे एका जातीतील सर्वांना लागू पडणारे नाम आहे. म्हणून ते सामान्यनाम आहे. गारठा आणि ओलावा ही भाववाचक नामे आहेत.

135.पृथ्वी, आकाश आणि सूर्य यांच्या प्रेमकथेचे रूपक लेखिकेला कशामुळे उलगडले?

(1) पौषाची संक्रमणता
(2) पृथ्वी व सूर्याचे मीलन
(3) आदिवासी कथा
(4) रामायण

Why: लेखिका म्हणते की पौष महिन्याचा विचार तिला आदिवासींच्या कथांशिवाय करता येत नाही. पृथ्वी, आकाश आणि सूर्य यांची प्रेमकथा तिला आदिवासी कथेतूनच उलगडली.

136.पुढीलपैकी कोणते माध्यम समकालिक (Synchronous) आणि अ-समकालिक (Asynchronous) ऑनलाईन शिक्षणाच्या अनेक संधी उपलब्ध करून देते?

(1) पाठ्यपुस्तक
(2) रेल्वे तिकिट
(3) दूरदर्शन (Television)
(4) पॅडलेट (Padlet)

Why: पॅडलेट हा ऑनलाइन फलक आहे. त्यावर शिक्षक आणि विद्यार्थी एकाच वेळी (समकालिक) किंवा वेगवेगळ्या वेळी (अ-समकालिक) काम करू शकतात.

137.संस्कारक्षम मूल्यमापन (Formative assessment) या बाबतीत कोणते तंत्र आदर्श नाही?

(1) स्वाध्याय (assignment)
(2) कागद पेन्सिल चाचणी
(3) प्रकल्प
(4) वर्ग सादरीकरण

Why: कागद-पेन्सिल चाचणी साधारणपणे शिकून झाल्यावर घेतली जाते. स्वाध्याय, प्रकल्प आणि वर्ग सादरीकरण ही अध्ययन सुरू असतानाच्या (Formative) मूल्यमापनाची योग्य तंत्रे आहेत.

138.दैनंदीन वस्तूंचा वापर करून केलेले भाषा शिक्षण म्हणजे _________.

(1) रेलिया (Relia)
(2) भाषा-खेळ
(3) शिक्षण साधन
(4) मजकूर

Why: CBSE ने (1) आणि (3) हे दोन पर्याय बरोबर मानले (की B). शिकवण्यासाठी वापरलेल्या दैनंदिन खऱ्या वस्तूंना रेलिया (Realia) म्हणतात. त्या शिक्षण साधनेही आहेत.

139.भारताचे शिक्षणात भाषा धोरण (त्रिभाषा सूत्र) पुढीलपैकी कशाला उत्तेजन देते?

(1) बहुभाषिक शिक्षण
(2) एकभाषिक शिक्षण
(3) हिन्दीवर भर देत द्वैभाषिक शिक्षण
(4) मातृभाषाधारित बहुभाषिकत्त्व

Why: त्रिभाषा सूत्र मुलाच्या मातृभाषेपासून सुरू करून इतर भाषा जोडते. म्हणून ते मातृभाषाधारित बहुभाषिकत्वाला उत्तेजन देते.

140.अधोगामी (Top-down) प्रक्रियेशी संबंधित नसलेला पर्याय कोणता?

(1) ऐकणारे त्याच्या पार्श्वभूमीच्या ज्ञानावर अवलंबून असतात.
(2) ऐकणारे उद्दिष्ट अर्थाचा अनुमान लावतात.
(3) ऐकणारे जगाच्या बाबतीतल्या ज्ञानाचा वापर करतात.
(4) ऐकणाऱ्यांना प्रत्येक शब्द समजणे गरजेचे आहे.

Why: अधोगामी प्रक्रियेत ऐकणारे पूर्वज्ञानाच्या आधारे अर्थाचा अंदाज बांधतात. त्यांना प्रत्येक शब्द समजण्याची गरज नसते.

141.‘आंतरराष्ट्रीय मातृभाषा दिनब कधी साजरा केला जातो?

(1) 1 जानेवारी
(2) 14 फेब्रुवारी
(3) 21 फेब्रुवारी
(4) 13 एप्रिल

Why: युनेस्को दरवर्षी 21 फेब्रुवारीला आंतरराष्ट्रीय मातृभाषा दिन साजरा करते.

142.तुम्ही तुमचा सहकारी जो तुमचा मित्र ही आहे त्याला इमेल लिहिता. या प्रकारचा इमेल म्हणजे __________.

(1) अनौपचारिक
(2) औपचारिक
(3) व्यावसायिक
(4) पत्र व्यवहार

Why: मित्र असलेल्या सहकाऱ्याला लिहिलेला इमेल अनौपचारिक असतो.

143.विद्यार्थ्यांच्या शिक्षणात आणि आकलनात स्पष्टता येण्यासाठी समग्र अध्ययन-अध्यापन पद्धतीत केलेले मूल्यमापन म्हणजे __________.

(1) शिक्षणासाठी मूल्यमापन
(2) शिक्षणाचे मूल्यमापन
(3) शिक्षणात मूल्यमापन
(4) शिक्षण म्हणजे मूल्यमापन

Why: अध्ययन-अध्यापन सुरू असताना विद्यार्थ्यांचे आकलन जाणून शिक्षण सुधारण्यासाठी केलेले मूल्यमापन म्हणजे शिक्षणासाठी मूल्यमापन.

144.द्वितीय भाषा वर्गामध्ये शिक्षक ‘आरोग्य म्हणजेच संपत्तीब यावरील ध्वनिफीत लावतात. यानंतर ते मुलांना पत्रके वाटतात व त्यातील दिलेल्या पर्यायांपैकी अचूक उत्तर देण्यास सांगतात. या उपक्रमातून विद्यार्थ्यांना कोणत्या बाबतीत सक्षम करायचे आहे?

(1) आरोग्यावरील पाठ ऐकणे
(2) विद्यार्थ्यांना नियत कार्यात गुंतवून ठेवणे
(3) आशयाचे विश्लेषण करण्यास ऐकणे
(4) ‘आरोग्य आणि संपत्तीब यावरील धडा पाठ करणे

Why: CBSE ने (2) आणि (3) हे दोन पर्याय बरोबर मानले (की D). विद्यार्थी ध्वनिफीत ऐकून पत्रकावर योग्य उत्तर निवडतात. त्यामुळे ते कार्यात गुंततात आणि ऐकून विश्लेषण करायला शिकतात.

145.‘भाषा शिक्षणात चुकाब या संदर्भात कोणते विधान योग्य नाही?

(1) चुका भाषा शिक्षण प्रक्रियेत अडथळा आणतात.
(2) चुका प्रत्येक वेळेला वाईट नसतात, शिक्षणात मदत करतात.
(3) चुका हा भाषा शिक्षण प्रक्रियेचा महत्त्वाचा पैलू आहे.
(4) चुका द्वितीय भाषा आत्मसात करण्याच्या प्रक्रियेला समजून घेण्यात मदत करतात.

Why: चुका हा भाषा शिकण्याचा नैसर्गिक भाग आहे. त्या अडथळा नसतात. म्हणून विधान (1) योग्य नाही.

146.भाषा शिक्षणात सर्जनशीलता म्हणजे _________.

(1) वर्गातील मुक्त नियतकार्य ज्यात विविध अर्थ लावण्याचे नि उत्तर देण्याचे स्वातंत्र्य असणे
(2) एखादी गोष्ट समजून घेण्यासाठी विविध विषयांच्या घटकांना सामावून घेणे
(3) नवीन शिक्षण पद्धतींचा वापर करून केलेले वर्ग-कार्य
(4) संभाषणात्मक भाषा शिक्षणाच्या मदतीने केलेली वर्ग सामग्री

Why: वेगवेगळे अर्थ आणि उत्तरे देण्याचे स्वातंत्र्य असलेली मुक्त नियतकार्ये म्हणजे भाषा शिक्षणातील सर्जनशीलता.

147.विद्यार्थ्यांला भाषेच्या संपर्कात आणले पाहिजे. चुका होणे हे याचे प्रमाण आहे की अध्ययन होत आहे. या मान्यतेचा पुरस्कार कोण करते?

(1) वर्तनवादी (Behaviourist)
(2) बोधनात्मकवादी (Cognitivist)
(3) मानवतावादी (Humanist)
(4) मानसविश्लेषणवादी (Psychoanalyst)

Why: बोधनात्मकवादी मानतात की विद्यार्थ्याला भाषेचा भरपूर संपर्क मिळाला पाहिजे आणि चुका हे शिकत असल्याचे प्रमाण आहे.

148.पुढीलपैकी कोणते विधान अचूक आहे?
(a) डिस्लेक्सिया (Dyslexia) ही वाचन अक्षमता आहे.
(b) डिस्ग्राफिया (Dysgraphia) ही लेखन अक्षमता आहे.
(c) डिस्ग्राफिया (Dysgraphia) ही वाचन अक्षमता आहे.
(d) डिस्लेक्सिया (Dyslexia) ही लेखन अक्षमता आहे.

(1) फक्त (a) बरोबर
(2) फक्त (b) आणि (d) बरोबर
(3) (a) आणि (b) दोन्ही बरोबर
(4) (c) आणि (d) दोन्ही बरोबर

Why: डिस्लेक्सिया ही वाचन अक्षमता आणि डिस्ग्राफिया ही लेखन अक्षमता आहे. म्हणून (a) आणि (b) बरोबर आहेत.

149.शासकीय शाळेची शिक्षिका, रीटा, दृष्य साधने आणि भाषा-खेळांचा वापर इयत्ता सातवीच्या मुलांना इंग्रजी शिकवण्यासाठी करते. रीटा कोणत्या अध्यापन सिद्धांताचा वापर करते?

(1) नैसर्गिक प्रक्रियेचा सिद्धांत
(2) सरावातून सवय लावणे सिद्धांत
(3) प्रेरणा आणि आवड सिद्धांत
(4) जीवनाशी संबंध लावणे सिद्धांत

Why: दृश्य साधने आणि भाषा-खेळ यांमुळे शिकणे रंजक होते. रीटा प्रेरणा आणि आवड या सिद्धांताचा वापर करते.

150.प्राणी हा मुख्य पात्र असलेली आणि सुगमपणे नीती शिकवण देणारी कथा म्हणजे ___________.

(1) कल्पित कथा
(2) बोधकथा
(3) विज्ञानकथा
(4) यात्रावृत्तांत

Why: प्राणी मुख्य पात्र असलेली आणि सोप्या रीतीने नीती शिकवणारी कथा म्हणजे बोधकथा, उदा. पंचतंत्रातील कथा.

CTET July 2024 — Paper II (Maths and Science)

Choose your language papers

Central Teacher Eligibility Test — July 2024
Paper II (Maths and Science)

Part I — Child Development and Pedagogy

Part II — Mathematics and Science

Part IV — Language I — English

Part V — Language II — Marathi

Answer Key

CTET July 2024 — Paper II (Maths and Science)

Choose your language papers

Central Teacher Eligibility Test — July 2024Paper II (Maths and Science)

Part I — Child Development and Pedagogy

Part II — Mathematics and Science

Part IV — Language I — English

Part V — Language II — Marathi

Answer Key

Central Teacher Eligibility Test — July 2024
Paper II (Maths and Science)